swarming motility

Swarm behaviors are common in nature, where individual organisms collaborate via perception, communication, and adaptation. Emulating these dynamics, large groups of active agents can self-organize through localized interactions, giving rise to complex swarm behaviors, which exhibit potential for applications across various domains. This review presents a comprehensive summary and perspective of synthetic swarms, to bridge the gap between the microscale individual agents and potential applications of synthetic swarms...

Many living and artificial systems show similar emergent behavior and collective motions on different scales, starting from swarms of bacteria to synthetic active particles, herds of mammals, and crowds of people. What all these systems often have in common is that new collective properties like flocking emerge from interactions between individual self-propelled or driven units. Such systems are naturally out-of-equilibrium and propel at the expense of consumed energy. Mimicking nature by making self-propelled or externally driven particles and studying their individual and collective motility may allow for deeper understanding of physical underpinnings behind collective motion of large groups of interacting objects or beings...

Brevibacillus thermoruber strain Nabari cells grow as widely spreading dendritic colonies on reasoner's 2A-agar (1.5%) plates at around 55°C but as small motile colonies at 37°C. Motile colonies can be divided into colonies that move in straight or curved lines over long distances (wandering colonies), and colonies that rotate at a fixed location (rotating colonies). The addition of surfactant to the agar medium greatly increased the frequency of wandering colonies and facilitated the study of such colonies...

Bacteria in biofilms form complex structures and can collectively migrate within mobile aggregates, which is referred to as swarming. This behavior is influenced by a combination of various factors, including morphological characteristics and propulsive forces of swimmers, their volume fraction within a confined environment, and hydrodynamic and steric interactions between them. In our study, we employ the squirmer model for microswimmers and the dissipative particle dynamics method for fluid modeling to investigate the collective motion of swimmers in thin films...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa belongs to the critical pathogens that represent a global public health problem due to their high rate of resistance as listed by WHO. P. aeruginosa can result in many nosocomial infections especially in individuals with compromised immune systems. Attenuating virulence factors by interference with quorum sensing (QS) systems is a promising approach to treat P. aeruginosa -resistant infections. Thymoquinone is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa (black seed) essential oil...

PURPOSE: To examine the biofilm formation characteristics of bacteria identified at the genus level in samples obtained from silicone tubes after dacryocystorhinostomy surgery. METHODS: In the study involving consecutive patients who underwent dacryocystorhinostomy surgery at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital and whose silicone tubes were removed six months after surgery, between January 2023 and May 2023; the tubes were placed in glycerol-PBS (phosphate buffered saline) solution and cultured on descriptive selective media at the genus level...

Citrocin is an anti-microbial peptide that holds great potential in animal feed. This study evaluates the anti-microbial and anti-biofilm properties of Citrocin and explores the mechanism of action of Citrocin on the biofilm of P. aeruginosa . The results showed that Citrocin had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of P. aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.3 mg/mL. All five concentrations (1/4MIC, 1/2MIC, MIC, 2MIC, and 4MIC) of Citrocin inhibited P...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determination of Anti-Quorum Sensing (AQS) and anti-biofilm potential of the methanol extract of ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) rhizomes against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ). METHODS: The AQS activity of ginger was determined against Chromobacterium violaceum ( C. violaceum ) ATCC 12472 (CV12472), a biosensor strain, in qualitative manner using the agar well diffusion method...

The formation of biofilms underscores the challenge of treating bacterial infections. The study aimed to assess the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, anti-motility, and anti-biofilm effects of defatted fractions from Myrothamnus flabellifolius (resurrection plant). Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide assays. Cytotoxicity was screened using a brine shrimp lethality assay. Antibacterial activity was determined using the micro-dilution and growth curve assays...

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is widely distributed in marine ecosystems. Magnesium ion (Mg2+ ) is the second most abundant metal cation in seawater, and plays important roles in the growth and gene expression of V . parahaemolyticus , but lacks the detailed mechanisms. In this study, the RNA sequencing data demonstrated that a total of 1494 genes was significantly regulated by Mg2+ . The majority of the genes associated with lateral flagella, exopolysaccharide, type III secretion system 2, type VI secretion system (T6SS) 1, T6SS2, and thermostable direct hemolysin were downregulated...

INTRODUCTION: The etiology and progression of sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have been studied for decades. One proposed mechanism is that amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteins induce neuroinflammation, synapse loss, and neuronal cell death. Microglia play an especially important role in Aβ clearance, and alterations in microglial function due to aging or disease may result in Aβ accumulation and deleterious effects on neuronal function. However, studying these complex factors in vivo , where numerous confounding processes exist, is challenging, and until recently, in vitro models have not allowed sustained culture of microglia, astrocytes and neurons in the same culture...

The emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms presents a substantial global public health threat. The increase in pathogens resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics underscores the urgent requirement to explore alternative treatment strategies. This study adopts a novel approach by harnessing natural resources, specifically essential oils (EO), to combat bacterial pathogenicity. The primary aim of this research was to analyze the chemical composition of the aerial part of the Matricaria aurea ( M. aureas ) EO and evaluate its potential for inhibiting quorum sensing (QS) and disrupting biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P ...

Bacillus licheniformis, a quick and strong biofilm former, is served as a persistent microbial contamination in the dairy industry. Its biofilm formation process is usually regulated by environmental factors including the divalent cation Ca2+ . This work aims to investigate how different concentrations of Ca2+ change biofilm-related phenotypes (bacterial motility, biofilm-forming capacity, biofilm structures, and EPS production) of dairy B. licheniformis strains. The Ca2+ ions dependent regulation mechanism for B...

Petroselinum sativum , known as parsley, is a fragrant herb that possesses a rich heritage of utilization in traditional medicinal practices. In this study, we annotated the phytocontents of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of P. sativum and investigated their antioxidant, cytoprotective, antiaging, wound healing, and antibacterial activities. LC-MS/MS analysis of both extracts revealed the presence of 47 compounds belonging to diverse groups including organic acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. By MTT assay, the extracts were fully biocompatible on immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) while they inhibited intracellular ROS formation (DCFDA assay) and prevented GSH depletion (DTNB assay) upon UVA exposure...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogenic microorganism that poses a significant challenge in clinical treatment. Antibiotics exhibit limited efficacy against mature biofilm, culminating in an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, novel strategies are essential to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. D-histidine has been previously identified as a prospective anti-biofilm agent. However, limited attention has been directed towards its impact on Pseudomonas aeruginosa...

Swarming is a macroscopic phenomenon in which surface bacteria organize into a motile population. The flagellar motor that drives swarming in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is powered by stators MotAB and MotCD. Deletion of the MotCD stator eliminates swarming, whereas deletion of the MotAB stator enhances swarming. Interestingly, we measured a strongly asymmetric stator availability in the wild-type (WT) strain, with MotAB stators produced at an approximately 40-fold higher level than MotCD stators. However, utilization of MotCD stators in free swimming cells requires higher liquid viscosities, while MotAB stators are readily utilized at low viscosities...

Swarming motility is a type of movement used by pathogenic flagellated bacteria as virulence factor to colonize surfaces and cause damage to the host. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a pathogenic flagellated bacterium that increases its virulence by switching from swimmer to swarming cells. The hosts of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus include farmed shrimp. Therefore, methods to detect and quantify this movement are important to control shrimp diseases caused by pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains. We developed an optimized swarming motility assay by identifying the most optimal type of agar, and drying time of the culture medium, agar concentration and volume of the bacterial culture to achieve the fastest swarming motility during the migration of V...

The last step of the initiation phase of fatty acid biosynthesis in most bacteria is catalyzed by the 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III (FabH). Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain B728a encodes two FabH homologs, Psyr_3467 and Psyr_3830, which we designated PssFabH1 and PssFabH2, respectively. Here, we explored the roles of these two 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) III proteins. We found that PssFabH1 is similar to the Escherichia coli FabH in using acetyl-acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA ) as a substrate in vitro, whereas PssFabH2 uses acyl-CoAs (C4 -C10 ) or acyl-ACPs (C6 -C10 )...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most frequently resistant and dangerous bacteria isolated from infected wounds of patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa from infected wounds of patients in the Dschang District Hospital to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility profiles and their ability to swarm and swim and correlate pyocyanin production with biofilm formation. Wound swab samples were collected and the identification of P. aeruginosa was performed using microbiological and biochemical tests...

Bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP upregulation is associated with the transition from planktonic to sessile microbial lifestyle, inhibiting cellular motility, and virulence. However, in-depth elucidation of the cellular processes resulting from c-di-GMP upregulation has not been fully explored. Here, we report the role of upregulated cellular c-di-GMP in promoting planktonic cell growth of Escherichia coli K12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. We found a rapid expansion of cellular growth during initial cellular c-di-GMP upregulation, resulting in a larger planktonic bacterial population...