"a clinician's guide"

CONTEXT: The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is one of the most widely used computerized neurocognitive assessment batteries in athletics, serving as both a baseline and post-injury assessment. It has become increasingly popular to administer the ImPACT baseline test in an un-supervised remote environment, however, it is unknown if the lack of supervision affects the test-retest reliability. OBJECTIVE: To establish the minimal detectable change (MDC) of composite scores from the ImPACT test when administered to National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I student-athletes in an un-supervised remote environment before two consecutive athletic seasons...

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are high-throughput methods for DNA sequencing and have become a widely adopted tool in cancer research. The sheer amount and variety of data generated by NGS assays require sophisticated computational methods and bioinformatics expertise. In this review, we provide background details of NGS technology and basic bioinformatics concepts for the clinician investigator interested in cancer research applications, with a focus on DNA-based approaches. We introduce general principles of pre-sequencing library preparation, post-sequencing alignment, and variant calling...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Adverse occupational and environmental exposures are common causes of respiratory disease and health consequences requiring medical care. Understanding how these various exposures affect patients and how to elicit an adequate history is critical for any clinician. Military personnel are often overlooked when discussing groups at risk for environmental exposure-associated airway disease. There are close to 20 million active duty and veterans in the USA, and nearly all clinicians will at some point care for a patient that has served in the military...

Introduction: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal urticaria (GU) and to provide a clinician's guide to GU treatment options. Methods and analysis: We plan to search multiple databases (i.e., PubMed, EMBASE, Springer, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Wanfang Database) for studies published before September 1, 2022...

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is the standard-of-care treatment for patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases who have impaired antibody production and function. Clinicians and patients may consider intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) options, and each route may offer different benefits for the individual. IVIG requires fewer infusion sites and less frequent infusions than some formulations of SCIG. However, SCIG does not require venous access, is associated with fewer systemic adverse infusion reactions than IVIG, and can independently be self-administered at home...

INTRODUCTION: Physical therapy practice has greatly improved in providing a biopsychosocial approach when considering persistent pain. However, the spinal cord is often overlooked as a structure with an important role in modulating nociceptive information. PURPOSE: This article highlights the role of the dorsal horn (DH) in nociceptive processing and its impact on persistent pain conditions as they appear clinically. Key processes occurring in the spinal cord are described, including cellular changes and local spinal network responses to nociceptive stimuli...

Behavior change models are used to understand and intervene on health-related behaviors and outcomes. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding how to create and maintain behavior change in patients with complex chronic diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). To address this gap, the Wahls Behavior ChangeTM Model (WBCM) (The trademark applies to subsequent mention of the model.) was developed based on existing behavior change theory, empirical evidence, and extensive clinical experience caring for patients with complex chronic diseases...

Patients with breast cancer may be offered adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) after surgery. Up to 95% of these patients develop radiation dermatitis (RD) during or following RT. Randomized clinical trials and other literature provide evidence that RD can be prevented or reduced. The aim of this article is to propose a Clinician Guide and Evidence-based Skin Care Plan to prevent and/or reduce radiation dermatitis and promote the comfort of breast cancer patients receiving RT. As an integrative review, the databases searched were CINAHL and Medline, using the key terms: breast cancer, skin care, radiation, radiation therapy, radiotherapy, radiation dermatitis, and radiation skin reaction, prevention, and management...

Background: Recent studies have used self-administered screening scales in community and clinical samples to identify individuals who probably or likely had the disorder of interest. A better understanding of the statistics of screening, specifically positive predictive value, would indicate that the conclusions drawn from these studies are not justified. Methods: The principles and statistics of diagnostic screening and how screening is distinguished from case-finding are reviewed, followed by a review of studies that have failed to consider the positive predictive value of the screening scales in the samples studied...

BACKGROUND: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a significant unmet need amongst cancer survivors and is consistently associated with psychological distress and impaired quality of life. Psychological interventions for FCR, such as ConquerFear, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing FCR and improving emotional wellbeing. Unfortunately, there are barriers to the uptake of evidence-based FCR treatments in clinical practice. A stepped-care FCR treatment model may overcome these barriers and has demonstrated potential in people with advanced melanoma...

DISCLAIMER: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE: This article explores approaches to pharmacogenomic counseling for patients who have undergone multigene panel testing by describing the collective experience of 5 institutions...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A total of 2.4 million adults in England were dispensed a benzodiazepine or Z-drug (BZRA) in 2017/18, and more than 250 000 patients in the UK take BZRAs beyond the recommended duration. Deprescribing is a clinician-guided process of withdrawing inappropriate drugs. This review aimed to evaluate the evidence base supporting the feasibility and clinical effectiveness of all forms of deprescribing initiatives used to discontinue long-term (≥ 4 weeks) BZRAs...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Wearable technology is rapidly evolving and the data that it can provide regarding an individual's health is becoming increasingly important for clinicians to consider. The purpose of this review is to help inform health care providers of the benefits of smartwatch interrogation, with a focus on reviewing the various parameters and how to apply the data in a meaningful way. RECENT FINDINGS: This review details interpretation of various parameters found commonly in newer smartwatches such as heart rate, step count, ECG, heart rate recovery (HRR), and heart rate variability (HRV), while also discussing potential pitfalls that a clinician should be aware of...

Surgeons are uniquely poised to conduct research to improve patient care, yet a gap often exists between the clinician's desire to guide patient care with causal evidence and having adequate training necessary to produce causal evidence. This guide aims to address this gap by providing clinically relevant examples to illustrate necessary assumptions required for clinical research to produce causal estimates.

OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a resource-intensive global pandemic. It is important for healthcare systems to identify high risk COVID-19 positive patients who need timely health care. This study was conducted to predict hospitalization of older adults who have tested positive for COVID-19. METHODS: We screened all patients with COVID test records from 11 Mass General Brigham (MGB) hospitals to identify the study population. A total of 1,495 patients with age 65 and above from the outpatient setting were included in the final cohort, among which 459 patients were hospitalized...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune disease (AD) may occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The autoimmune mechanism seems to be related to an imbalance of the immune regulation effect of T-regulatory lymphocytes on autoreactive T-lymphocytes. AREAS COVERED: ADs include hematological ADs (HADs) and nonhematologic ADs (NHADs) involving organs such as thyroid, peripheral and central nervous system, skin, liver, connective tissue, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney...

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to elicit clinicians' and parents' perspectives about decision-making related to hospitalization for children with bronchiolitis and the use of shared decision-making (SDM) to guide these decisions. METHODS: We conducted individual, semistructured interviews with purposively sampled clinicians (pediatric emergency medicine physicians and nurses) at 2 children's hospitals and parents of children age <2 years with bronchiolitis evaluated in the emergency department at 1 hospital...

OBJECTIVE: This review will provide an overview of the use rucaparib and olaparib in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with the goal to assist the clinician's decision-making process when considering these agents for an individual patient. DATA SOURCES: Searches were conducted in PubMed, relevant meeting abstracts, clinicaltrials.gov, and United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) documents to identify literature published through July 1, 2021, related to use of rucaparib and olaparib for treatment of prostate cancer...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.