Cerebrovasculer

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In the long history of traditional Chinese medicine, Panax notoginseng has been used as a key herb for the treatment of blood diseases. Brain microvessels support adequate blood circulation to maintain normal physiological function, therefore, brain microcirculation disorder is an important therapeutic target for various brain diseases. However, the role of Xueshuantong (XST) injection composed of saponins from P. Notoginseng (PNS) in the amelioration of cerebral microcirculation disorder is unclear...

Acute stroke-like presentations due to rickettsial infections have been sparsely reported in literature. We report a young patient who presented with high grade fever and acute encephalopathy with right hemiplegia. CT head showed left cerebral, bilateral thalamic and midbrain infarcts. The stroke in young work-up for conventional and non-conventional risk factors including few infections known to cause cerebral vasculitis was negative. He did not respond to empirical antimalarials and antibiotics. With a high index of suspicion of his 'febrile cerebrovasculitis' like presentation, serological test for rickettsia was done and found to be positive...

INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic immunological disease causing a significant morbidity and mortality in younger women and involving several organs and systems, most often the kidneys, being consequently the incidence of lupus nephritis (LN) about 60%. CASE REPORT: We reported a 57 year-old patient with the diagnosed SLE in 1995. Pathohistological analysis of kidney biopsy revealed LN type V. The patient was treated with corticosteroid pulses and azathioprine during one year...

The aim of the study was the comparison of clinical, laboratory end instrumental data between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) end infectious endocarditis (IE) for analysis of similar and different features. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental data were analysed and compared for 96 SLE and 23 IE patients. SLE and IE have the following common features: fever, pleurisy, pericarditis, myocarditis hemorrhagic vasculitis, renal disorders, anaemia, concentrations of circulating immune complex (CIC), IgM. Characteristic of SLE were skin erythema, alopecia, cerebrovasculitis, lymhadenopathy, pneumonitis, frequent articular lesions, pancytopenia, high IgG levels, and antibodies to DNA...

AIM: To compare clinical laboratory data in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and infectious endocarditis (IE) for analysis of similar and different features. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical and laboratory findings were compared for 72 IE and 71 SLE patients examined for a decade. RESULTS: SLE and IE have the following common features: fever, pleurisy, pericarditis, hemorrhagic vasculitis, articular syndrome, renal disorders, anemia, rheumatoid factor (RF), cryoproteins (CP), elevated ESR, concentrations of circulating immune complexes (CIC), IgM...

Content of antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasma--myeloperoxidase (MPO)--and proteinase-3 (PR-3) was measured in the sera of 65 patients with SLE and 20 donors. Antibodies to MPO (a-MPO) and proteinase-3 (a-PR-3) significantly outnumbered those of the control. The number of a-MPO appeared elevated in 13, lowered in 7, moderate in 6 cases and directly correlated with anemia, pulmonary lesions, a-PR-3 level, inversely correlated with cerebrovasculitis and polyneuritis. The number of a-PR-3 was elevated in 14 cases (10 low titers and 4 moderate titers)...

AIM: The study of incidence of clinico-laboratory signs of antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) and the results of its treatment in SLE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 120 patients with verified SLE, 13 (10.8%) had the signs of APLS. They underwent additional tests (platelet and lupus blood anticoagulant assays, assessment of immunity). RESULTS: APLS treatment consisted of suppression of antiphospholipid antibodies production by glucocorticosteroids and cytostatics, removal of antibodies by means of plasmapheresis, HBO therapy of thromboses and vascular defects...

AIM: Analysis of a 12-year follow-up SLE patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the course of a 12-year follow-up of 104 SLE patients the following tests were made: biochemical (acute-phase blood proteins), immunological (circulating immune complexes, IgA, IgM, IgG, complement system, rheumatoid factor), functional (ECG, echoCG) and others. The authors also made correction of the maintenance therapy, determined indications for pulse-therapy with glucocorticosteroids and cytostatics, extracorporeal and hospital regimens...

In late 1983, five patients living near Charlottesville, Virginia, were treated for an unusual syndrome of fever, headache, altered mentation, multifocal neurologic signs, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Clinical signs of brainstem disease developed in four patients. All five had had recent exposure to forests or wood and contact with flea-infested dogs. Two patients died; one survivor has had recurrent seizures. Brain biopsy samples in two patients and autopsy findings in another showed cerebral vasculitis and perivasculitis involving mostly venules and capillaries...

Ten patients with Sjögren's disease and 5 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus combined with Sjögren's syndrome received therapy with high doses of 6-methylprednisolone (pulse-therapy) and cyclophosphamide. Improvement of the stomatological signs of the disease was noted in all the patients: salivation increased, the parotid glands considerably decreased in size, parotiditis recurrences were absent or seldom, and the number of the functioning salivary glands of the lower lip increased. The above therapy showed a positive effect on ophthalmological symptoms of the disease in 5 patients...

Altogether 95 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 36 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 10 with sclerodermia systematic, 10 with Bekhterev's disease, 9 with rheumatic fever, and 20 healthy persons were examined. An analysis of the results made it possible to establish that in SLE, sclerodermia systematic and Bekhterev's disease the frequency of detection of higher levels of antibodies to n-DNA using enzyme immunoassay and radionuclide methods was approximately the same. SLE patients were characterized by a 2-fold increase in the level of antibodies to n-DNA as compared to patients with sclerodermia systematic, Bekhterev's disease and rheumatic fever suggesting usefulness for differentiation of these diseases...

The effect of 6-methylprednisolone therapy at high doses on the time course of autoantibodies to DNA and anti-idiopathic (inhibitory) serum activity was studied in 22 patients suffering from SLE with a high clinicolaboratory activity. Pulse-therapy led to the improved status in 70% of the patients and rapid reduction of clinical and laboratory manifestations of disease (cerebrovasculitis, nephritis, skin involvement, etc.). Changes in clinicolaboratory findings well correlated with the time course of antibodies to DNA and the level of anti-idiopathic activity...

In December 1985, a patient was seen with an illness that was clinically compatible with the recently described clinical syndrome of acute febrile cerebrovasculitis, including fever, headache, altered mentation, multifocal neurologic signs, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. An extensive medical evaluation failed to reveal a cause, until, retrospectively, she was shown to have antibodies to Rickettsia typhi. Detailed serologic analysis with enzyme immunoassays and protein immunoblots indicated that she was infected with a non-spotted fever group Rickettsia, most likely either R typhi or Rickettsia canada...

In 1986, an unusual syndrome of acute febrile cerebrovasculitis in the Piedmont Region of Virginia was reported. All patients had encephalopathy and prior exposure to both a sylvan environment and flea-infested animals. The initial serological studies suggested a rickettsial origin, corroborating clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological findings. Sera from four of five patients were subsequently studied by immunoblotting. Unabsorbed and absorbed sera were tested with electrophoresed and electroblotted Rickettsia typhi, Legionella bozemanii, and Proteus vulgaris OX19 antigens...

Based on clinico-immunologic studies subtypes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were distinguished. The ANF-R++H-DNA-CH50 variant determines acute onset of SLE with renal injury in the form of diffuse glomerulonephritis. The ANF-Sp-RNP-RF mirrors the development of Raynaud's syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome, polymyositis, pneumosclerosis and myocarditis. The ANF-Sp-Ro-RF variant is associated with skin derangement in the form of discoid foci, anular, papulosquamous eruption, vitiligo, hyperpigmentation, and cerebrovasculitis...

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