TPN LIVER

BACKGROUND: Nutrition during fetal and neonatal life is an important determinant for the risk of adult-onset diseases, especially Type 2 diabetes and obesity. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine whether total parenteral nutrition (TPN) vs. enteral formula feeding (EN) in term piglets during the first 2 weeks after birth would increase the long-term (5-month) development of metabolic syndrome phenotypes with adverse glucose homeostasis, fatty liver disease, and obesity...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition and liver impairment after duodenal switch (DS) are possible and undesired complications, often conservatively treated. However, in specific cases, surgical revision may be necessary. This study aims to describe outcomes achieved by two bariatric surgery centers and address effectiveness and safety of revisional surgical procedures to resolve these complications. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed in two bariatric surgery centers from 2008 to 2022...

Anastomotic leakage (AL) constitutes a prominent cause of significant morbidity following gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The manifestation of AL typically occurs within 7 to 10 days post-surgery, with reported incidence rates of 5.8-6.7% for open gastrectomy and 3.3-4.1% for laparoscopic gastrectomy. Various predisposing risk factors have been identified, including the individual nutritional status (excluding obesity) and preoperative corticotherapy. Interestingly, the administration of neoadjuvant therapies appears to reduce the AL occurrence...

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: After pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), an early oral diet is recommended; however, the postoperative nutritional management of PD patients is known to be highly variable, with some centers still routinely providing parenteral nutrition (PN). Some patients who receive PN experience clinically significant complications, underscoring its judicious use. Using a large cohort, this study aimed to determine the proportion of PD patients who received postoperative nutritional support (NS), describe the nature of this support, and investigate whether receiving PN correlated with adverse perioperative outcomes...

BACKGROUND: The present study aims to explore the clinical application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pediatric patients with congenital upper gastrointestinal obstruction (CUGIO). METHODS: A total of 82 pediatric patients with CUGIO admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in Kunming Children's Hospital between June 2017 and June 2021 were enrolled in the present study and divided into two groups: the ERAS group (n = 46) and the control group (n = 36)...

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes in patients with cirrhosis. However, the prevalence of and associated factors for developing sarcopenia in this population remain to be determined. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to summarize the prevalence, characteristics, and associated factors of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: Electronic searches were performed from inception to June 9, 2022 to identify the eligible studies...

OBJECTIVE: The impact of sarcopenia on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) patients remains uncertain in clinical practice. Hence, this study aims to investigate the potential correlation between sarcopenia and the clinical outcomes of GIC patients treated with ICIs. METHODS: To gather pertinent studies, a systematic literature search was implemented across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the autophagy associated with apoptosis in hepatic damage in the short bowel syndrome rat model. METHODS: SD rats underwent jugular vein catheterization for continuous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and 90% small bowel resection. Animals were divided into two groups: TPN plus SBS (Control group) or TPN plus SBS plus intravenous administration of HGF (HGF group). On day 7, the rats were harvested, and hepatocellular injury was evaluated...

BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) is a common hepatobiliary complication resulting from long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Ferroptosis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. This study aims to explore the role of ferroptosis in PNALD and to uncover its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Ferroptosis was evaluated in pediatric patients with PNALD and in rats administered with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) as an animal model of PNALD...

Parenteral nutrition (PN), a vital therapy for patients with intestinal failure, can lead to the development of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Lactobacillus johnsonii ( L. johnsonii ) in a rat model of PNALD. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-fed rats were used to assess the role of L. johnsonii in liver steatosis, bile acid metabolism, gut microbiota, and hepatocyte apoptosis. We observed a depletion of L. johnsonii that was negatively correlated with the accumulation of glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), a known apoptosis inducer, in rats subjected to TPN...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Refeeding hypophosphatemia (RH) is associated with poor clinical outcomes and mortality. The presence of RH in patients with liver cirrhosis remains unclear. This study aims to determine the frequency of RH related to nutritional status and disease severity in liver cirrhosis. METHODS: This study was prospectively conducted in a-single center gastroenterology clinic. Malnutrition was identified by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). The disease severity was defined using Child score and MELD score...

Parenteral nutrition (PN) prevents starvation and supports metabolic requirements intravenously when patients are unable to be fed enterally. Clinically, infants are frequently provided PN in intensive care settings along with exposure to antibiotics (ABX) to minimize infection during care. Unfortunately, neonates experience extremely high rates of hepatic complications Adult rodent and piglet models of PN are well-established, but neonatal models capable of leveraging the considerable transgenic potential of the mouse remain underdeveloped...

BACKGROUND: Ostomy/Stoma is a common entity in patients operated for small bowel perforation in developing countries. Delay in presentation, poor general condition, malnutrition and lack of health infrastructure in peripheral areas are some of the causes leading to severe sepsis at presentation. Exteriorising the perforation site as stoma/ostomy is the preferred salvage procedure. Proximal stoma/ostomy is high output and cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Also it is difficult to maintain nutrition with oral feeds, as partially digested food along with digestive enzymes gets lost through the stoma...

BACKGROUND: Enteral drug therapy is challenging in short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF) due to unpredictable absorption. SEFA-6179 is an enterally-administered medium chain fatty acid analogue under development for intestinal failure-associated liver disease. We investigate the pharmacokinetics of two SEFA-6179 formulations in two large animal models of SBS-IF, including a new pseudojejunostomy model. METHODS: Twenty Yucatan minipigs were obtained...

OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a part of parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing liver surgery. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Springer link, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP Database. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluated the outcomes of liver function, inflammatory reaction, the influence of certain markers of the immune system, and specific clinical indexes for patients undergoing liver surgery and receiving parenteral nutrition with n-3 PUFAs...

BACKGROUND: little information is availaible on the effect of fructose on bile lipids. The first stage in the formation of gallstones corresponds to biliary cholesterol crystallization, derived from the vesicular transporters. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of consuming diets with different fructose concentrations on serum lipids and their implications on gallstones formation. METHODS: BALB/c mice divided into a control group as well as groups were treated with different fructose concentrations (10 %, 30 %, 50 % or 70 %) for different periods (1, 2 or 5 months)...

BACKGROUND: Flucloxacillin-induced hepatotoxicity is well established in adults. However, there are few paediatric studies of flucloxacillin-induced hepatotoxicity despite this drug being among the most commonly prescribed in children. We aimed to determine the incidence of flucloxacillin-induced hepatotoxicity in children receiving IV therapy as well as identify risk factors for this adverse drug reaction. METHODS: We undertook a 2 year retrospective audit of children aged 0-18 years admitted to the Royal Children's Hospital (March 2019 to March 2021) who had liver function tests determined before and after receiving IV flucloxacillin for at least 24 hours duration...

Gender-based medicine is attracting increasing interest every day, but studies on pediatric populations are still limited. In this setting, sex differences among patients undergoing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have not been previously reported. This study investigated the presence of sex differences in parenteral nutrition composition and outcomes among a cohort of pediatric patients admitted at the Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of the Institute for Maternal and Child Health "Burlo Garofolo" of Trieste, Italy...

IMPORTANCE: Critically ill pediatric patients often require parenteral nutrition (PN) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Literature suggests mixed lipid emulsions (LE) with soybean oil reduction strategies may improve outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of a hospital-wide switch to a mixed-lipid formula (4-OLE) with pediatric outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective cohort study at a large US academic referral center...

Objective: To explore the causes and summarize the treatment experience for clinically relevant delayed gastric emptying(DGE) after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD). Methods: The clinical data of 1 000 patients who underwent LPD in the Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University between March 2017 and September 2022 was retrospectively collected. There were 640 males and 360 females,with an age of (60.1±11...