BCGitis in childrens

BACKGROUND: Herein we investigate the difference between Kawasaki disease (KD) with and without a recent history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: We compared the clinical characteristics of patients with KD during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a single children's hospital in Korea. Fifty-two patients were enrolled and divided into group 1 (with a history of COVID-19, n  = 26) and group 2 (without a history of COVID-19, n  = 26) according to whether or not they contracted COVID-19 within the 8 weeks before hospitalization...

Inborn errors of immunity are known to influence susceptibility to mycobacterial infections. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic profile of nine patients with mycobacterial infections (eight with BCGitis and one with disseminated tuberculosis) from the Republic of Moldova using whole-exome sequencing. In total, 12 variants in eight genes known to be associated with Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD) were detected in six out of nine patients examined. In particular, a novel splice site mutation c...

Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in infants under 3 months of age is challenging. This study aimed to confirm the diagnostic efficacy of BCGitis in patients with Kawasaki disease aged <3 months. Overall, 473 children were enrolled; they were grouped by age into group 1 (≤3 months, n = 19) and group 2 (>3 months, n = 454). Data, including clinical features and laboratory results, were analyzed and compared between the groups. In group 1, 89% of patients showed Bacille Calmette-Guérin site reactivation...

Purpose: Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine licensed against tuberculosis. Despite the protection offered by the vaccine, in some circumstances children and immunocompromised individuals can develop associated infections, known as BCGitis. Drug susceptibility patterns of BCG clinical strains have rarely been described. We aimed to describe the susceptibility pattern of BCG clinical strains isolated in two different countries. Methods: We performed culture-based drug susceptibility testing of thirty one BCG strains isolated from patients in Brazil (n=5, 16%) and Argentina (n=26, 84%) using the broth micro-dilution method (phenotypic method)...

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) comprises a heterogeneous group of inherited immunologic disorders with profound defects in cellular and humoral immunity. SCID is the most severe PID and constitutes a pediatric emergency. Affected children are highly susceptible to bacterial, viral, fungal, and opportunistic infections with life-threatening in the absence of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We report here two cases of SCID. The first case is a girl diagnosed with SCID at birth based on her family history and lymphocyte subpopulation typing...

Background and objective: Disseminated BCGitis is a rare but serious complication of BCG vaccine in patients with underlying primary immunodeficiency. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics containing antimycobacterial regimen have been considered in the treatment of disseminated BCGitis, but there are limited data about the dosing, safety, and tolerability of fluoroquinolone such as moxifloxacin in children. The aim of this study was to report the experience with the dosing, safety, and tolerability of moxifloxacin in children with disseminated BCGitis...

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The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is used extensively worldwide, and more than 100 million children are vaccinated each year. This is a live vaccine that protects against severe tuberculosis in children. However, BCG complications, specific to the BCG vaccine, do occur, although the epidemiology differs from one country to another. Nevertheless, these complications are considered to be rare and range from benign local BCGitis to BCGosis, a potentially lethal disseminated disease. Etiologies of BCGitis/BCGosis can be related to the vaccine itself (technical errors, vaccinal strain) or to the patient...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of infantile Kawasaki disease (KD), and to evaluate early diagnostic features of KD in febrile infants. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 64 KD patients from January 2010 to October 2014. There was an analysis of the clinical, laboratory data of the infants versus children groups. Furthermore, the clinical and laboratory data of infantile KD patients were compared with 16 infants who were admitted for other acute febrile diseases...

BACKGROUND: When administered to an immune-compromised patient, BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) can cause disseminated and life-threatening infections. OBJECTIVE: To describe the imaging findings in children with primary immunodeficiency and BCG-related infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the imaging findings of children with primary immunodeficiency treated at a children's hospital during 2012-2014 with localized or disseminated BCG infection...

INTRODUCTION: Kawasaki disease is an acute, self-limiting childhood systemic vasculitis with unknown etiology. Because there is no diagnostic test for Kawasaki disease, the diagnosis is based on clinical criteria. An important clinical sign that is not included in the classical clinical criteria for Kawasaki disease is a reaction at the Bacille Calmette-Guérin inoculation site that are present in about 30-50% of Kawasaki disease patients. THE AIM: of this review was to highlight the usefulness of the inflammation at the Bacille Calmette-Guérin inoculation site for early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, we conducted a literature review on Medline in PubMed area, Google scholar, Magiran and Scientific Information Database using the search terms "Kawasaki disease, Erythema, BCG, inoculation site, children, cardiac complications, coronary artery lesion, aneurysm, incomplete Kawasaki in 2013...

OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we reviewed 44 cases of disseminated BCG infection during a 10-year period in an Iranian referral children medical centre hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, all of the patients with clinical and laboratory findings that were compatible with a diagnosis of disseminated BCG were included. RESULTS: Through 10 years evaluation, 44 patients were found with disseminated BCG disease. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were seen in 68% and 66% of patients, respectively...

In this study, the clinical and immunogenetical features in a cohort of Chinese patients with BCGosis/BCGitis were investigated. For the patients with abnormal immunological functions, Sanger sequencing was used to identify the involved genes. There were 74 confirmed cases of BCGosis/BCGitis during 2007-2012. Classified by infected tissues and organs, no cases only had local infection, 39 patients had a regional infection, 21 patients had a distant infection and 14 patients had a disseminated infection. Thirty-two patients (43...

Allergic reactions to vaccines can be classified as sensitivity to one of the vaccine components, pseudo-allergic reactions, often after hyperimmunization, and exacerbation of atopic symptoms or vasculitis. Pseudo-allergic reactions, some possibly due to hyperimmunization, are probably more common than true allergies. Atopic reactions should not be confused with the "flash" phenomenon, defined as an exacerbation of an allergic reaction due to a reduction in the allergic reactivity threshold following the vaccine injection...

Disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection (BCGitis) is an uncommon condition which is usually associated with primary immunodeficiency. Skin histopathology findings have been described in rare cases only. A retrospective clinicopathological study was performed to assess the potential utility of skin biopsies in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of these patients. Four cases of disseminated BCGitis in children with Severe Combined ImmunoDeficiency were biopsied before and after Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)...

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is occasionally associated with lymphadenitis, called BCGitis, and only rarely can it occur in the setting of immunodeficiency. We report six cases of BCGitis admitted to our hospital (2005-7) for surgical treatment: five were male, in all cases BCG was given at birth; median age at presentation was 5.5 months. Three children had spontaneous drainage, and one child had two lymph node regions involved (axillary and supraclavicular). Five required surgical drainage due to suppuration or persistence of lymphadenopathy...

Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine, which is administered to all newborns in some regions, could lead to serious complication ranging from local disease (known as BCGitis) to disseminated disease (BCGosis) in a group of patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. We are reporting here a 3.5 year-old girl with a history of prolonged BCGitis, which developed to disseminated disease without any other special features. Immunological studies with nitro-blue tetrazolium test confirmed the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease in this patient...

Pyogenic liver abscesses are rare in children but relatively common in those with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). We present a case of a 2 year old boy who initially presented with BCGitis and Staphylococcus aureus cervical adenitis, and then subsequently developed liver abscesses. A diagnosis of X-linked CGD was confirmed. This case demonstrates the typical radiological features of liver abscesses in CGD, its management without surgical intervention, and the increasingly recognised complications of BCG vaccination in CGD...

INTRODUCTION: Environmental non tuberculous mycobacteria and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccines are weakly virulent mycobacteria. Nevertheless they may cause severe diseases in otherwise healthy children with no overt immunodeficiency. Parental consanguinity and familial forms are frequently observed among these patients, therefore this syndrome was named "Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease". STATE OF THE ART: In the last nine years, fife genes have been found to be mutated in patients with this syndrome: IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, IL12B, IL12RB1...