cryptoccocal meningitis

BACKGROUND: Cryptoccocal infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease (AHD). In resource-limited settings, there is a paucity of data on cryptoccocal infections. We described the prevalence and factors associated with cryptoccocal antigenemia among people with AHD in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Uganda. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data on sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of adults with AHD were collected, and factors associated with cryptoccocal antigenemia were determined using multivariate logistic regression models...

BACKGROUND: Cryptoccocal meningitis continues to present high incidence among AIDS patients. The treatment of choice is the synergistic combination of flucytosine (5-FC) with amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBd) or its lipid formulations. However, 5-FC is unavailable in many countries and AmB demands hospitalization. The combination of AmB with the fungistatic fluconazole (FLC) or the use of high FLC daily doses alone became the choice. Nonetheless, sterilization of cerebrospinal fluid is delayed with FLC monotherapy, mainly with high fungal burden...

BACKGROUND: Mortality from cryptoccocal meningitis remains high. The ACTA trial demonstrated that, compared with 2 weeks of amphotericin B (AmB) plus flucystosine (5FC), 1 week of AmB and 5FC was associated with lower mortality and 2 weeks of oral flucanozole (FLU) plus 5FC was non-inferior. Here, we assess the cost-effectiveness of these different treatment courses. METHODS: Participants were randomized in a ratio of 2:1:1:1:1 to 2 weeks of oral 5FC and FLU, 1 week of AmB and FLU, 1 week of AmB and 5FC, 2 weeks of AmB and FLU, or 2 weeks of AmB and 5FC in Malawi, Zambia, Cameroon, and Tanzania...

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is life threatening fungal infection of central nervous system (CNS). Although it is commonly associated with immunosuppression but rarely it can occur in immune competent patient. We report a case of 21 year old non HIV infected girl. Based on initial diagnoses of tuberculosis Bacillus meningitis (TBM), she was started on anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). However failure to respond to treatment prompted a quest for alternative diagnosis. A final Diagnosis of CM was confirmed on latex agglutination antigen detection on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis...

Cryptococcal meningitis is a mycosis encountered especially in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and is fatal in the absence of treatment. Information on epidemiology, diagnosis and susceptibility profile to antifungal drugs, are scarce in Cameroon. Authors evaluated the diagnosis possibilities of the cryptococcal meningitis in Cameroon, and studied the antifungal susceptibility of isolated strains to fluconazole, used as first line treatment of the disease in Cameroon. Between December 2009 and July 2011, 146 cerebrospinal fluids obtained from HIV patients with suspicion of meningitis were analysed...

Infectious Disease Case Report PostersSESSION TYPE: Affiliate Case Report PosterPRESENTED ON: Tuesday, October 28, 2014 at 01:30 PM - 02:30 PMINTRODUCTION: A high index of suspicion is critical for diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcal infection in immunocompetent patients. Occasionally, just a radiological demonstration of a non-specific peripheral pulmonary opacity may draw attention to the disease. We report a rare case of 51-year old non-HIV female who presented with headaches and pulmonary mass and was diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcal infection...

BACKGROUND: Cryptococcus spp. are saprophytic and opportunistic fungal pathogens that are known to cause severe disease in immunocompromised animals. In goats there are reports of clinical cryptococcal pneumonia and mastitis but not of meningitis. CASE PRESENTATION: The following report describes a case of a five year old buck showing severe neurological signs, including paraplegia and strong pain reaction to touch of the hindquarters region. Treatment with antibiotics was unsuccessful and the animal was euthanized for humanitarian reasons...

Cryptococcus neoformans is a leading cause of invasive cryptoccocal infections which include meningitis/meningoencephalitis, cerebral cryptococcoma, invasive pulmonary and mediastinal infection. Invasive infection is mainly diagnosed in immunocompromised patients, especially in HIV-infected individuals. There is a rising number of patients with invasive cryptococcal infections in immunocompromised patients who are HIV-negative. Among several primary immunodeficiency syndromes, considered as possible reasons for these invasive infections, idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia (ICL) is most frequently diagnosed...

Opportunistic infections usually occur in patients with an immunocompromised state, and can be severe. Cryptoccocal meningitis is a fatal condition if left untreated, and is usually found in such patients. We report the case of an adult patient with cryptoccocal meningitis secondary to intestinal lymphangiectasia. A 30 year old female was admitted to our hospital for meningitis. Biochemical and radiological investigations were performed. A cerebrospinal fluid latex agglutination test showed positive cryptoccocal antigen...

OBJECTIVE: The authors had for aim to describe the management of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV infected adults, in Ivory Coast. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was made from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2008 on the files of consecutive hospitalized patients presenting with cryptococcal meningitis, at the Treichville University Hospital, Infectious and tropical diseases department (Abidjan). The socio-demographic, clinical, and biological aspects as well as the outcome were analyzed...

Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of life threatening meningoencephalitis in HIV-infected patients. Diagnosis is based on tests for cryptoccocal antigen in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and on culture of the organism. We present a case of AIDS-related cryptococcal meningoencephalitis unresponsive to antifungal combination therapy, despite of evidence of fungal susceptibility in vitro. Significant decreases in cryptococcal antigen titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid did not correlate with progress in disease and fatal outcome...

OBJECTIVE: To study survival time and risk factors of mortality among HIV-infected patients who had cryptococcal meningitis. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Patients' medical records of those who had HIV-infection with newly diagnosed cryptoccocal meningitis between January 2002 and December 2004 were reviewed. Each patient was classified into one of two groups, according to their anti-retroviral status (ART). RESULTS: Five hundred and forty nine patients enrolled in the present study: 281 (51...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the change of incidence and prevalence of neurological disorders caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opportunistic infections in HIV positive patients under treatment since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: The data of all HIV infected patients were retrospectively analysed, who were examined in the HIV outpatients clinic of the neurological department of the University Clinic Essen between 1995 and 1998 (n=563, total number of visits=735)...