Emergency Medicine India

BACKGROUND: Herbal nanoparticles are made from natural herbs/medicinal plants, their extracts, or a combination with other nanoparticle carriers. Compared to traditional herbs, herbal nanoparticles lead to improved bioavailability, enhanced stability, and reduced toxicity. Previous research indicates that herbal medicine nanomaterials are rapidly advancing and making significant progress; however, bibliometric analysis and knowledge mapping for herbal nanoparticles are currently lacking...

BACKGROUND: Septic melioidosis is associated with high mortality in resource-limited settings. The current study aims to find 28-d all-cause mortality predictors within 24 h of admission in melioidosis patients presenting to an emergency department. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study (2018-2022) included melioidosis patients divided into two groups based on their primary outcomes (28-d mortality). All the clinically relevant factors significant in univariate analysis were selected for binary logistic regression analysis...

Glanders is a highly infectious and notifiable disease of equines that occurs due to Burkholderia mallei . In India, glanders re-emerged in 2006 and thereafter regular outbreaks have been reported in various states ( n  = 14). Frequent and prolonged contact with equids with glanders may transmit B. mallei infection to humans. This study was designed to learn more about the Knowledge, Awareness and Perception (KAP) of veterinarians, para veterinarians, and physicians about equine glanders, which will help in enhancing the nation-wide glanders eradication programme...

BACKGROUND: Self-directed learning (SDL) is an essential aspect of adult education or andragogy, gaining significance in medical education with the introduction of competency-based medical education. The primary objective of this study is to assess the self-directed learning abilities of second-year medical undergraduates in Chennai, South India, and to identify potential challenges and gaps in their learning process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 82 second-year medical students attending self-directed learning sessions at a medical college in Chennai...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic patients are at higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. NT-proBNP levels measurements are useful for the assessment of risk in heart failure patients in emergency condition and give the faster result. Further, it also offers lower cost and unnecessary hospitalization and follow-up cost. The studies have shown that NT-proBNP levels are a direct predictor of outcome risk in diabetic patients with heart failure. The objective of this research was to study the role of NT-proBNP levels to determine the severity of heart failure in diabetic patients...

BACKGROUND: Psychological morbidities are one of the emerging global health problems. It affects a considerable number of ante-natal women leading to consequences during the postnatal period as well. We conducted this research to study the magnitude and determinants of psychological morbidities during pregnancy. METHODS: In this study, we included 650 pregnant women from an established cohort of 2500 pregnant women and assessed the psychological morbidities among them using the GMHAT/PC tool...

PURPOSE: Intermittent or concurrent use of Complementary and Alternative medicines (CAM) with insulin may have adverse effects in children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM). This study explores the practices of CAM use in children with T1DM. METHODS: An exploratory study was conducted among parents of children with T1DM attending a tertiary-level diabetes clinic. Data were collected using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. RESULTS: Two-hundred parents were invited; 183 (91...

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: The Omicron sub-lineages are known to have higher infectivity, immune escape and lower virulence. During December 2022 - January 2023 and March - April 2023, India witnessed increased SARS-CoV-2 infections, mostly due to newer Omicron sub-lineages. With this unprecedented rise in cases, we assessed the neutralization potential of individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV (Covishield) and BBV152 (Covaxin) against emerging Omicron sub-lineages. METHODS: Neutralizing antibody responses were measured in the sera collected from individuals six months post-two doses (n=88) of Covishield (n=44) or Covaxin (n=44) and post-three doses (n=102) of Covishield (n=46) or Covaxin (n=56) booster dose against prototype B...

AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the adaptation of caregivers of individuals on mechanical ventilation (MV) at home to their caregiver role. STUDY DESIGN: The phenomenological research method, one of the qualitative research methods, was employed in the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 21 individuals who agreed to participate in the research. Necessary legal permissions were obtained to conduct the study. RESULTS: The data were analyzed according to the Roy adaptation model (RAM)...

Pediatric neuroimaging presents a unique set of challenges, primarily stemming from the intricacies of normal myelination processes occurring within the initial two years of life. This complexity is particularly pronounced in the context of pediatric epilepsy, where a substantial proportion of neuroimaging cases appears normal, especially in instances of idiopathic or provoked seizures. Nevertheless, abnormalities in neuroimaging tend to manifest in cases of acute or remote symptomatic seizures. Notably, the etiological landscape of seizures in children diverges significantly from that observed in adults, with neurodevelopmental, neurometabolic, and neuro-infectious factors emerging as predominant contributors...

BACKGROUND: Conducting oral treatment early in the disease course, is encouraged for better health outcomes. Obtaining informed consent is an essential part of medical practice, protecting the legal rights of patients and guiding the ethical practice of medicine. In practice, consent means different things in different contexts. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Silver Fluoride (SF) is becoming popular and cost effective methods to manage carious lesions, however, cause black discolouration of lesions treated...

Nanotechnology and nanomaterials have swiftly influenced wound healing, propelling the development of wound-healing nanomaterials. Therefore, it's crucial to gather essential information about prominent researches in this domain. Moreover, identifying primary directions and related frontiers in wound healing and nanomaterials is paramount. This will enhance our comprehension of the current research landscape and foster progress in this field. Retrieved from the Web of Science core database, a total of 838 relevant studies published from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed through bibliometric visualization tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrics Online Analysis Platform...

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) poses a substantial and increasing public health concern in India, particularly among individuals aged 20 and above. The postoperative phase following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery presents potential complications, notably impacting the pulmonary system. Emerging evidence suggests that the Buteyko breathing technique not only improves lung function but also positively influences the psychological well-being of CABG patients. This study seeks to assess the impact of the Buteyko breathing technique on pulmonary functions in individuals who have undergone off-pump CABG...

BACKGROUND: Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score is the most widely used clinical score for the initial assessment of neurologically injured patients and is also frequently used for prognostication. Other scores such as the Full Outline of UnResponsivness (FOUR) score and the Glasgow Coma Scale-Pupils (GCS-P) score have been more recently developed and are gaining popularity. This prospective cohort study was conducted to compare various scores in terms of their ability to predict outcomes at 3 months in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI)...

BACKGROUND: The main objective is to detect clinically significant conditions by transcranial ultrasound (TCS) in post-decompressive craniectomy (DC) patients who come to the emergency department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study. We studied 40 post-DC patients. After primary stabilization, TCS was done. Computer tomography of head was done within 2 hours of performing TCS. The correlation between both modalities were assessed by the measurement of lateral ventricle (LV) (Bland-Altman plot), Midline shift and mass lesion...

Spatial analysis of infectious diseases can play an important role in mapping the spread of diseases and can support policy making at local level. Moreover, identification of disease clusters based on local geography and landscape forms the basis for disease control and prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the spatial-temporal variations, hotspot areas, and potential risk factors of infectious diseases (including Viral Hepatitis, Typhoid and Diarrhea) in Ahmedabad city of India. We used Moran's I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) mapping to detect spatial clustering of diseases...

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), an RNA virus transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, primarily cycles between aquatic birds and mosquitoes with pigs as amplifying hosts, posing a significant global encephalitis threat. The emergence and spread of the JEV in new epidemiological regions, such as recent cases in Australia and nonendemic areas like Pune, India, raise significant concerns. With an estimated 68 000 clinical cases and 13 600 to 20 400 deaths annually, JEV poses a substantial global health threat...

Nanomedicine, an interdisciplinary field combining nanotechnology and medicine, has gained immense attention in recent years due to its potential in revolutionizing healthcare. India, being an emerging hub for scientific research and development, has made significant strides in nanomedicine research. This special issue is dedicated to the exciting research that are being conducted by the leading Indian scientists in various Indian institutions. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies...

Sharing of resources is a common feature of human societies. Yet, there is substantial societal variation in children's generosity, and this variation emerges during middle childhood. Societal differences in self-construal orientation may be one factor influencing the ontogeny of generosity. Here, we examine anonymous Dictator Game sharing in 7-and-8-year-olds from two distinct societies: India and the UK (N = 180). We used self-construal manipulations to investigate whether priming self- or other-focused conversations would differentially influence children's generosity...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the top three causes of mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency in COPD has been associated with poor lung function and decreased muscle power, which further increases the risk of exacerbations. The role of vitamin D in preventing acute exacerbations of COPD has conflicting results in the literature. Hence, we planned this study to assess the relationship between vitamin D3 levels and the risk of acute exacerbations among COPD patients in a tertiary care center in north India...