keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530862/rilpivirine-and-cabotegravir-trough-concentrations-in-people-with-hiv-on-long-term-treatment-with-long-acting-injectable-antiretrovirals
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Vittoria Cossu, Dario Cattaneo, Davide Moschese, Andrea Giacomelli, Sara Soloperto, Antonio D'Avolio, Spinello Antinori, Andrea Gori, Giuliano Rizzardini, Cristina Gervasoni
OBJECTIVE: Large inter-individual variability in the pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine and cabotegravir has been reported in the first weeks after starting long-acting injectable (LAI) therapy. Here, we assessed the distribution of rilpivirine and cabotegravir trough concentrations in people with HIV (PWH) on long-term LAI treatment. METHODS: Adult PWH treated with LAI for at least 32 weeks with an assessment of drug plasma trough concentrations were considered...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530856/identification-of-macaque-dendritic-cell-precursors-in-blood-and-tissue-reveals-their-dysregulation-in-early-siv-infection
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margaux Gardet, Oscar Haigh, Florian Meurisse, Sixtine Coindre, Nastasia Dimant, Delphine Desjardins, Christine Bourgeois, Cecile Goujard, Bruno Vaslin, Francis Relouzat, Roger Le Grand, Olivier Lambotte, Benoit Favier
Distinct dendritic cell (DC) subsets play important roles in shaping immune responses. Circulating DC precursors (pre-DCs) are more susceptible to HIV infection in vitro, which may explain the inefficiency of immune responses against HIV. However, the interplay between HIV and pre-DC is not defined in vivo. We identify human pre-DC equivalents in the cynomolgus macaque and then analyze their dynamics during simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection to illustrate a sharp decrease of blood pre-DCs in early SIV infection and accumulation in lymph nodes (LNs), where they neglect to upregulate CD83/CD86 or MHC-II...
March 25, 2024: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530845/differential-carbonic-anhydrase-activities-control-ebv-induced-b-cell-transformation-and-lytic-cycle-reactivation
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samaresh Malik, Joyanta Biswas, Purandar Sarkar, Subhadeep Nag, Chandrima Gain, Shatadru Ghosh Roy, Bireswar Bhattacharya, Dipanjan Ghosh, Abhik Saha
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to ~1% of all human cancers including several B-cell neoplasms. A characteristic feature of EBV life cycle is its ability to transform metabolically quiescent B-lymphocytes into hyperproliferating B-cell blasts with the establishment of viral latency, while intermittent lytic cycle induction is necessary for the production of progeny virus. Our RNA-Seq analyses of both latently infected naïve B-lymphocytes and transformed B-lymphocytes upon lytic cycle replication indicate a contrasting expression pattern of a membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform CA9, an essential component for maintaining cell acid-base homeostasis...
March 26, 2024: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530799/regional-european-genetic-ancestry-predicts-type-i-interferon-level-and-risk-of-severe-viral-infection
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ilona Nln, Justine Shum, Yogita Ghodke-Puranik, Regine Tipon, Danielle Triese, Shreyasee Amin, Ashima Makol, Thomas Osborn, Vaidehi Chowdhary, Uma Thanarajasingam, Theresa L Wampler Muskardin, Vilija Oke, Iva Gunnarsson, Agneta Zickert, Maria I Zervou, Dimitrios T Boumpas, Elisabet Svenungsson, George N Goulielmos, Timothy B Niewold
BACKGROUND: Viral infection outcomes vary widely between individuals, ranging from mild symptoms to severe organ failure and death, and it is clear that host genetic factors play a role in this variability. Type I interferon (IFN) is a critical anti-viral cytokine, and we have previously noted differences in type I IFN levels between world populations. METHODS: In this study, we investigate the interrelationship between regional European genetic ancestry, type I IFN levels, and severe viral infection outcomes...
March 26, 2024: QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530743/risk-factors-and-mortality-outcomes-of-covid-19-in-people-living-with-hiv-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mahmoud Kandeel
This study was performed to reveal the risk factors associated with mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV) who were diagnosed with COVID-19. Studies reporting deaths among PLHIV and infected with SARS-CoV-2 were investigated. After protocol setup and registration, the extracted sources were categorized and assessed for quality. This study examined ten articles with a total of 46,136 patients. Patients aged ≥ 60 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.617, 3.050; p < 0.001), male (HR = 1.668; 95% CI: 1...
2024: AIDS Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530103/prevalence-of-bacterial-codetection-and-outcomes-for-infants-intubated-for-respiratory-infections
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Todd Karsies, Steven L Shein, Franco Diaz, Pablo Vasquez-Hoyos, Robin Alexander, Steven Pon, Sebastián González-Dambrauskas
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of respiratory bacterial codetection in children younger than 2 years intubated for acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), primarily viral bronchiolitis, and identify the association of codetection with mechanical ventilation duration. DESIGN: Prospective observational study evaluating the prevalence of bacterial codetection (moderate/heavy growth of pathogenic bacterial plus moderate/many polymorphonuclear neutrophils) and the impact of codetection on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) duration...
March 26, 2024: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530082/extracellular-vesicles-loaded-with-long-antisense-rnas-repress-severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2-infection
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adi Idris, Surya Shrivastava, Aroon Supramaniam, Roslyn M Ray, Galina Shevchenko, Dhruba Acharya, Nigel A J McMillan, Kevin V Morris
Long antisense RNAs (asRNAs) have been observed to repress HIV and other virus expression in a manner that is refractory to viral evolution. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, has a distinct ability to evolve resistance around antibody targeting, as was evident from the emergence of various SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody variants. Importantly, the effectiveness of current antivirals is waning due to the rapid emergence of new variants of concern, more recently the omicron variant...
March 26, 2024: Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530032/ifn-%C3%AE-drives-distinct-lung-immune-landscape-changes-and-antiviral-responses-in-human-metapneumovirus-infection
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jorna Sojati, Olivia B Parks, Yu Zhang, Sara Walters, Jie Lan, Taylor Eddens, Dequan Lou, Li Fan, Kong Chen, Tim D Oury, John V Williams
UNLABELLED: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a primary cause of acute respiratory infection, yet there are no approved vaccines or antiviral therapies for HMPV. Early host responses to HMPV are poorly characterized, and further understanding could identify important antiviral pathways. Type III interferon (IFN-λ) displays potent antiviral activity against respiratory viruses and is being investigated for therapeutic use. However, its role in HMPV infection remains largely unknown...
March 26, 2024: MBio
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529912/central-nervous-system-infections-in-the-tropics
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angel Miraclin T, Bhagteshwar Singh, Priscilla Rupali
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The reasons for this are myriad; climate change, rainfall, deforestation, increased vector density combined with poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene. This review focuses on pathogens, which have emerged and re-emerged, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS: In recent years, multiple acute encephalitis outbreaks have been caused Nipah, which carries a high case fatality...
March 27, 2024: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529865/-factors-of-the-hemostasis-system-as-biomarkers-of-severe-course-of-acute-viral-infections
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
N V Skripchenko, L A Alekseeva, G F Zheleznikova, E Yu Skripchenko, T V Bessonova, A A Zhirkov
The authors give literature review of hemostasis and immune system factors intraction as main biomarkers of a severe cause of viral infectious diseases. Pro-inflamatory cytokines as the main markers of inflammation, can serve both as biomarkers of the clinical severity of the infectious process and reflect the state of the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems, since components of these systems are present in various structures of the central nervous system and affect the development of neurons and synaptic plasticity...
2024: Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529832/desialylation-by-neuraminidases-in-platelets-kiss-of-death-or-bittersweet
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nora Butta, Dianne E van der Wal
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Loss of surface sialic acid by neuraminidases is known as 'desialylation'. Platelets are desialylated in bacterial or viral infections, during storage, senescence, various mutations, platelet auto antibodies, hemostasis and shear stress. In this review the recent literature on the different sialic acid capped glycan structures will be covered as well as platelet desialylation in inherited glycan disorders and induced by external neuraminidases. RECENT FINDINGS: Neuraminidases are released from platelet intracellular stores and translocated to the platelet surface...
March 22, 2024: Current Opinion in Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529804/infectious-mononucleosis-new-concepts-in-clinical-presentation-epidemiology-and-host-response
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patrick Naughton, Frances Enright, Brigid Lucey
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is an infectious disease that presents clinically in only a small percentage of individuals despite almost universal infection with the causative agent. Here, we review the latest concepts in the clinical presentation, epidemiology, and host response of this disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Several recently published papers/reviews describe IM as a condition caused by one of several etiologic agents including, cytomegalovirus (HHV-5), Roseola virus (HHV-6) and Toxoplasmosis amongst others; this review focuses on IM as solely caused by the human herpes virus 4 (HHV-4)...
March 27, 2024: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529717/a-tag-free-platform-for-synthesis-and-screening-of-cyclic-peptide-libraries
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angele Bruce, Victor Adebomi, Patrick Czabala, Jonathan Palmer, Gaurav Bhardwaj, Monika Raj, William M McFadden, Zachary C Lorson, Ryan L Slack, S G Sarafianos
In the realm of high-throughput screening (HTS), macrocyclic peptide libraries traditionally necessitate decoding tags, essential for both library synthesis and identifying hit peptide sequences post-screening. Our innovation introduces a tag-free technology platform for synthesizing cyclic peptide libraries in solution and facilitates screening against biological targets to identify peptide binders through unconventional intramolecular CyClick and DeClick Chemistries (CCDC) discovered within our research. This combination allows for the synthesis of diverse cyclic peptide libraries, the incorporation of various amino acids, and facile linearization and decoding of cyclic peptide binder sequences...
March 26, 2024: Angewandte Chemie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529542/the-antiviral-potential-of-the-antiandrogen-enzalutamide-and-the-viral-androgen-signaling-interplay-in-seasonal-coronaviruses
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oluwadamilola D Ogunjinmi, Tukur Abdullahi, Riaz-Ali Somji, Charlotte L Bevan, Wendy S Barclay, Nigel Temperton, Greg N Brooke, Efstathios S Giotis
The sex disparity in COVID-19 outcomes with males generally faring worse than females has been associated with the androgen-regulated expression of the protease TMPRSS2 and the cell receptor ACE2 in the lung and fueled interest in antiandrogens as potential antivirals. In this study, we explored enzalutamide, an antiandrogen used commonly to treat prostate cancer, as a potential antiviral against the human coronaviruses which cause seasonal respiratory infections (HCoV-NL63, -229E, and -OC43). Using lentivirus-pseudotyped and authentic HCoV, we report that enzalutamide reduced 229E and NL63 entry and infection in both TMPRSS2- and nonexpressing immortalized cells, suggesting a TMPRSS2-independent mechanism...
March 2024: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529536/clinico-epidemiological-presentations-and-management-of-nipah-virus-infection-during-the-outbreak-in-kozhikode-district-kerala-state-india-2023
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anoop Kumar As, Rima R Sahay, Chandni Radhakrishnan, Shihabudheen P, Sathishkumar Kandath, Deepak Y Patil, Anita M Shete, Shamsudheen M, Gayathri Ramakrishnan, Anitha Puduvail Moorkoth, Nivedita Gupta, Pragya D Yadav, Sheela Godbole, Lathika Velichapat Ramakrishnan, Shameer Vadekkandiyil, Danish Ekkalayil, Nithasha V, Anukumar Balakrishnan, Niyas K Pullor, Neelakandhan Asokan, Reena Kalathil Joseph, Priyanka R Nair, Sreejayan Meethale Purayil, Thomas Mathew, Rajaram Kizhakkekandiyil, Jayesh Kumar Poovullathil, Kannan Sabarinath Ps, Ullas Pt, Kalpana George, Asma Rahim, Surendra Kumar, Siba S, Sreelekshmy Mohandas, Lekshmi S Rajan, Shamin Punnath Ramachandran, Seethu Ponnu Thampi, Ashadevi, Thekkumkara Surendran Anish, Priya Chandran, Anuja Mohan, Bindu Vadakkayil, Shaji Cheriya Koroth, Nimin Hafeez, Rajasi Ranjini Sasi, Minu Abraham
India experienced its sixth Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in September 2023 in the Kozhikode district of Kerala state. The NiV is primarily transmitted by spillover events from infected bats followed by human-to-human transmission. The clinical specimens were screened using real-time RT-PCR, and positive specimens were further characterized using next-generation sequencing. We describe here an in-depth clinical presentation and management of NiV-confirmed cases and outbreak containment activities. The current outbreak reported a total of six cases with two deaths, with a case fatality ratio of 33...
March 2024: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529474/pad-mediated-citrullination-is-a-novel-candidate-diagnostic-marker-and-druggable-target-for-hpv-associated-cervical-cancer
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Camilla Albano, Matteo Biolatti, Jasenka Mazibrada, Selina Pasquero, Francesca Gugliesi, Irene Lo Cigno, Federica Calati, Greta Bajetto, Giuseppe Riva, Gloria Griffante, Santo Landolfo, Marisa Gariglio, Marco De Andrea, Valentina Dell'Oste
Citrullination is an emerging post-translational modification catalyzed by peptidyl-arginine deiminases (PADs) that convert peptidyl-arginine into peptidyl-citrulline. In humans, the PAD family consists of five isozymes (PADs 1-4, 6) involved in multiple diseases, including cancer. Given that high-risk (hr) human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiological agents of cervical cancer, in this study, we sought to determine whether PAD-mediated protein citrullination would play a functional role in the HPV-driven transformation of epithelial cells...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529426/pattern-of-antibiotic-use-among-children-with-acute-respiratory-infections-in-saudi-arabia-clinical-assessment
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nehal Mejze Jeza Alharbi, Noha Farouk Tashkandi, Asma Mohammad Banjar, Asmaa Yassir Alotaibi, Sarah Al-Harbi, Anas Mohammed Ahmed Alqarni, Younis Abdulrahman Alharbi, Haneen H Alkenani, Abdulraoof Abdulrhman Bokhari
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the common clinical diagnoses and treatment management of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children and determine when antibiotics are recommended and prescribed. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical charts was carried out at King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City (KSAMC) Hospital to assess pediatric patients diagnosed with ARIs aged 0-14 years, excluding those requiring antibiotics for conditions other than ARIs...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529358/-helicobacter-pylori-persistent-infection-burden-and-structural-brain-imaging-markers
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
May A Beydoun, Hind A Beydoun, Yi-Han Hu, Ziad W El-Hajj, Michael F Georgescu, Nicole Noren Hooten, Zhiguang Li, Jordan Weiss, Donald M Lyall, Shari R Waldstein, Dawson W Hedges, Shawn D Gale, Lenore J Launer, Michele K Evans, Alan B Zonderman
Persistent infections, whether viral, bacterial or parasitic, including Helicobacter pylori infection, have been implicated in non-communicable diseases, including dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this cross-sectional study, data on 635 cognitively normal participants from the UK Biobank study (2006-21, age range: 40-70 years) were used to examine whether H. pylori seropositivity (e.g. presence of antibodies), serointensities of five H. pylori antigens and a measure of total persistent infection burden were associated with selected brain volumetric structural MRI (total, white, grey matter, frontal grey matter (left/right), white matter hyperintensity as percent intracranial volume and bi-lateral sub-cortical volumes) and diffusion-weighted MRI measures (global and tract-specific bi-lateral fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity), after an average 9-10 years of lag time...
2024: Brain communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529320/single-cell-analysis-of-lung-lymphatic-endothelial-cells-and-lymphatic-responses-during-influenza-infection
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jian Ge, Hongxia Shao, Hongxu Ding, Yuefeng Huang, Xuebing Wu, Jie Sun, Jianwen Que
Tissue lymphatic vessels network plays critical roles in immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis in response to pathogen invasion, but how lymphatic system per se is remolded during infection is less understood. Here, we observed that influenza infection induces a significant increase of lymphatic vessel numbers in the lung, accompanied with extensive proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Single-cell RNA sequencing illustrated the heterogeneity of LECs, identifying a novel PD-L1+ subpopulation that is present during viral infection but not at steady state...
March 2024: J Respir Biol Transl Med
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529285/exploring-type-i-interferon-pathway-virulent-vs-attenuated-strain-of-african-swine-fever-virus-revealing-a-novel-function-carried-by-mgf505-4r
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juliette Dupré, Mireille Le Dimna, Evelyne Hutet, Pascal Dujardin, Aurore Fablet, Aurélien Leroy, Isabelle Fleurot, Grégory Karadjian, Ferdinand Roesch, Ignacio Caballero, Olivier Bourry, Damien Vitour, Marie-Frédérique Le Potier, Grégory Caignard
African swine fever virus represents a significant reemerging threat to livestock populations, as its incidence and geographic distribution have surged over the past decade in Europe, Asia, and Caribbean, resulting in substantial socio-economic burdens and adverse effects on animal health and welfare. In a previous report, we described the protective properties of our newly thermo-attenuated strain (ASFV-989) in pigs against an experimental infection of its parental Georgia 2007/1 virulent strain. In this new study, our objective was to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the attenuation of ASFV-989...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
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