keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468038/fractals-pattern-recognition-memetics-and-ai-a-personal-journal-in-the-computational-neurosurgery
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Di Ieva
In this chapter, the personal journey of the author in many countries, including Italy, Germany, Austria, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, the United States, Canada, and Australia, is summarized, aimed to merge different translational fields (such as neurosurgery and the clinical neurosciences in general, biomedical engineering, mathematics, computer science, and cognitive sciences) and lay the foundations of a new field defined computational neurosurgery, with fractals, pattern recognition, memetics, and artificial intelligence as the common key words of the journey...
2024: Advances in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468037/fractal-analysis-in-clinical-neurosciences-an-overview
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Di Ieva
Over the last years, fractals have entered into the realms of clinical neurosciences. The whole brain and its components (i.e., neurons and astrocytes) have been studied as fractal objects, and even more relevant, the fractal-based quantification of the geometrical complexity of histopathological and neuroradiological images as well as neurophysiopathological time series has suggested the existence of a gradient in the pattern representation of neurological diseases. Computational fractal-based parameters have been suggested as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in different brain diseases, including brain tumors, neurodegeneration, epilepsy, demyelinating diseases, cerebrovascular malformations, and psychiatric disorders as well...
2024: Advances in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468031/morphology-and-fractal-based-classifications-of-neurons-and-microglia-in-two-and-three-dimensions
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Audrey L Karperien, Herbert F Jelinek
Microglia and neurons live physically intertwined, intimately related structurally and functionally in a dynamic relationship in which microglia change continuously over a much shorter timescale than do neurons. Although microglia may unwind and depart from the neurons they attend under certain circumstances, in general, together both contribute to the fractal topology of the brain that defines its computational capabilities. Both neuronal and microglial morphologies are well-described using fractal analysis complementary to more traditional measures...
2024: Advances in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468025/the-fractal-geometry-of-the-brain-anoverview
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Di Ieva
The first chapter of this book introduces some history, philosophy, and basic concepts of fractal geometry and discusses how the neurosciences can benefit from applying computational fractal-based analysis. Further, it compares fractal with Euclidean approaches to analyzing and quantifying the brain in its entire physiopathological spectrum and presents an overview of the first section of this book as well.
2024: Advances in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38460470/physical-activity-related-individual-differences-in-functional-human-connectome-are-linked-to-fluid-intelligence-in-older-adults
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dominika M Pindus, Meishan Ai, Laura Chaddock-Heyman, Agnieszka Z Burzynska, Neha P Gothe, Elizabeth A Salerno, Jason Fanning, Sheeba R A Arnold Anteraper, Alfonso N Castanon, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Charles H Hillman, Edward McAuley, Arthur F Kramer
The study examined resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MV-PA), sedentary time (ST), TV viewing, computer use, and their relationship to cognitive performance in older adults. We used pre-intervention data from 119 participants from the Fit & Active Seniors trial. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed two seeds associated with MV-PA: right superior frontal gyrus (SFG; spanning frontoparietal [FPN] and ventral attention networks [VAN]) and right precentral (PrG) and postcentral gyri (PoG) of the somatosensory network (SN)...
February 8, 2024: Neurobiology of Aging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38460004/neural-correlates-of-model-based-behavior-in%C3%A2-internet-gaming-disorder-and-alcohol-use%C3%A2-disorder
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mina Kwon, Hangnyoung Choi, Harhim Park, Woo-Young Ahn, Young-Chul Jung
BACKGROUND: An imbalance between model-based and model-free decision-making systems is a common feature in addictive disorders. However, little is known about whether similar decision-making deficits appear in internet gaming disorder (IGD). This study compared neurocognitive features associated with model-based and model-free systems in IGD and alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHOD: Participants diagnosed with IGD (n = 22) and AUD (n = 22), and healthy controls (n = 30) performed the two-stage task inside the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner...
March 8, 2024: Journal of Behavioral Addictions
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38431152/neural-correlates-of-the-addictions-neuroclinical-assessment-ana-incentive-salience-factor-among-individuals-with-alcohol-use-disorder
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Steven J Nieto, Erica N Grodin, Lara A Ray
The Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) is a recently-developed framework offering a more holistic understanding of three neurofunctional and behavioral domains that reflect the neurobiological dysfunction seen in alcohol use disorder (AUD). While the ANA domains have been well-validated across independent laboratories, there is a critical need to identify neural markers that subserve the proposed neurofunctional domains. The current study involves secondary data analysis of a two-week experimental medication trial of ibudilast (50mg BID)...
February 29, 2024: Behavioural Brain Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38429297/neurobiologically-realistic-neural-network-enables-cross-scale-modeling-of-neural-dynamics
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yin-Jui Chang, Yuan-I Chen, Hsin-Chih Yeh, Samantha R Santacruz
Fundamental principles underlying computation in multi-scale brain networks illustrate how multiple brain areas and their coordinated activity give rise to complex cognitive functions. Whereas brain activity has been studied at the micro- to meso-scale to reveal the connections between the dynamical patterns and the behaviors, investigations of neural population dynamics are mainly limited to single-scale analysis. Our goal is to develop a cross-scale dynamical model for the collective activity of neuronal populations...
March 1, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38428170/the-generative-neural-microdynamics-of-cognitive-processing
#29
REVIEW
Daniel C McNamee
The entorhinal cortex and hippocampus form a recurrent network that informs many cognitive processes, including memory, planning, navigation, and imagination. Neural recordings from these regions reveal spatially organized population codes corresponding to external environments and abstract spaces. Aligning the former cognitive functionalities with the latter neural phenomena is a central challenge in understanding the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit (EHC). Disparate experiments demonstrate a surprising level of complexity and apparent disorder in the intricate spatiotemporal dynamics of sequential non-local hippocampal reactivations, which occur particularly, though not exclusively, during immobile pauses and rest...
April 2024: Current Opinion in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38423168/emotional-modulation-of-memorability-in-mnemonic-discrimination
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fernanda Morales-Calva, Stephanie L Leal
Although elements such as emotion may serve to enhance or impair memory for images, some images are consistently remembered or forgotten by most people, an intrinsic characteristic of images known as memorability. Memorability explains some of the variability in memory performance, however, the underlying mechanisms of memorability remain unclear. It is known that emotional valence can increase the memorability of an experience, but how these two elements interact is still unknown. Hippocampal pattern separation, a computation that orthogonalizes overlapping experiences as distinct from one another, may be a candidate mechanism underlying memorability...
February 27, 2024: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38407546/associations-of-24-hour-rest-activity-rhythm-fragmentation-cognitive-decline-and-postmortem-locus-coeruleus-hypopigmentation-in-alzheimer-s-disease
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maxime Van Egroo, Eus J W van Someren, Lea T Grinberg, David A Bennett, Heidi I L Jacobs
OBJECTIVE: While studies suggested that locus coeruleus (LC) neurodegeneration contributes to sleep-wake dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the association between LC integrity and circadian rest-activity patterns remains unknown. Here, we investigated the relationships between 24-hour rest-activity rhythms, cognitive trajectories, and autopsy-derived LC integrity in older adults with and without cortical AD neuropathology. METHODS: This retrospective study leveraged multi-modal data from participants of the longitudinal clinical-pathological Rush Memory and Aging Project...
February 26, 2024: Annals of Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38394956/leveraging-dendritic-properties-to-advance-machine-learning-and-neuro-inspired-computing
#32
REVIEW
Michalis Pagkalos, Roman Makarov, Panayiota Poirazi
The brain is a remarkably capable and efficient system. It can process and store huge amounts of noisy and unstructured information, using minimal energy. In contrast, current artificial intelligence (AI) systems require vast resources for training while still struggling to compete in tasks that are trivial for biological agents. Thus, brain-inspired engineering has emerged as a promising new avenue for designing sustainable, next-generation AI systems. Here, we describe how dendritic mechanisms of biological neurons have inspired innovative solutions for significant AI problems, including credit assignment in multi-layer networks, catastrophic forgetting, and high-power consumption...
February 22, 2024: Current Opinion in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38387546/urban-environment-during-pregnancy-and-childhood-and-white-matter-microstructure-in-preadolescence-in-two-european-birth-cohorts
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anne-Claire Binter, Laura Granés, Elise Bannier, Montserrat de Castro, Sami Petricola, Serena Fossati, Martine Vrijheid, Cécile Chevrier, Hanan El Marroun, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Dave Saint-Amour, Henning Tiemeier, Mònica Guxens
Growing evidence suggests that urban environment may influence cognition and behavior in children, but the underlying pollutant and neurobiological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated the association of built environment and urban natural space indicators during pregnancy and childhood with brain white matter microstructure in preadolescents, and examined the potential mediating role of air pollution and road-traffic noise. We used data of the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (n = 2725; 2002-2006) for the primary analyses...
February 20, 2024: Environmental Pollution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38372035/multimodal-covariance-network-reflects-individual-cognitive-flexibility
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lin Jiang, Simon B Eickhoff, Sarah Genon, Guangying Wang, Chanlin Yi, Runyang He, Xunan Huang, Dezhong Yao, Debo Dong, Fali Li, Peng Xu
Cognitive flexibility refers to the capacity to shift between patterns of mental function and relies on functional activity supported by anatomical structures. However, how the brain's structural-functional covarying is preconfigured in the resting state to facilitate cognitive flexibility under tasks remains unrevealed. Herein, we investigated the potential relationship between individual cognitive flexibility performance during the trail-making test (TMT) and structural-functional covariation of the large-scale multimodal covariance network (MCN) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalograph (EEG) datasets of 182 healthy participants...
February 17, 2024: International Journal of Neural Systems
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38356013/understanding-the-heterogeneity-of-anxiety-using-a-translational-neuroscience-approach
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carly M Drzewiecki, Andrew S Fox
Anxiety disorders affect millions of people worldwide and present a challenge in neuroscience research because of their substantial heterogeneity in clinical presentation. While a great deal of progress has been made in understanding the neurobiology of fear and anxiety, these insights have not led to effective treatments. Understanding the relationship between phenotypic heterogeneity and the underlying biology is a critical first step in solving this problem. We show translation, reverse translation, and computational modeling can contribute to a refined, cross-species understanding of fear and anxiety as well as anxiety disorders...
February 14, 2024: Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38341229/macro-and-micro-sleep-dysfunctions-as-translational-biomarkers-for-parkinson-s-disease
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marcelo M S Lima, Adriano D S Targa, Gustavo Z Dos Santos Lima, Clarissa F Cavarsan, Pablo Torterolo
Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and often appear from the early-phase disease or prodromal stages. In this chapter, we will discuss the current evidence addressing the links between sleep dysfunctions in PD, focusing most closely on those data from animal and mathematical/computational models, as well as in human-based studies that explore the electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms by which PD and sleep may be intertwined, whether as predictors or consequences of the disease...
2024: International Review of Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38330641/the-spatial-distribution-of-coupling-between-tau-and-neurodegeneration-in-amyloid-%C3%AE-positive-mild-cognitive-impairment
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Belfin Robinson, Shankar Bhamidi, Eran Dayan
Synergies between amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and neurodegeneration persist along the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of spatial coupling between tau and neurodegeneration (atrophy) and its relation to Aβ positivity in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Data from 409 participants were included (95 cognitively normal controls, 158 Aβ positive (Aβ+) MCI, and 156 Aβ negative (Aβ-) MCI). Florbetapir PET, Flortaucipir PET, and structural MRI were used as biomarkers for Aβ, tau and atrophy, respectively...
February 2, 2024: Neurobiology of Aging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38328213/reconfiguration-of-brain-wide-neural-activity-after-early-life-adversity
#38
Taylor W Uselman, Russell E Jacobs, Elaine L Bearer
UNLABELLED: Early life adversity (ELA) predisposes individuals to both physical and mental disorders lifelong. How ELA affects brain function leading to this vulnerability is under intense investigation. Research has begun to shed light on ELA effects on localized brain regions within defined circuits. However, investigations into brain-wide neural activity that includes multiple localized regions, determines relationships of activity between regions and identifies shifts of activity in response to experiential conditions is necessary...
September 10, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38320615/unpacking-the-navigation-toolbox-insights-from-comparative-cognition
#39
REVIEW
Kate J Jeffery, Ken Cheng, Nora S Newcombe, Verner P Bingman, Randolf Menzel
The study of navigation is informed by ethological data from many species, laboratory investigation at behavioural and neurobiological levels, and computational modelling. However, the data are often species-specific, making it challenging to develop general models of how biology supports behaviour. Wiener et al . outlined a framework for organizing the results across taxa, called the 'navigation toolbox' (Wiener et al. In Animal thinking: contemporary issues in comparative cognition (eds R Menzel, J Fischer), pp...
February 14, 2024: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38320453/data-driven-multiscale-computational-models-of-cortical-and-subcortical-regions
#40
REVIEW
Srikanth Ramaswamy
Data-driven computational models of neurons, synapses, microcircuits, and mesocircuits have become essential tools in modern brain research. The goal of these multiscale models is to integrate and synthesize information from different levels of brain organization, from cellular properties, dendritic excitability, and synaptic dynamics to microcircuits, mesocircuits, and ultimately behavior. This article surveys recent advances in the genesis of data-driven computational models of mammalian neural networks in cortical and subcortical areas...
February 5, 2024: Current Opinion in Neurobiology
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