malignant pericardical effusion

Pericardial drainage is a procedure completed to evacuate fluid from the pericardial space. This can be completed by pericardiocentesis or pericardial window. These procedures are most often done in the setting of cardiac tamponade, typically to correct low blood pressure due to low stroke volume from extrinsic compression of the heart chambers by the pericardial fluid. Elective pericardiocentesis can be done in cases where fluid accumulation is secondary to pathological processes, including hemopericardium secondary to complications of trauma to the chest, toxins, myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, serosanguinous pericardial effusion due to malignancy, right heart failure, acute pericarditis, chemotherapeutic agents, metabolic derangements like uremia, and autoimmune disorders...

Oesophageal carcinoma is a globally prevalent form of cancer. Patients with advanced disease often experience progressive dysphagia and weight loss as initial symptoms, but pericarditis is an uncommon presentation. This study describes a young man who presented with pericarditis and was diagnosed with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The patient's diagnosis came after presenting with intermittent chest pain. His diagnostic tests included an ECG showing ST elevation, echocardiography showing pericardial effusion and elevated inflammatory markers...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pleural effusions (PEs) are commonly seen in various pathologies and have a significant impact on patient health and quality of life. Unlike for malignant PEs, non-malignant PEs (NMPEs) do not have well-established guidelines. Much of the evidence base in this field is from a handful of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and the majority are from retrospective cohort analyses and cases series. Cardiac related PEs fall within the entity of NMPEs and the aim of this narrative review is to gather the existing evidence in the field of congestive heart failure (CHF), pericarditis and post-cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS)...

Periodontal diseases are well-known background for infective endocarditis. Here, we show that pericardial effusion or pericarditis might have origin also in periodontal diseases. An 86-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension and diabetes mellitus developed asymptomatic increase in pericardial effusion. Two weeks previously, he took oral new quinolone antibiotics for a week because he had painful periodontitis along a dental bridge in the mandibular teeth on the right side and presented cheek swelling...

BACKGROUND: Purulent pericarditis (PP)- a purulent infection involving the pericardial space-requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis as it often lacks characteristic signs of pericarditis and carries a mortality rate as high as 40% even with treatment. Common risk factors include immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, thoracic surgery, malignancy, and uremia. Most reported cases of PP occur in individuals with predisposing risk factors, such as immunosuppression, and result from more commonly observed preceding infections, such as pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and meningitis...

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related effusive constrictive pericarditis (ECP) is a rare manifestation of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). It can lead to persistent pericardial fibrosis, resulting in cardiac tamponade, diastolic dysfunction, and heart failure. Glucocorticoids are the primary treatment for effectively reducing inflammation and preventing fibrosis. However, guidelines for monitoring treatment response are lacking and tapering glucocorticoid therapy for specific target organs remains a challenge...

Tuberculous pericarditis is an extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis that is most commonly associated with pericardial thickening, effusion, and calcification. We present a case of tuberculous pericarditis mimicking a malignant pericardial tumor in a 77-year-old male. CT revealed an irregular and nodular pericardial thickening. MRI revealed high signal intensity on T1-weighted fat-suppressed images and peripheral rim enhancement after gadolinium administration. MRI can be helpful in determining the differential diagnoses in cases of tuberculous pericarditis with nonspecific imaging findings...

BACKGROUND: Pericardial effusion (PE) is a rare yet an important cause of child mortality due to collection of excess fluid in pericardial space. The study aimed to describe the PE profile in the national cardiac referral hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: The study employed cross-sectional study design for a 7-year review of childhood PE in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Descriptive and analytic statistics were applied. RESULTS: There were 17,386 pediatric emergency/ER admissions during the study period, and PE contributed to 0...

BACKGROUND: Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition that occurs when an abnormal amount of fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac and impedes the cardiac filling process. Although extremely rare, haematological diseases have the potential to trigger an extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) process within the pericardium, resulting in a substantial build-up of pericardial effusion. CASE SUMMARY: We present the case of a 29-year-old male previously diagnosed with primary myelofibrosis (PMF), who presented to the emergency unit with cardiac tamponade...

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) are common adverse effects of first-generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) and limit their use considerably. This led to the development of second-generation BTKis-acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib-which are more selective, potent, and presumed to have better safety profiles than the previous group of medications. However, there have been sporadic reports of CVAEs associated with second-generation BTKis in clinical practice. To address this issue, a comprehensive meta-analysis to pool the documented CVAEs was performed, including major hemorrhage, any bleeding, atrioventricular block, atrial fibrillation/flutter, pericardial effusion, pericarditis, heart failure, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, hypertension, hypotension, and stroke...

Obstructive shock due to cardiac tamponade is a rare, life-threatening occurrence in the peripartum period. Etiologies include preeclampsia, infection, autoimmune conditions, and malignancy. Early recognition of the underlying disease process allows for multidisciplinary treatment and a favorable outcome. A 33-year-old presented for cardiac tamponade identified in the peripartum period. She was diagnosed with preeclampsia with severe features immediately prior to her repeat cesarean delivery and received magnesium prophylaxis...

Symptomatic pericardial effusion occurring as the initial manifestation of Hodgkin's lymphoma is exceedingly uncommon, and there are limited documented instances in the available literature. Pericardial effusion can present various differential diagnoses, and among these, malignancy is an important yet less frequently encountered cause. A heightened level of suspicion is crucial for establishing an accurate diagnosis, particularly when the patient's clinical course deviates from the anticipated trajectory. Through this case, we aim to emphasize the significance of considering lymphoproliferative diseases as a pertinent possibility in the differential diagnosis of pericardial effusion...

BACKGROUND: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare cancer with poor prognosis. It is less common that two serosal cavities are involved when the patient seeks medical attention firstly. The current first-line chemotherapy for advanced MM is a combination with cisplatin and pemetrexed. However, nedaplatin, a second-generation platinum-based antitumor agent, has the similar therapeutic effects as cisplatin but lower toxicity and higher water solubility. To our knowledge, this is the first case of co-existing pericardial and pleural MM treated with nedaplatin and pemetrexed and responding well...

Despite significant advancements in systemic anticancer therapies, cardiac tamponade remains a serious and potentially life-threatening complication in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, there is a paucity of comprehensive research investigating alternative management approaches, such as pericardiocentesis and anti-inflammatory therapy (AIT), to effectively address cardiac tamponade and mitigate the risk of heart failure arising from constrictive physiology (CP) in patients with MBC when traditional systemic anticancer drugs fail to yield favorable outcomes...

Cardiotoxicity linked with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a well-described phenomenon associated with an increased mortality risk; however, the majority of cardiac events present over 100 days following transfusion and are often attributed to graft-versus-host disease or pre-treatment conditioning by chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. Here, we present the case of a 60-year-old female with a medical history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated by a myelodysplastic syndrome that progressed to acute myeloid leukemia who developed chest pain immediately following an allogeneic HSCT...

A 46-year-old woman underwent pericardiocentesis and pericardial window for recurrent pericardial effusion. She presented 17 months later with signs and symptoms consistent with constrictive pericarditis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed an infiltrative mass surrounding the pericardium. A transcutaneous core needle biopsy of the pericardium confirmed the diagnosis of pericardial mesothelioma.

Cardiac tamponade is considered a medical emergency because a patient can deteriorate easily and die of cardiac arrest if the fluid is not drained immediately. The most common etiologies are the same as pericarditis as fluid accumulates due to pericardial inflammation, including infection, malignancy, trauma, iatrogenic, autoimmune, post-myocardial infarction, radiation, and renal failure. Although the treatment is pericardiocentesis or pericardial window, finding the etiology responsible for the development of pericardial effusion is important...

Esophageal cancer is a malignant disease with a poor prognosis and is one of the most common causes of cardiac metastasis. Malignant pericarditis may cause the repetitive accumulation of pericardial effusion, which can occasionally pose a clinical challenge. We herein report a case of malignant pericarditis in a patient with metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with cardiac tamponade, which was successfully managed with single pericardial drainage and systemic nivolumab monotherapy. This is the first case report to suggest that systemic therapy with nivolumab is a promising option for the management of malignant pericarditis...

Methotrexate (MTX) is a crucial part of the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although MTX is generally well tolerated, it is not exempt from adverse effects. The side effects of MTX are diverse, and pericarditis, as demonstrated in our case, is one of the rarest adverse effects. Therefore, it is crucial to rule out common causes of pericarditis, such as infections, malignancies, or other underlying conditions. However, once common causes are excluded, MTX-induced pericarditis should always be considered, and MTX should be discontinued without resumption due to potential relapse...

BACKGROUND Salmonella infections manifest typically as self-limiting gastroenteritis after the consumption of contaminated food. Extra-intestinal manifestations of Salmonella infections such as pericarditis are rare and are usually seen in severely immunocompromised individuals. Prior case reports suggest high rates of morbidity and mortality associated with Salmonella pericarditis. Here, we present a rare case of Salmonella dublin pericarditis. CASE REPORT A 45-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department reporting chest pressure and shortness of breath...