gram-negative bacteremia

Capnocytophaga sputigena is a gram-negative facultatively anaerobic, capnophilic bacterium typically residing in the human oropharyngeal flora. This opportunistic pathogen can cause a wide range of infections, from bacteremia to septic abortion. However, it is exceedingly rare for a patient to present with tonsillitis due to C. sputigena . Herein, we discuss the presentation, hospital course, and clinical trajectory of a patient experiencing complications of tonsillitis related to C. sputigena in the context of acute myeloid leukemia...

BACKGROUND: The U.S. antibiotic market failure has threatened future innovation and supply. Understanding when and why clinicians underutilize recently approved gram-negative antibiotics might help prioritize the patient in future antibiotic development and potential market entry rewards. OBJECTIVE: To determine use patterns of recently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved gram-negative antibiotics (ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, plazomicin, eravacycline, imipenem-relebactam-cilastatin, and cefiderocol) and identify factors associated with their preferential use (over traditional generic agents) in patients with gram-negative infections due to pathogens displaying difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR; that is, resistance to all first-line antibiotics)...

Mycotic (infected) aortic aneurysm is a severe clinical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Salmonella spp. is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that is typically limited to the gastrointestinal tract and resolves spontaneously but can progress to invasive infections such as bacteremia. Serious complications may arise, particularly in debilitated, elderly, and neonatal patients. We describe the case of a 74-year-old female with a history of diabetes and hypertension who presented with shortness of breath, fever, chills, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea...

Parvimonas micra is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus that typically colonizes the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract in humans. Though P. micra is typically associated with periodontal abscesses, it can also be an unlikely cause of bacteremia. Here, we report a case of P. micra bacteremia in the setting of a hepatic abscess. Antibiotic treatment of the bacteremia was initiated, and the entry source of the infection was investigated using various imaging techniques in the inpatient setting. A hepatic abscess was suspected to be the origin of infection for the P...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized globally as a significant health challenge, but its extent remains unclear in many regions. It is crucial to prioritize a foundational evaluation of AMR prevalence to facilitate the implementation of laboratory-based surveillance. Adopting a One Health perspective, this study outlines the present AMR status in the Middle East. AIM: To synthesize the current state of knowledge on AMR in the Middle East, delineate the contributions of different sectors (human health, animal health, and environment), and discern the effectiveness of One Health interventions in mitigating AMR...

In 2023, published research on COVID-19 remains prominent. The aim of this article is to highlight important developments in infectious disease evidence unrelated to COVID-19 that were published in 2023. The literature was screened for sound new evidence relevant to internal medicine specialists and subspecialists whose focus of practice is not infectious diseases. The highlighted publications relate to various organisms and patient populations. One article provides insight into the updated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis...

BACKGROUND: Gram-negative rod (GNR) bacteremia has been suggested as a clinical marker of occult cancer; however, no studies are available in this regard in the Japanese population. Here, we investigated the risk factors for gastrointestinal cancer with GNR bacteremia. METHODS: Patients with GNR bacteremia admitted to St. Luke's International Hospital between January 2011 and July 2021 were included. The clinical data of patients with and without cancer, 1 year before and after GNR bacteremia diagnosis, were compared...

BACKGROUND Shewanella spp. are gram-negative facultative anaerobic, oxidase-positive, motile bacilli that are ubiquitous but commonly occur in seawater and can cause opportunistic infection. Reports on the risk factors for Shewanella infection, its severity, antibiotic susceptibility, and prognosis are limited. This report is of a 78-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis presenting with bacteremia and empyema due to infection with Shewanella spp. CASE REPORT A 78-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh B) presented to our emergency room with a high fever...

Shewanella algae is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus primarily found in marine environments. It can cause a range of infections in humans, from superficial soft tissue infections to more severe conditions like bacteremia, otitis, and hepatobiliary infections. While infections are rare, they can be significant, leading to complications such as sepsis and tissue necrosis. We present the case of severe cellulitis caused by Shewanella in an 88-year-old patient with multiple comorbidities. Following a blue crab pinch and consequent saltwater exposure, the patient developed severe cellulitis, sepsis, delirium, and atrial fibrillation...

Herbaspirillum huttiense is an opportunistic pathogen associated with rare cases of bacteremia. In this case report, H huttiense was isolated from blood samples collected from an intravenous catheter (incubated for 20.8 hours) and a peripheral vein (incubated for 14.16 hours) of a lung adenocarcinoma patient. Positive blood culture bottles were subjected to smear preparation, and Gram staining and microscopic examination revealed the presence of gram-negative rods in both aerobic bottles. We used the VITEK MS automatic microbial mass spectrometry system, VITEK 2 Compact automatic microbial analysis system, and high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing for accurate identification of the isolate...

UNLABELLED: The two species that account for most cases of Acinetobacter -associated bacteremia in the United Kingdom are Acinetobacter lwoffii , often a commensal but also an emerging pathogen, and Acinetobacter baumannii , a well-known antibiotic-resistant species. While these species both cause similar types of human infection and occupy the same niche, A. lwoffii (unlike A. baumannii ) has thus far remained susceptible to antibiotics. Comparatively little is known about the biology of A...

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BACKGROUND: Although meningitis caused by Salmonella species is relatively rare and accounts for <1% of the confirmed cases in neonates, it is associated with case complications and fatality rates up to 50-70% when compared to other forms of Gram-negative bacilli meningitis. OBJECTIVES: We conducted an investigation into the first reported case of neonatal meningitis caused by nontyphoidal S. enterica in Jazan, a region in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia...

The Pantoea genus of bacteria is a group of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is an uncommon cause of infection in humans except in specific settings, including hospital-acquired infections and in immunocompromised patients. In this report, we describe the case of a 12-year-old girl with sickle cell disease who presented with a picture of sepsis and was found to have Pantoea species in her blood culture which was treated with antibiotics with a good response. From our literature review, risk factors were identified in the reported cases, for which further exploration is highly recommended...

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) is a nontyphoidal Salmonella pathogen that causes swine paratyphoids. S. Choleraesuis is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans via contaminated food and causes sepsis. Here, we report a rare case of pyelonephritis caused by S. Choleraesuis in a Japanese patient with a carcinoma of unknown primary origin. On the day of admission, the patient was diagnosed with pyelonephritis associated with ureteral stent obstruction. He had no history of raw pork consumption or gastrointestinal symptoms...

Background Acute leukemia, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature white blood cell precursors, poses significant challenges during induction chemotherapy, including the elevated risk of febrile neutropenia and its associated complications. Our study aims to explain the clinical and etiological parameters of these patients in a resource-limited setting. Methods This retrospective study focused on a total of 102 adult patients with acute leukemia who developed febrile neutropenia during the induction chemotherapy phase...

Bacteria belonging to the genus Capnocytophaga are thin, capnophilic, Gram-negative bacilli with tapered ends that include nine species that are isolated from the mouth of humans and animals and, from a phylogenetical perspective, they belong to the family Flavobacteriaceae . Two more species, namely C. endodontalis and C. stomatis have been recovered from a periapical abscess and human and animal infections, respectively. Capnocytophaga spp. can cause serious and potentially life-threatening infections in humans, such as bacteremia and meningitis, most commonly in the context of penetrating trauma as a result of contact with animals, especially after animal bites...

During the last two decades, the incidence of late-onset sepsis (LOS) has increased due to improved survival of premature neonates. Persistent bacteremia (PB) in LOS is defined as more than two positive blood cultures obtained on different calendar days during the same infectious episode. Although rare, PB should be treated aggressively to prevent adverse outcomes. Daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic, has been used in neonates with persistent coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) bacteremia with promising results, but studies reporting on the efficacy and safety of the agent are scarce...

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the continuous infusion of cefepime with the intermittent infusion in patients with sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). METHODS: Randomized 1:1 multicenter double-blinded placebo-controlled study with allocation concealment; multicenter study in the intensive care units of Colombia. Patients with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock, and GNB-suspected bacteremia. Cefepime was administered for 7 to 14 days over 30 m intermittently every 8 h over 24 h plus continuous saline solution (0...

IMPORTANCE: Previous investigations have found that time to positive blood culture (TTP) is a prognostic factor for clinical outcomes. In fact, what the emergency physician sees from the medical information system is TAT (turnaround time) defined as time required to post a bacterial culture report. We propose a definition of blood culture TAT that more closely aligns with clinical considerations by measuring the time from starting specimen culture to the release of an official blood culture report...