Hydrocephalia

A case of pregnancy, malformation of the foetus--Spina bifida, and hydatidosis hepatis is discussed. The patient is 19-year old, primigravida, pregnant in the 31st gestational week who was admitted to the ward with an observation of Hydrocephalia and fetal compromise (low beat-to-beat variability and lack of accelerations of the fetal heart rate). Un ultrasound scan of the foetus proved hydrocephalia and Spina bifida in the lumbal segment of the fetal spine. Un extended ultrasound scan proved a hydatid cyst of the liver with a 10 mm diameter, corresponding with the data of the serological tests--RAHA 1:400...

A historical note on craniopharyngiomas is set forth which deals both with the authors who first described such tumors and the first attempts at extirpation. The current concept of Craniopharyngioma and its origins are described as well as its histopathological classification from a macroscopic and microscopic point of view. Emphasis is made on the problem that, despite being and encapsulated tumor (thus benign) its prognosis is severe due to its location and easy expansion that affects neighbouring anatomic structures such as: Optic chiasm, hypophysis, III ventricle, the frontal horn of one or both lateral ventricle, hypothalamus and brain stem...

INTRODUCTION: Lhermitte-Duclos disease is a rare disorder of the cerebellum of unknown origin in which dysplasic thickening of the cerebellar convolutions is seen. It usually occurs in young adults. Currently it is included in the phacomatosis group of disorders. CLINICAL CASE: A 19 year old woman attended the Emergency Department complaining of progressive orthostatic headache for the previous three months. On examination there were striking facial micronodular lesions suggestive of angiofibromas, a hypo-pigmented macula in the inframammary region and a hyperpigmented 'café-au-lait' macula in the right hypochondrium...

Examination of patients in an acute period of mild craniocerebral trauma, using clinical and instrumental methods, was performed. The disorders of state of central and vegetative nervous system, mental and somatic spheres, pancerebral changes of biotocs, the signs of irritation, injury of median structures, hydrocephalia, changes of the vessels tone, lowering of the brain blood filling, difficulty of the venous outflow were revealed.

INTRODUCTION: The appearance of new neuroimaging techniques has permitted study of large series of thalamic hematomas, amongst which differences have been observed according to the size and arterial territory affected. OBJECTIVE: To determine the existence or not of differences between thalamic hematomas, according to their arterial territory and size, with regard to the aetiology, clinical findings and short term prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was made of 60 patients admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of thalamic hematoma (between January 1987 and July 1997) classified according to localization as: anterior, dorsal, posterolateral, posteromedial and global, and according to size as: large (> 20 mm), and small (< 20 mm) in which we analyzed the aetiology, clinical signs and prognosis up to discharge from hospital...

AIM: Characterization of cerebral pathology in inactive phase of rheumatism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical, experimental psychological examinations were performed in 110 rheumatic patients with inactive disease. Computer tomography of the head was carried out in 45 patients. RESULTS: Psychic defects were absent only in 2.73% of the examinees. The rest had different neurotic symptoms manifest as panic attacks (> 50% of cases) or mildpsychoorganic shifts (60...

In normal puberty, as well as in precocious puberty, serum GH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are increased as a consequence of the increase in sex hormone secretion. However, the effect of suppressing sex hormones on serum GH and IGF-1 in precocious puberty is controversial. On the other hand, the interest in the interaction between the GH-IGF-1 system and the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis has been reinforced by experimental evidence which indicates that IGF-1 might be involved in the regulation of the onset of puberty...

Levels of DARP in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients having a wide variety of neurological disorders were determined. Neurological disorders were categorized as degenerative, demyelinating, epilepsy, trauma, hydrocephalia, inflammatory, A-V malformation, CNS neoplasia, parasitic and stroke. DARP levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal anti-DARP antibodies. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the first 36 aa of the N-terminal of DARP was used as standard...

Cerebral cysticercosis is an endemic parasitosis in many developing countries with a great variability in its presentation and prognosis. In the last 37 years (1960-1996) we have studied 18 patients at Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Sixteen were spanish; ten of them (62.5%) came from rural areas and they all were seen before 1988. Ten patients (56%) were males and seven (44%) females. The mean age was 49 years (range: 22-80). The most common symptoms at diagnosis were: seizures (61%), headache (55%), visual disturbances (39%), symptoms of intracranial hypertension (33%), mental disturbances (33%) and other focal symptoms (33%)...

An intradural cavernoma of the spinal cord located at T12 was identified in a 39-year-old man presenting with recurrent episodes of lower back pain on the basis of MRI findings. The patient was hospitalized for severe subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated with hydrocephalia requiring ventriculo-peritoneal draining. Marginal asymptomatic hemosiderosis of the spinal cord above the malformation was observed. The cavernoma which did not involve nervous tissue was removed surgically to avoid the risk of recurrent bleeding and further development of marginal hemosiderosis...

Massive fetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH) occurs in 0.12 to 0.5% of pregnancies. It is most often spontaneous and involves uncomplicated near-term pregnancies. It causes fetal anaemia, with or without fetal distress and hydrops fetalis. To our knowledge only one paper has reported a neurological complication (hemiplegia). We describe one case of FMH (maximal Kleihauer test = 6.5%) at 28 weeks gestation, which was spontaneous, reversible, associated with sinusoidal fetal heart rare (FHR) and hydrops fetalis; and complicated by an intraventricular antenatal haemorrhage at 30 weeks gestation...

Experimental studies on Wistar rats revealed that the fungicide calixin (N-tridecyl-2.6-dimethylmorpholine) has a teratogenic effect. This effect manifested in edemas, hemorrhages, hematomas, abnormal development of the brain (hydrocephalia), visceral cranium (micrognathia, cleft palate) and genitourinary system (hydronephrosis), in decreased size of pelvic bones, shoulder girdle, front and hind limbs, etc. Marked teratogenic effects was in good agreement with the dose. Threshold and subthreshold doses of calixin in terms of the teratogenic effect were 0...

The clinical and laboratory characteristics of eleven cases of bacterial meningitis due to Salmonella, are reviewed. Meningitis was more common in children under the age of 13 months. In younger children the symptoms and neurological signs were not evident. Convulsive disorders and neurological coma were the most frequent complications in 4 and 5 cases respectively. The mortality ratio was high, 36% (4 patients) and the neurological sequelae were very important: two patients presented spastic paralytic alterations and other two had hydrocephalia...

We investigated the action of the lathyrogenic compound aminoacetonitrile (300 mg/kg body weight) on fetogenesis of the Wistar rat. In a 1st section we dealt with influence on the outer body shape and common reproductive parameters (WENDLER and coworkers 1980). This 2nd section describes toxic effects on internal organs and malformations on organ systems detected by free-hand razor blade technique. Especially, we observed cardial ectopia, rupture of the ascendant aorta, situs inversus, hydrocephalia, hydronephroses, and dystopic kidneys...

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In the course of a follow up study repeated pneumoencephalographic examinations were carried out in 48 patients with various forms of focal epilepsy. The intervals between the examinations ranged from one to 16 years, and the disease duration was from 3 to 32 years. Also ventriculometric methods of assessing the results of the examinations were used. A progress of the atrophic changes in the brain was noted irrespectively of the disease duration. The hydrocephalia of the ventricular system became more diffuse; the pathological changes of the subarachnoidal space also progressed, however, with retention or deepening of their focal character...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

A total of 104 schizophrenics have been examined using echoencephalography. Some patients presented manifestations of hydrocephalia and intracranial hypertension. The latter was predominantly observed in patients with acute psychotic states.

During surgery and in the post-operative period fluctuations of the intracerebral pressure and in the dynamics of the local cerebral circulation were investigated in patients with a severe cerebro-cranial injury, acute apoplectic stroke and occlusive hydrocephalia. This was done by using a combined pressure sensor that simultaneously recorded the intracerebral pressure by the volemic method and the local cerebral blood flow-through hydrogen clearance. In patients exhibiting different degrees of hypertension three types of the intracerebral pressure fluctuations were recognized, differing both in their frequency and the amplitude...