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A thorough understanding of the internal conversion process between excited states is important for designing ideal multiple emissive materials. However, it is hard to experimentally measure both the energy barrier and energy gaps between the excited states of a compound. For a long time, it is dubious if what was measured is the energy gap or energy barrier between two excited states. In this paper, we designed 1-(pyren-2'-yl)-9,12-di(p-tolyl)-o-carborane (2), which shows dual emission in solution. Temperature-dependent fluorescence measurements show that the two emission bands in hexane are corresponding to two different excited states...

Aerobic exercise reduces circulating ionized Ca (iCa) and increases parathyroid hormone (PTH), but the cause and consequences on Ca handling are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of strenuous exercise on Ca kinetics using dual stable Ca isotopes. Twenty-one healthy women (26.4 ± 6.7 yr) completed a randomized, crossover study entailing two 6-d iterations consisting of either 60 min of treadmill walking at 65% VO2max wearing a vest weighing 30% body weight on study days 1, 3, and 5 (exercise [EX]), or a rest iteration (rest [REST])...

OBJECTIVE: TNFAIP8 and TIPE2 belong to TNFa-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8/TIPE) family. They control apoptosis and direct leukocyte migration. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell loss is a hallmark of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration in response to injury, and inflammation may cause pain. Here, we examined the effects of TNFAIP8/TIPE2 deficiency on the IVDs in mice with these genes deleted. DESIGN: Tail IVDs in Tnfaip8 or Tipe2 single and double knockout mice (Tnfaip8-/-, Tipe2-/-, and Tnfaip8/Tipe2 dko), and wild type (WT) controls were injured...

PURPOSE: The impact of age on optimal management of glioblastoma remains unclear. A recent combined analysis of two randomised trials, GEINO14-01 and EX-TEM, found no benefit from extending post-radiation temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Here, we explore the impact of age. METHODS: Relevant intergroup statistics were used to identify differences in tumour, treatment and outcome characteristics based on age with elderly patients (EP) defined as age 65 years and over...

A group of Gram-negative plant-associated diazotrophic bacteria belonging to the genus Nitrospirillum was investigated, including both previously characterized and newly isolated strains from diverse regions and biomes, predominantly in Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and recA genes revealed the formation of a distinct clade consisting of thirteen strains, separate from the formally recognized species N. amazonense (the closest species) and N. iridis. Comprehensive taxonomic analyses using the whole genomes of four strains (BR 11140T  = AM 18T  = Y-2T  = DSM 2788T  = ATCC 35120T , BR 11142T  = AM 14T  = Y-1T  = DSM 2787T  = ATCC 35119T , BR 11145 = CBAmC, and BR 12005) supported the division of these strains into two species: N...

BACKGROUND: Research has consistently shown that some children are more vulnerable at the time of school readiness. Better understanding the characteristics of these children is therefore important. Most studies have used a variable-based approach, which may mask the presence of small but important subgroups of children with mixed patterns of readiness strengths and weaknesses. Identifying subgroups with mixed readiness patterns using a person-centered approach matters because their developmental trajectories might differ in important ways from children with broader difficulties across all readiness domains...

AIM: This guideline (GL) is aimed at providing a clinical practice reference for the management of adult patients with overweight or obesity associated with metabolic complications who are resistant to lifestyle modification. METHODS: Surgeons, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, psychologists, pharmacologists, a general practitioner, a nutritionist, a nurse and a patients' representative acted as multi-disciplinary panel. This GL has been developed following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach...

The gasification of carbon with O2 , CO2 , and H2 O oxidants plays an important role in several energy-based applications. As most of the industrial gasification processes are conducted under mixed-atmosphere conditions, the oxidation of carbon in binary oxidant mixtures becomes crucially important. Using reactive force-field (ReaxFF) potentials, extensive MD simulations were carried out on the oxidation behavior of graphene in mixed O2 /H2 O and O2 /CO2 environments for a range of gas compositions and temperatures...

Silyl ethers fulfil a fundamental role in synthetic organic chemistry as protecting groups and their selective cleavage is an important factor in their application. We present here for the first time two enzymes, SilE-R and SilE-S, which are able to hydrolyze silyl ethers. They belong to the stress-response A/B barrel domain (DABB) family and are able to cleave the Si-O bond with opposite enantiopreference. Silyl ethers containing aromatic, cyclic or aliphatic alcohols and, depending on the alcohol moiety, silyl functions as large as TBDMS are accepted...

One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has gained importance as a safe and effective operation to treat morbid obesity. It is not known whether a long biliopancreatic limb (BPL) in OAGB surgery compared to a short BPL results in beneficial metabolic outcomes. 5-week-old male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks underwent OAGB surgery with defined short and long BPL lengths, or sham surgery combined with caloric restriction. Weight loss, glucose tolerance, obesity-related comorbidities, endocrine effects, gut microbiota and bile acids were assessed...

Frequent incidence of post-weaning enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea in the swine industry contributes to high mortality rates and associated economic losses. In this study, a combination of butyric, caprylic, and capric fatty acid monoglycerides was investigated to promote intestinal integrity and host defenses in weanling pigs infected with ETEC. A total of 160 pigs were allotted to treatment groups based on weight and sex. Throughout the 17-d study, 3 treatment groups were maintained: sham-inoculated pigs fed a control diet [uninfected control (UC), n = 40], ETEC-inoculated pigs fed the same control diet [infected control (IC), n = 60], and ETEC-inoculated pigs fed the control diet supplemented with monoglycerides included at 0...

Galenic dural arteriovenous fistulas account for 1 of the 6 types of tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas (type I). These fistulas are located around the great cerebral vein of Galen, with dural arterial supply through the tentorial arteries of Bernasconi and Cassinari or other posterior fossa branches, such as the posterior meningeal artery. In this case, a man in his 60s presented with a headache and was found to have this high-risk lesion, which was Borden grade III and Cognard grade IV. The lesion persisted despite embolization through the middle meningeal artery...

Fish consumption is the main path of human exposure to Hg and may represent a risk to public health, even with low Hg concentrations in fish, if consumption rates are high. This study quantifies, for the first time, the Hg concentrations in nine most commercialized species in the São Luís (MA) fish market, where fish consumption is high, and estimates human exposure. Average Hg concentrations were highest in carnivorous species, yellow hake (Cynoscion acoupa) (0.296 mg kg-1), the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) (0...

Different forms of HCOOH in the depolymerization system play an important role in governing the monomeric products from lignin. We reported two strategies for the introduction of HCOOH to enrich the monophenols from kraft lignin by microwave-assisted depolymerization. The reaction of lignin models showed that HCOOH was in favor of the cleavage of C-O bonds (β-O-4 typically) and partial C-C bonds (Cα-Cβ). Subsequently, Microwave-assisted depolymerization of lignin with two strategies was conducted via a designed dynamic vapor flow reaction system...

The protozoan parasites Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi continue to exert a significant toll on the disease landscape of the human population in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Control measures have helped reduce the burden of their respective diseases-malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease-in endemic regions. However, the need for new drugs, innovative vaccination strategies and molecular markers of disease severity and outcomes has emerged because of developing antimicrobial drug resistance, comparatively inadequate or absent vaccines, and a lack of trustworthy markers of morbid outcomes...

Research on microplastics (MPs) is gaining more attention in the soil environment, but their impact on soil microbiota and related nitrogen processes remains poorly understood. Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is one of the important greenhouse gases of the nitrogen cycle in agricultural soil, which mainly originates from microbial-mediated nitrogen (N) transformation processes. Microplastics can influence soil nitrogen transformation, as well as nitrogen-related functional enzymes and genes, and its enrichment may profoundly affect the N2 O emissions in soil...

BACKGROUND: Gualou is derived from the fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, while Xiebai from the bulbs of Allium macrostemon Bunge. Gualou and Xiebai herb pair (2:1) is widely used in clinical practice to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism underlying its potential activity on atherosclerosis (AS) has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: The extract of Gualou-Xiebai herb pair (GXE) was prepared from Gualou (80 g) and Xiebai (40 g) by continuous refluxing with 50% ethanol for 2 h at 80°C...

Radiation-induced damage of biological matter is an ubiquitous problem in nature. The influence of the hydration environment is widely discussed, but its exact role remains elusive. Utilising well defined solvated-molecule aggregates, we experimentally observed a hydrogen-bonded water molecule acting as a radiation protection agent for ionised pyrrole, a prototypical aromatic biomolecule. Pure samples of pyrrole and pyrrole(H2 O) were outer-valence ionised and the subsequent damage and relaxation processes were studied...

Magnetic propulsion of nano-/micro-robots is an effective way to treat implant-associated infections by physically destroying biofilm structures to enhance antibiotic killing. However, it is hard to precisely control the propulsion in vivo . Magnetic-nanoparticle coating that can be magnetically pulled off does not need precise control, but the requirement of adhesion stability on an implant surface restricts its magnetic responsiveness. Moreover, whether the coating has been fully pulled-off or not is hard to ensure in real-time in vivo ...

Two heterometallic Cu(II)/Ni(II) coordination polymers, [Cu2 (Hbdea)2 Ni(CN)4 ] n ( 1 ) and [Cu2 (dmea)2 Ni(CN)4 ] n · n H2 O ( 2 ), were successfully self-assembled in water by reacting Cu(II) nitrate with H2 bdea ( N -butyldiethanolamine) and Hdmea ( N , N -dimethylethanolamine) in the presence of sodium hydroxide and [Ni(CN)4 ]2- . These new coordination polymers were investigated by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction and fully characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, elemental analysis, variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements, and theoretical DFT and CASSCF calculations...