Baseball and hip and injury

CONTEXT: Hip strength may influence the energy flow through the kinematic chain during baseball pitching, affecting athlete performance as well as the risk for injury. OBJECTIVE: To identify associations between hip strength and pitching biomechanics in adolescent baseball pitchers during 3 key events of the pitching cycle. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Biomechanics laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 26 adolescent male baseball pitchers (age = 16...

BACKGROUND: Little data exist regarding the association of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) and sporting activities. HYPOTHESIS: There is no association between SCFE and sporting activities. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of all SCFE cases at our institution from 2010 through March 2021. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: All patients with idiopathic SCFE were reviewed looking for the presence/absence of sporting activities and symptom onset...

BACKGROUND: A comprehensive examination of the kinetic chain during an overhead athlete's upper extremity assessment, such as the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), may help clinicians identify potential upper extremity dysfunction. HYPOTHESIS: Body position observed on dominant and nondominant hand touch during a CKCUEST trial differs between players with previous injury/pain history compared with healthy counterparts. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study...

Youth baseball pitchers who also play catcher are at nearly 3-fold increased risk of developing a shoulder or elbow injury throughout the course of a season. The risk of injury has been largely attributed to the increased workload from a greater overall number of throws. In addition, throws performed by catchers are often performed in the squatting or kneeling position, which is radically different from all other positions. Fortunately, recent research shows no difference in medial elbow torque between squatting and standing throws a standard distance from home plate to the pitcher and also shows that greater passive internal rotation of the hip on the throwing side is protective against loads on the medial elbow when throwing from the squatting position...

Background: Deep infrapatellar bursitis (DIB) has been detected in cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD). However, the clinical implications of DIB in the apophyseal stage, during the period when OSD has not yet developed, remain unclear. Purpose: To investigate the factors related to DIB in the apophyseal stage in preadolescent baseball players. Study Design: Cross-sectional study, Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study participants were junior baseball players who participated in a medical checkup in 2020...

Throwing sports remain a popular pastime and frequent source of musculoskeletal injuries, particularly those involving the shoulder and elbow. Biomechanical analyses of throwing athletes have identified pathomechanic factors that predispose throwers to injury or poor performance. These factors, or key performance indicators, are an ongoing topic of research, with the goals of improved injury prediction, prevention, and rehabilitation. Important key performance indicators in the literature to date include shoulder and elbow torque, shoulder rotation, kinetic chain function (as measured by trunk rotation timing and hip-shoulder separation), and lower-extremity mechanics (including stride characteristics)...

BACKGROUND: Improper pitching mechanics are a risk factor for arm injuries. While 3-dimensional (3D) motion analysis remains the gold standard for evaluation, most pitchers and clinicians do not have access to this costly technology. Recent advances in 2-dimensional (2D) video technology provide acceptable resolution for clinical analysis. However, no systematic assessment tools for pitching analysis exist. PURPOSE: To determine the reliability of the Assessment of biomeChanical Efficiency System (ACES) screening tool using 2D video analysis to identify common biomechanical errors in adolescent pitchers...

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the humeral capitellum presents most typically in adolescent athletes who perform repetitive overhead activities. Earlier studies have demonstrated that conservative treatment of OCD is appropriate for patients with an open capitellar growth plate from the standpoint that spontaneous healing can be expected. Case: A 12-year-old male baseball player with two years of experience with a local team participated in our medical check that included screening for capitellar OCD using ultrasonography...

PURPOSE: To compare medial elbow stress during squatting throwing, standing throwing, and maximum effort throwing and to analyze its relationships with throwing variables and the hip joint internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM) in youth baseball catchers. METHODS: Forty-five youth baseball catchers were recruited. Exclusion criteria included pain during throwing, history of surgery, or upper-extremity injuries within 12 months. Catchers performed 5 throws for each of the following throwing conditions: squatting throwing, standing throwing, and maximum effort throwing...

Background: Limitations in passive hip range of motion (PROM) may negatively affect pitching mechanics in baseball pitchers. Understanding the relationships between PROM and mechanics can assist in the development of injury prevention protocols. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of hip rotational PROM with pelvis and trunk rotation during pitching in high school baseball pitchers. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Twenty-five healthy high school baseball pitchers volunteered (15...

BACKGROUND: Throwing-related shoulder and elbow pain continues to be reported among adolescent baseball players. Few prospective studies have specifically examined the association between throwing-related shoulder and elbow pain and physical and developmental changes. PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in physical and developmental characteristics during 1 year with respect to throwing-related shoulder and elbow pain in adolescent baseball players. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3...

CONTEXT: Inadequate hip active range of motion (AROM) may stifle the energy flow through the kinematic chain and decrease pitching performance while increasing the risk for pitcher injury. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between hip AROM and pitching biomechanics during a fastball pitch in adolescent baseball pitchers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Biomechanics laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 21 adolescent male baseball pitchers (age = 16...

BACKGROUND: Orthopaedic injuries in Major League Baseball (MLB) players can have a tremendous impact on player health, longevity, salaries, and time lost from play. PURPOSE: To summarize all data published between January 1980 and August 2019 on truncal and lower extremity orthopaedic injuries sustained by MLB players. METHODS: A literature review of studies examining injuries in MLB was performed using the PubMed and Embase databases. Included studies focused on truncal and lower extremity injuries in professional baseball players...

Objective: The hip joint is a crucial part of the kinetic chain for throwing baseball pitches. Nevertheless, few reports have described assessments of the functional development of the hip joint in young baseball players. Methods: We examined 315 young baseball players, 7-14 years old, all of whom had completed a self-administered questionnaire including items related to the dominant side and throwing-related hip joint pain sustained during the previous year. We measured the hip ranges of motion (ROMs: external and internal rotation and flexion) and hip muscle strengths (external and internal rotation) on the dominant and non-dominant sides...

BACKGROUND: The association between participating in sport and osteoarthritis is not fully understood. PURPOSE: To investigate the association between osteoarthritis and participating in sports not listed in previous reviews: American football, archery, baseball, bobsleigh, curling, handball, ice hockey, shooting, skeleton, speed skating, and wrestling. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: We searched 4 electronic databases and hand searched recent/in-press editions of relevant journals...

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement and degenerative hip osteoarthritis (OA) affect athletes across a wide variety of sports. Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) has emerged as a surgical treatment for active individuals with end-stage hip OA to provide pain relief and allow return to high-impact activities. Return to professional sports after HRA has not been well characterized. Purpose/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to report on a series of elite athletes in a variety of sports who underwent HRA...

Sports-related injuries increase healthcare cost burden, and in some instances have harmful long term physical and psychological implications. There is currently a lack of comprehensive data on temporal injury trends across professional North American sports. The purpose of this study was to compare temporal trends, according to incidence and time-loss injuries, by body part in professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey. Public injury data from Major League Baseball, National Basketball Association, National Football League, and National Hockey League from 2007 to December 2019 were extracted and used...

BACKGROUND: The single-leg step down task (SLSD) is a clinical tool to assess movement and control of the lower extremity and trunk. Hip abduction weakness may impact movement quality during the SLSD, however the relationships between movement and strength are unclear. PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between hip abduction isometric strength and movement during the SLSD of trunk lean, pelvic drop, knee valgus, and hip flexion. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional, cohort study...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Glenohumeral joint internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is commonly observed in the dominant arm of baseball pitchers and is limited by horizontal adduction motions. We inferred that when pitchers' generation of internal shoulder rotation and horizontal adduction activity is limited, they may generate compensation movements in other body parts. This study aims to investigate whether pitchers with GIRD generates trunk compensation during pitching where pitching targets were on the lower corner of their non-dominant side...

We aimed to examine the relationship between hip range of motion (ROM) and abduction strength and throwing-related shoulder/elbow injuries in high school baseball pitchers. The study included 135 baseball pitchers. We asked them to fill out a questionnaire at the checkups, that included the dominant arm and the years of baseball experience. To avoid a confirmation bias, the examiners were blinded to the participants' hand dominance. All players underwent physical function measurements, such as height, weight, shoulder and hip strength, and shoulder and hip ROM...