PEG IAT

OBJECTIVES: Identifying antibodies to red blood cell antigens is one of transfusion medicine's critical responsibilities. The International Society of Blood Transfusion recognizes 354 red blood cell antigens. Accurate identification of clinically significant alloantibodies is imperative for preventing hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. We compared the performance of the tube (polyethylene glycol-indirect antiglobulin test [PEG-IAT]) and solid-phase red cell adherence assay techniques...

BACKGROUND: The Yt system consists of five antigens: antithetical Yta /Ytb and the high-prevalence antigens YTEG, YTLI, and YTOT. We investigated a sample from a Native American (NA) female with post-operative anemia and an unidentified antibody who developed rigors, tachycardia, and hypotension on transfusion of incompatible RBCs. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Serologic testing methods included LISS, PEG, and IgG gel. Test RBCs were treated with papain, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, 2-amino-ethylisothiouronium, and dithiothreitol...

BACKGROUND: Several Kell-system antibodies are known to cause direct agglutination. Also, some specificities, such as anti-Ku, have been reported to react only via the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). METHODS: Herein, we describe the case of a 61-year-old alloimmunized white woman who presented to an outside hospital with a gastrointestinal (GI) bleed and a "possible anti-Ku" was reported with 3+ reactivity at PEG-IAT and at Ficin-IAT; in addition to an unidentified cold antibody...

Most cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn associated with anti-Jra are mild. However, rare cases of hydrops fetalis and severe anemia have been reported. We treated a neonate with anemia who was born with maternal anti-Jra, which were detected in the umbilical cord plasma. The Jra antigens in the neonate core blood red blood cells (RBCs) exhibited extremely weak reactivity to PEG-IAT, an anti-Jra reagent. However, upon re-examination of Jra antigen using PEG-IAT at 3 months postpartum, positivity was observed...

Indirect antiglobulin test-crossmatch (IAT-XM) using enhancement media such as low-ionic-strength saline (LISS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) usually requires 15 minutes of incubation. These methods are necessary when testing samples from blood recipients who have a higher risk of alloimmunization. In emergency situations, IAT-XM can be time-consuming and can influence presurgery routine, resulting in more red blood cell (RBC) units being tested and stored to avoid the transfusion of uncrossmatched ones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a LISS-albumin enhancer to intensify antigen-antibody reaction after 5 minutes of 37oC incubation and compare this performance with that of other enhancers, gel, and conventional tube testing...

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of alloimmunization against red cell antigens and the thermal amplitude and specificity of antibodies in multitransfused patients and multiparous women. METHODS: Antibody screening was performed in 30 nontransfused orthopedic surgery cases (control), 504 multitransfused patients and 325 multiparous women. Antibody screening at 4°C, 22°C and 37°C was carried out in a saline phase, by indirect antiglobulin technique (IAT), using papain cystein, low ionic strength solution (LISS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether practising reaching for virtual moving targets would improve motor performance in people with Parkinson's disease. DESIGN: Randomized pretest-posttest control group design. SETTING: A virtual reality laboratory in a university setting. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three adults with Parkinson's disease. INTERVENTIONS: The virtual reality training required 60 trials of reaching for fast-moving virtual balls with the dominant hand...

BACKGROUND: The indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) can be potentiated by agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG-IAT) and albumin (Alb-IAT). PEG-IAT is generally regarded as superior to Alb-IAT for the detection of clinically significant red blood cell (RBC) antibodies. However, supporting data come from Caucasian-dominant populations. Non-Caucasian populations should be investigated as well. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this single-centre, retrospective, sequential study, Alb-IAT was used from 1989 to 1996 (8 years) and PEG-IAT from 1997 to 2008 (12 years)...

BACKGROUND: Pegylation of red blood cells (RBCs) has been the primary focus of research on the immunocamouflage of cell. The aim of this study was to demonstrate pegylation homogeneity, its shielding effect on D antigens, and its storage stability. In addition, methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG)-modified RBCs (mPEG-RBCs) were tested serologically against a panel of serum samples that was difficult to match to find a solution to the difficulty in matching. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this study, fluorescein-PEG and a confocal laser scanning microscope were used to monitor PEG attachment on RBC population and observe reaction homogeneity, the stability of mPEG combined with RBCs in vitro was evaluated by the RBC ghost agglutination test, the pegylation sites on membrane were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with two dye methods, and the effect of pegylation on D antigen was detected by immunoblotting techniques...

The Rodgers (Rg(a)) antigen is a plasma protein that binds to the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. About 2 to 3% of the transfusion-recipient white population lacks the antigen and can produce anti-Rg(a) antibody. We report the case of a 70-yr-old man who presented with a medical history of hairy cell leukemia and profound pancytopenia that required RBC and platelet (PLT) transfusions. The patient had received 2 units of RBCs and 4 PLT concentrate pools. He was typed as O Rh(D) positive, with positive reactions in all 3-screen cells using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) indirect antiglobulin test/IAT (anti-IgG)...

This study compared the performance of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and low-ionic saline solutions (LISS) as enhancement media for routine use in a large transfusion service. A PEG additive solution (PEG plus LISS) was compared to a LISS additive (LISS plus polymers) and to an albumin-indirect antiglobulin test (A-IAT). Fifty serum samples containing clinically significant alloantibodies and fifty samples without alloantibodies were tested. Following an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) involving an anti-K that was not detected with LISS but was retrospectively found to be reactive with PEG, an additional 151 samples received for antibody screening were prospectively evaluated in parallel using PEG and LISS...

There are several methods for antibody detection and each technique has advantages and limitations. We compared the performance of the tube (polyethylene glycol-indirect antiglobulin test [PEG-IAT]) and gel test technique for antibody identification. From January to May 1999, we performed antibody screening tests by gel and tube techniques on 10,123 random blood samples submitted to our reference laboratory. Six hundred and twenty-eight (6.2%) reactive samples were tested for antibody specificity by both methods...

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used as a potentiator of blood group antigen-antibody interactions. Although PEG is known to precipitate immunoglobulins, we could find no reports of this reagent entrapping red blood cells (RBCs) in irreversible clumps. The patient we describe here had hyperglobulinemia with a reversed albumin:globulin ratio and a diffuse immunoglobulin peak on serum protein electrophoresis. During preparation of serologic tests, a precipitate formed that entrapped the RBCs when PEG was added. Rapid recognition of this phenomenon could prevent delay in the selection of blood for transfusion by substituting PEG-indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) with another technique such as low-ionic-strength solution (LISS)-IAT, and by increasing the number of washes prior to addition of the antiglobulin reagent...

We aimed to evaluate whether a PEG-IAT method, modified for gel technique, could replace the two-stage enzyme method for routine identification of red blood cell (RBC) antibodies.A total of 161 selected patient samples were analyzed with the two-stage enzyme tube technique and the PEG-IAT in gel techniques. In 65 samples, identical antibody results were obtained by the two methods. An additional 28 antibodies were identified by either the PEG-IAT gel method or the enzyme method. Twenty antibodies were identified by the PEG-IAT gel method only (12 Rh antibodies, four anti-Kell, two anti-Fya, two anti-Jka), and eight antibodies by the enzyme method only (four Rh antibodies, one anti-K, one anti-Jka, two anti-Lea)...

BACKGROUND: The prewarm (PW) technique is a popular approach to determine whether cold antibodies are reacting at 37 degrees C or to detect potentially clinically significant antibodies in the presence of cold autoantibodies. The PW technique has been criticized because of unexpected loss of antibody reactivity and inappropriate use of the method. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Sera containing 94 antibodies were tested by routine and PW PBS-, LISS-, and PEG-IAT. LISS-IAT was also compared to PW PBS-IAT...

BACKGROUND: In many cases, the search for compatible blood for patients with clinically significant RBC alloantibodies is difficult and time-consuming. To date, it has been considered necessary only to phenotype the blood donors for ABO group and D. There has been long experience with automated routine analysis (ABO, C, c, D, E, and e typing and RBC antibody screening), using robotic dispensers and computerized interpretation of microplate results. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of also phenotyping for K, Fy(a), and Jk(a), as antibodies directed against these antigens (together with Rh antigens) are the most common clinically significant alloantibodies in the Swedish population...

BACKGROUND: The ideal pretransfusion testing strategy identifies maximal significant antibodies at minimal cost. Objectives of this study were to compare the characteristics of three testing methods and determine their optimal incorporation into the following generic testing sequence: 1) screen, for antibodies 2) if results are positive, use primary identification method, 3) if results are inconclusive, use secondary identification method. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 2000 consecutive, unselected, coded specimens were tested with three screening methods-PEG IAT, manual and automated solid phase red cell adherence assay (SPRCA)...

Results of indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) were compared with conventional IAT performed using bovine serume albumin (BSA) with the aim of prenatal protection of Rh(D) negative pregnant women. Investigation enrolled 986 samples of pregnant women sera and confirmed that the use of PEG-IAT increased the degree of detection of clinically significant antierythrocyte antibodies. Above all, form the Rhesus blood groups system (using exclusively PEG-IAT) was detected by one antibody of anti-D, anti-C, anti-e and two anti-E), while by using BSA, anti-e was not detected at all...

The authors report two cases of severe hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) attributable to Rh antibodies, which were not detectable by the saline indirect antiglobulin test (SIAT), low ionic strength saline solution technique (LISS), or two-stage enzyme (Enz) indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), but were readily detectable by the manual polybrene technique (MPT), MPT-IAT, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) IAT. With rare exceptions, Rh antibodies can usually be easily detected by the SIAT or Enz-IAT, and seldom cause intravascular HTR...

All specimens received in the blood bank over a 5-month period for crossmatch or group and screen requests were tested in parallel by a polyethylene glycol-indirect antiglobulin test (PEG-IAT) and a low-ionic-strength saline (LISS)-IAT. The sera of 41 of 1471 patients had reactions, with 50 antibodies being detected. Ten antibodies reacted only on the PEG-IAT and 14 only by the LISS-IAT; the remaining 26 antibodies were detected by both methods. Of the antibodies that reacted only by the LISS-IAT, one (anti-Jka) was considered clinically significant, whereas five of the antibodies that reacted only by the PEG-IAT (1 anti-c, 2-Fya, 1-Jkb, and 1-S) were considered significant...