dietary recommendations for diabetes

Worldwide stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of death and disability combined. The estimated global economic burden by stroke is over US$891 billion per year. Within three decades (1990-2019), the incidence increased by 70%, deaths by 43%, prevalence by 102%, and DALYs by 143%. Of over 100 million people affected by stroke, about 76% are ischemic stroke (IS) patients recorded worldwide. Contextually, ischemic stroke moves into particular focus of multi-professional groups including researchers, healthcare industry, economists, and policy-makers...

Low-protein diets (LPDs), usually defined as a daily dietary protein intake of 0.6 to 0.8 g/kg body weight, have been recommended for decades as a safe and effective lifestyle modification to ameliorate inflammatory damage and proteinuria, reduce glomerular hyperfiltration, and improve metabolic acidosis control in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mechanism for this is largely attributed to altered tubuloglomerular feedback and afferent arteriole contraction leading to decreased glomerular pressure...

Meat is not only a source of several nutrients but also a proposed risk factor for several non-communicable diseases. Here, we describe the totality of evidence for the role of meat intake for chronic disease outcomes, discuss potential mechanistic pathways, knowledge gaps, and limitations of the literature. Use of the scoping review is based on a de novo systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis on the association between poultry intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), qualified SRs (as defined in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 project) on meat intake and cancer by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and a systematic literature search of SRs and meta-analyses...

The association of hypertension and diabetes mellitus is extremely common, increasing the mortality risk of patients, mainly by cardiovascular causes. Regarding the blood pressure (BP) targets to be achieved, most guidelines suggest levels of 130 mmHg for SBP and of 80 mmHg for DBP. Dietary modifications are quite effective, and many studies suggest that decreasing sodium intake and increasing potassium ingestion are both valuable practices for reducing BP. This can be achieved by stimulating the ingestion of lacteous products, vegetables, and nuts...

OBJECTIVE: ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a key modifiable factor in the intervention of type 2 diabetes, yet recommendations for dietary consumption of ω-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes remain ambiguous and controversial. Here, we revisit the subject in the light of population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PPK-PD) modeling and propose a threshold for intake. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma levels of ω-3 PUFA and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) were measured as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indicator, respectively...

BACKGROUND: The escalating global obesity epidemic and the emergence of personalized medicine strategies point to the pressing need to investigate the interplay between genetic risk scores (GRSs), dietary intake, and their combined impact on weight status. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from diverse studies to elucidate how dietary patterns and individual foods interact with genetic predisposition to obesity. METHODS: Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, and Scopus databases until August 2023, following PRISMA guidelines...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that occurs when cells do not respond normally to insulin, a condition called insulin resistance, which leads to high blood glucose levels. Although it can be treated pharmacologically, dietary habits beyond carbohydrate restriction can be highly relevant in the management of T2D. Emerging evidence supports the possibility that natural products (NPs) could contribute to managing blood glucose or counteract the undesirable effects of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This chapter summarizes the relevant preclinical evidence involving the flavonoid (-)-epicatechin (EC) in the optimization of glucose homeostasis, reducing insulin resistance and/or diabetes-associated disorders...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Differences of dietary pattern adherence across the novel diabetes endotypes are unknown. This study assessed adherence to pre-specified dietary patterns and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors, kidney function, and neuropathy among diabetes endotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS: The cross-sectional analysis included 765 individuals with recent-onset (67 %) and prevalent diabetes (33 %) from the German Diabetes Study (GDS) allocated into severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID, 35 %), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD, 3 %), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD, 5 %), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD, 28 %), and mild age-related diabetes (MARD, 29 %)...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. DESIGN: Systematic umbrella review of existing meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as manual searches of reference lists from 2009 to June 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort, case-control, and/or cross sectional study designs...

INTRODUCTION: Little research has examined how community-engaged and -participatory dietary interventions adapted to remotely-accessible settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVES: To identify lessons learned in design, implementation, and evaluation of a remotely-accessible, community-based, nurse-led approach of a culturally-tailored whole food plant-based culinary intervention for Latina/o/x adults to reduce type 2 diabetes risk, delivered during a pandemic...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dietary control and increased physical activity (PA) are recommended for patients with metabolic (dysfunction-) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, not all patients can sustain both exercise and a healthy diet. This study explored the interaction between dietary quality, PA levels, and mortality in MAFLD patients. METHODS: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and linked mortality data were used in this study...

It is a well-evidenced fact that diet significantly impacts type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention and management. However, dietary responses vary among different populations, necessitating personalized recommendations. Substantial evidence supports the role of diet in T2DM remission, particularly low-energy or low-carbohydrate diets that facilitate weight loss, enhance glycemic control, and achieve remission. This review aims to comprehensively analyze and compare personalized nutritional interventions with non-personalized approaches in T2DM remission...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Diet plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD. Our hypothesis was that the intake of some macronutrients, vitamins, or mineral elements is associated with MAFLD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with MAFLD can be diagnosed based on the evidence of hepatic steatosis and if they meet any of the three additional criteria of overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, or metabolic dysregulation...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cancer are a significant public health burden in the Nordic and Baltic countries. High intake of eggs, mainly due to its high cholesterol content, has been suggested to have adverse health effects. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the evidence related to the impact of egg intake on health. A literature search identified 38 systematic reviews and meta-analyses on egg consumption in relation to health outcomes published between 2011 and 30 April 2022...

BACKGROUND: Nuts and seeds have been part of diets in most of the world for millenniums, and they have also been consumed in the Nordic and Baltic countries for centuries. Consumption of nuts and seeds is linked with various health outcomes. Therefore, when updating the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR), summarizing the best evidence on key health outcomes from the consumption of nuts and seeds is essential. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the updated evidence on the consumption of nuts and seeds and health outcomes regarded relevant for the Nordic and Baltic countries, as well as their dose-response relationship presented in updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses...

Myo-inositol (MI) is a carbocyclic sugar polyalcohol. MI has known to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MI supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 51 newly diagnosed obese patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive either MI (4 g/day) or placebo supplements accompanied by dietary recommendations for 8 weeks...

Pregnancy and lactation are special life stages that require regular nutritional and medical attention to help protect the health of the mother and promote the growth and development of the offspring. Despite an increased focus on maternal and fetal health over the last several decades, the rates of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality are increasing in the United States (US). On average, Black women who are pregnant or lactating face greater health disparities and birth complications than other racial/ethnic groups in the US...

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in middle- and low-income countries, and this disease is a burden on public health systems. Notably, dietary components are crucial regulatory factors in T2DM. Plant-based dietary patterns and certain food groups, such as whole grains, legumes, nuts, vegetables, and fruits, are inversely correlated with diabetes incidence. We conducted the present study to determine the association between adherence to a plant-based diet and the risk of diabetes among adults...

OBJECTIVES: Dietary habits significantly affect health conditions and are closely related to the onset and progression of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Consequently, a well-balanced diet plays an important role in lessening the effects of various disorders, including NCDs. Several artificial intelligence recommendation systems have been developed to propose healthy and nutritious diets. Most of these systems use expert knowledge and guidelines to provide tailored diets and encourage healthier eating habits...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the nutritional content and quality of the Turkish Red Crescent (TRC) menus delivered to earthquake victims after the 2023 earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye. METHODS: The menus of general, search-rescue, diabetes, and celiac were obtained from the TRC following the magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.6 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. The nutrient content of the menus was evaluated with the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF20.3) score...