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Seung Heon Lee, Sukyung Lee, Hyunsung Kim, Gheun-Ho Kim
Pseudo-Bartter syndrome is a well-known differential diagnosis that needs to be excluded in cases of normotensive hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. Pseudo-Bartter syndrome and pseudo-Gitelman syndrome are often collectively referred to as pseudo-Bartter/Gitelman syndrome; however, pseudo-Gitelman syndrome should be considered as a separate entity because Gitelman syndrome is characterized by hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia, while Bartter syndrome is usually associated with hypercalciuria. Herein, we report the cases of two young adult female patients who presented with severe hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria, and hypomagnesemia...
December 2023: Electrolyte & Blood Pressure: E & BP
#2
A Janchevska, V Tasic, O Jordanova, Z Gucev, L Jenkins, N Jovanovska, D Plaseska-Karanfilska, E Ashton, D Bockenhauer
Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare renal tubulopathy with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the SLC12A3 gene. The clinical features may overlap with other disorders, such as Bartter syndrome type 3, HNF1B nephropathy or even mitochondrial disease, but can be distinguished by molecular genetic analysis. Here we report on two preschool brothers, who presented with a several months' history of episodes of carpopedal spasms and muscle aches. The biochemical analyses revealed hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia without metabolic alkalosis...
July 2023: Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics: BJMG
#3
Abeselom Geletu, Jayna Gardner-Gray, Meaghan Roche, Marina Ngassa
Gitelman syndrome is a salt-wasting tubulopathy characterized by profound hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypocalciuria. Cardiac arrest is a relatively rare manifestation of Gitelman syndrome. Here we present a case of Gitelman syndrome in a patient with recurrent cardiac arrest. A 43-year-old female was admitted for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular fibrillation. Initial workup revealed severe hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis, and prolonged QTc. The workup revealed a picture of salt-wasting tubulopathy with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria...
January 2023: Curēus
#4
Mark Stevenson, Alistair T Pagnamenta, Heather G Mack, Judith Savige, Edoardo Giacopuzzi, Kate E Lines, Jenny C Taylor, Rajesh V Thakker
Bartter syndrome (BS) and Gitelman syndrome (GS) are renal tubular disorders affecting sodium, potassium, and chloride reabsorption. Clinical features include muscle cramps and weakness, in association with hypokalemia, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, and hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism. Hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria are typical of GS, while juxtaglomerular hyperplasia is characteristic of BS. GS is due to SLC12A3 variants, whereas BS is due to variants in SLC12A1 , KCNJ1 , CLCNKA , CLCNKB , BSND , MAGED2 , or CASR ...
July 1, 2022: Journal of the Endocrine Society
#5
REVIEW
Yeji Ham, Heather Mack, Deb Colville, Philip Harraka, Judy Savige
Gitelman syndrome is a rare inherited renal tubular disorder with features that resemble thiazide use, including a hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria and a low or normal blood pressure, hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism. Treatment is primarily correction of the potassium and magnesium levels. The diagnosis is confirmed with genetic testing but Gitelman syndrome is often not suspected. However, the association with ectopic calcification in the retina, blood vessels and chondrocalcinosis in the joints is a useful pointer to this diagnosis...
September 2021: Clinical Kidney Journal
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lijun Mou, Fengfen Wu
Gitelman syndrome (GS) and Bartter syndrome (BS) type III are both rare, recessively inherited salt-losing tubulopathies caused by SLC12A3 and CLCNKB mutations, respectively. We described a 48-year-old male patient with fatigue, carpopedal spasm, arthralgia, hypokalemic alkalosis, mild renal dysfunction, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, hyperuricemia, normotension, hyperreninemia and chondrocalcinosis in knees and Achilles tendons. His parents are first cousin. Genetic analysis revealed simultaneous homozygous mutations in SLC12A3 gene with c...
March 5, 2021: Genes
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takayasu Mori, Motoko Chiga, Takuya Fujimaru, Ryosuke Kawamoto, Shintaro Mandai, Azuma Nanamatsu, Naohiro Nomura, Fumiaki Ando, Koichiro Susa, Eisei Sohara, Tatemitsu Rai, Shinichi Uchida
Gitelman syndrome (GS), an autosomal recessive kidney disorder, is characterized by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and metabolic alkalosis. Generally, diagnosis is made in school-aged children but multiple cases have been diagnosed in adulthood. This study examines the phenotypic differences between genetically confirmed cases and mutation-negative cases in adults. A comprehensive screening of 168 genes, including GS-related genes, was performed for 84 independent individuals who were referred to our institute with a clinical diagnosis of GS...
March 2021: Human Mutation
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bingzi Dong, Ying Chen, Xinying Liu, Yangang Wang, Fang Wang, Yuhang Zhao, Xiaofang Sun, Wenjuan Zhao
BACKGROUND: Gitelman syndrome is a rare salt-losing renal tubular disorder associated with mutation of SLC12A3 gene, which encodes the Na-Cl co-transporter (NCCT). Gitelman syndrome is characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation. Different SLC12A3 variants may lead to phenotypic variability and severity. METHODS: In this study, we reported the clinical features and genetic analysis of a Chinese pedigree diagnosed with Gitelman syndrome...
August 5, 2020: BMC Nephrology
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anne Blanchard, Pierre-Yves Courand, Marine Livrozet, Rosa Vargas-Poussou
Bartter-Gitelman syndromes are rare inherited autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathies characterized by severe and chronic hypokalemia associated with metabolic alkalosis and secondary hyperaldosteronism. Bartter syndrome results from a furosemide-like defect in sodium reabsorption in the Henle's loop leading to hypercalciuria and defect in urinary concentration capacity. The antenatal Bartter syndrome is defined by polyhydramnios and an infantile polyuria with severe dehydration whereas classic Bartter syndrome appears during childhood or adulthood...
July 2020: Néphrologie & Thérapeutique
#10
Dimitrios Mamalis, Theodora Stratigou, Natalia G Vallianou, Georgios G Ioannidis, Theofanis Apostolou
Chronic hypokalemia is the main finding in patients with Gitelman's syndrome (GS). GS, a variant of Bartter's syndrome, is an autosomal recessive renal disorder characterized by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypocalciuria. GS is caused by inactivating mutations in the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter gene. It is also called the "milder" form of Bartter's syndrome, as patients with GS are usually diagnosed in adulthood during routine investigation. Our objective is to highlight the impact of correct distinction between the causes of hypokalemia on management and the need of long-term follow- up after the restoration of normokalemic status...
January 2020: Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation
#11
REVIEW
Kandai Nozu, Tomohiko Yamamura, Tomoko Horinouchi, China Nagano, Nana Sakakibara, Kenji Ishikura, Riku Hamada, Naoya Morisada, Kazumoto Iijima
Bartter syndrome (BS) and Gitelman syndrome (GS) are syndromes associated with congenital tubular dysfunction, characterized by hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Clinically, BS is classified into two types: the severe antenatal/neonatal type, which develops during the fetal period with polyhydramnios and preterm delivery; and the relatively mild classic type, which is usually found during infancy with failure to thrive. GS can be clinically differentiated from BS by its age at onset, usually after school age, or laboratory findings of hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria...
April 2020: Pediatrics International: Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuanmei Kong, Ke Xu, Ke Yuan, Jianfang Zhu, Weiyue Gu, Li Liang, Chunlin Wang
BACKGROUND: Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disorder and mild variant of classic Bartter syndrome. The latter is caused by defects in the genes CLCNKB and/or CLCNKA (chloride voltage-gated channel Ka and Kb). Patients with GS usually have loss-of-function mutations in SLC12A3. No patient has been reported with compound heterozygous mutations in these genes. We report a girl with GS with a paternally inherited heterozygous mutation in SLC12A3, and maternally inherited heterozygous variants in both CLCNKB and CLCNKA...
April 18, 2019: BMC Pediatrics
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive, salt-losing tubulopathy caused by inactivating mutations in the SLC 12 A 3 gene that encodes the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC). GS is characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. GS is one of the most common inherited renal tubulopathy with a prevalence estimated at about one to ten per 40 000 people. The prevalence of GS is even higher in Asia than other countries. The majority of GS patients present mild and nonspecific symptoms during adolescence or adulthood...
September 1, 2017: Zhonghua Nei Ke za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine]
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ernie M H F Bongers, Luke M Shelton, Susanne Milatz, Sjoerd Verkaart, Anneke P Bech, Jeroen Schoots, Elisabeth A M Cornelissen, Markus Bleich, Joost G J Hoenderop, Jack F M Wetzels, Dorien Lugtenberg, Tom Nijenhuis
Mice lacking distal tubular expression of CLDN10 , the gene encoding the tight junction protein Claudin-10, show enhanced paracellular magnesium and calcium permeability and reduced sodium permeability in the thick ascending limb (TAL), leading to a urine concentrating defect. However, the function of renal Claudin-10 in humans remains undetermined. We identified and characterized CLDN10 mutations in two patients with a hypokalemic-alkalotic salt-losing nephropathy. The first patient was diagnosed with Bartter syndrome (BS) >30 years ago...
October 2017: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN
#15
R A Misgar, Z Hassan, A I Wani, M I Bashir
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited dental enamel defects. It has rarely been reported in association with multiorgan syndromes and metabolic disorders. The metabolic disorders that have been reported in association with AI include hypocalciuria, impaired urinary concentrating ability, and Bartter-like syndrome. In literature, only three cases of AI and distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) have been described: two cases in adults and a solitary case in the pediatric age group...
2017: Indian Journal of Nephrology
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elsa Seys, Olga Andrini, Mathilde Keck, Lamisse Mansour-Hendili, Pierre-Yves Courand, Christophe Simian, Georges Deschenes, Theresa Kwon, Aurélia Bertholet-Thomas, Guillaume Bobrie, Jean Sébastien Borde, Guylhène Bourdat-Michel, Stéphane Decramer, Mathilde Cailliez, Pauline Krug, Paul Cozette, Jean Daniel Delbet, Laurence Dubourg, Dominique Chaveau, Marc Fila, Noémie Jourde-Chiche, Bertrand Knebelmann, Marie-Pierre Lavocat, Sandrine Lemoine, Djamal Djeddi, Brigitte Llanas, Ferielle Louillet, Elodie Merieau, Maria Mileva, Luisa Mota-Vieira, Christiane Mousson, François Nobili, Robert Novo, Gwenaëlle Roussey-Kesler, Isabelle Vrillon, Stephen B Walsh, Jacques Teulon, Anne Blanchard, Rosa Vargas-Poussou
Bartter syndrome type 3 is a clinically heterogeneous hereditary salt-losing tubulopathy caused by mutations of the chloride voltage-gated channel Kb gene ( CLCNKB ), which encodes the ClC-Kb chloride channel involved in NaCl reabsorption in the renal tubule. To study phenotype/genotype correlations, we performed genetic analyses by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and retrospectively analyzed medical charts for 115 patients with CLCNKB mutations. Functional analyses were performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes for eight missense and two nonsense mutations...
August 2017: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Helena Gil-Peña, Eliecer Coto, Fernando Santos, Mar Espino, Jose Mª Cea Crespo, Giannis Chantzopoulos, Filadelfia Komianou, Juan Gómez, Belén Alonso, Sara Iglesias, Cyrielle Treard, Rosa Vargas-Poussou
BACKGROUND: Gitelman's syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SLC12A3 gene. GS is characterized by hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. Most of the reported patients of Roma ancestry are homozygous for an SLC12A3 intron 9 frameshifting mutation (c.1180+1G>T). Some forms of Bartter's syndrome result from mutations in the CLNCKB gene and clinically overlap with GS. OBJECTIVES: To characterize a second SLC12A3 mutation in Roma patients negative for the intron 9 variant...
July 2017: Nefrología: Publicación Oficial de la Sociedad Española Nefrologia
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alejandro García Castaño, Gustavo Pérez de Nanclares, Leire Madariaga, Mireia Aguirre, Álvaro Madrid, Sara Chocrón, Inmaculada Nadal, Mercedes Navarro, Elena Lucas, Julia Fijo, Mar Espino, Zilac Espitaletta, Víctor García Nieto, David Barajas de Frutos, Reyner Loza, Guillem Pintos, Luis Castaño, Gema Ariceta
INTRODUCTION: Type III Bartter syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubule disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the CLCNKB gene, which encodes the chloride channel protein ClC-Kb. In this study, we carried out a complete clinical and genetic characterization in a cohort of 30 patients, one of the largest series described. By comparing with other published populations, and considering that 80% of our patients presented the p.Ala204Thr Spanish founder mutation presumably associated with a common phenotype, we aimed to test the hypothesis that allelic differences could explain the wide phenotypic variability observed in patients with type III BS...
2017: PloS One
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jae Wook Lee, Jeonghwan Lee, Nam Ju Heo, Hae Il Cheong, Jin Suk Han
Gitelman's syndrome (GS) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in SLC12A3 and characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria, and hypomagnesemia. Long-term prognosis and the role of gene diagnosis in GS are still unclear. To investigate genotype-phenotype correlation in GS and Gitelman-like syndrome, we enrolled 34 patients who showed hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis without secondary causes. Mutation analysis of SLC12A3 and CLCNKB was performed. Thirty-one patients had mutations in SLC12A3, 5 patients in CLCNKB, and 2 patients in both genes...
January 2016: Journal of Korean Medical Science
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ahmed El Beltagi, Alexander Norbash, Surjith Vattoth
Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. The syndrome is caused by a defective thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride co-transporter in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. Gitelman syndrome could be confused with Bartter syndrome; the main differentiating feature is the presence of low urinary calcium excretion in the former. Descriptions of neuroradiological imaging findings associated with Gitelman syndrome are very scarce in the literature and include basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic intracranial hypertension and sclerochoroidal calcification...
October 2015: Neuroradiology Journal
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