Andrea Antal, Bruce Luber, Anna-Katharine Brem, Marom Bikson, Andre R Brunoni, Roi Cohen Kadosh, Veljko Dubljević, Shirley Fecteau, Florinda Ferreri, Agnes Flöel, Mark Hallett, Roy H Hamilton, Christoph S Herrmann, Michal Lavidor, Collen Loo, Caroline Lustenberger, Sergio Machado, Carlo Miniussi, Vera Moliadze, Michael A Nitsche, Simone Rossi, Paolo M Rossini, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Margitta Seeck, Gregor Thut, Zsolt Turi, Yoshikazu Ugawa, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Nicole Wenderoth, Anna Wexler, Ulf Ziemann, Walter Paulus
Attempts to enhance human memory and learning ability have a long tradition in science. This topic has recently gained substantial attention because of the increasing percentage of older individuals worldwide and the predicted rise of age-associated cognitive decline in brain functions. Transcranial brain stimulation methods, such as transcranial magnetic (TMS) and transcranial electric (tES) stimulation, have been extensively used in an effort to improve cognitive functions in humans. Here we summarize the available data on low-intensity tES for this purpose, in comparison to repetitive TMS and some pharmacological agents, such as caffeine and nicotine...
2022: Clinical Neurophysiology Practice