self regulated learning

UNLABELLED: Small RNAs have been found to control a broad range of bacterial phenotypes including tolerance to antibiotics. Vancomycin tolerance in multidrug resistance Staphylococcus aureus is correlated with dysregulation of small RNAs although their contribution to antibiotic tolerance is poorly understood. RNA-RNA interactome profiling techniques are expanding our understanding of sRNA-mRNA interactions in bacteria; however, determining the function of these interactions for hundreds of sRNA-mRNA pairs is a major challenge...

Learned resourcefulness is a broad and abstract concept that refers to the ability to use self-observation and self-control to change internal negative feelings, emotions, or thoughts to reduce the adverse effects of stress on emotions and behavior. Excessive stress negatively affects the physical and mental health of individuals, and learned resourcefulness can help alleviate the effects of stress. Nursing measures implemented in a timely manner to enhance patients' self-regulation ability and improve their mental and physical stability are important...

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after trauma. In high-income countries first responders are trained in hemorrhage control techniques but this is not the case for developing countries like Guatemala. We present a low-cost training model for tourniquet application using a combination of virtual and physical components. METHODS: The training program includes a mobile application with didactic materials, videos and a gamified virtual reality environment for learning...

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is considered a construct of great heuristic value and has attracted the attention of numerous researchers and inspired influential theoretical models. The objective of the present study was to provide an up-to-date, comparative and integrated description of the theoretical models of SRL used in current empirical research. For this purpose, we conducted a critical review of the scientific literature referring explicitly to any SRL model and we described, compared and integrated the processes and personal and situational dimensions considered in each model...

People with personality disorders (PDs) are often difficult to reach emotionally in therapy. As music therapy (MT) provides an entry point to emotions and facilitates contact and communication, it is regularly used with this target group. This study presents a case study of a 40-year-old woman diagnosed with a PD not otherwise defined. "Nina" experienced depressive and physical symptoms, including severe anxiety. Previous treatments had failed. In MT, she experienced a sense of safety. Over the course of the treatment, she experimented with making herself heard, learned to listen to herself and recognize her own physical signals, permitted closeness and cooperation, and began setting boundaries and taking initiative...

Central in nurse education curricula stands the preparation of future nurses to work in quickly evolving, dynamic, clinical wards. Learning in the flow of work plays a pivotal role in initial nurse education, but also during continuous professional development. To drive their ongoing development, nurses need competency in self-regulation of learning (SRL). Despite the importance of SRL in the clinical workplace for all (future) healthcare professionals, research on self-regulated workplace learning (SRwpL) of nurses and future nurses in clinical wards is underdeveloped...

PROBLEM: Although the practice of medicine is often emotionally challenging, medical curricula seldom systematically address the emotional development of medical students. To fill this gap, the authors developed and evaluated an innovative pedagogical activity based on music to nurture medical students' emotional development. The authors believe that the metaphoric nature of music offers an efficient venue for exploring emotion perception, expression, and regulation. APPROACH: The pedagogical activity Emotions in Medicine was carried out throughout 2020 and 2021 and consisted of 4 encounters to explore: (1) emotion perception, (2) emotion expression, (3) emotion regulation, and (4) the role of emotions in medical practice...

Operant conditioning of neural activation has been researched for decades in humans and animals. Many theories suggest two parallel learning processes, implicit and explicit. The degree to which feedback affects these processes individually remains to be fully understood and may contribute to a large percentage of non-learners. Our goal is to determine the explicit decision-making processes in response to feedback representing an operant conditioning environment. We developed a simulated operant conditioning environment based on a feedback model of spinal reflex excitability, one of the simplest forms of neural operant conditioning...

Self-regulated learning is a transversal competency which plays a central role in acquiring autonomy. This investigation aimed to support approaches that foster self-regulated learning in preschool. We proposed to improve preschoolers' self-regulated learning strategies (i.e., forethought, performance, and self-reflection) through the educational intervention Pipo and Mia, the magic knights, hypothesizing different results when comparing levels of the program intervention. Participants included 115 preschoolers and their nine teachers...

BACKGROUND: The National Competence Based Catalogue of Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Medical Education (NKLM) cites empathy as a basic competence for medical doctors. Based on a multidimensional concept of clinical empathy, empathy profiles of medical students at the start of their training and in the 9th semester were identified and compared in order to draw conclusions for the conception of effective course offers. METHOD: Using the Saarbrücker Personality Questionnaire on Empathy (SPF-IRI), self-rated empathy was recorded in a cross-sectional study of medical students (1st semester: N=192/9th semester: N=221)...

Here we build on recent findings which show that greater alignment between our subjective experiences (how we feel) and physiological states (measurable changes in our body) plays a pivotal role in the overall psychological well-being. Specifically, we propose that the alignment or 'coherence' between affective arousal (e.g. how excited we 'feel') and autonomic arousal (e.g. heart rate or pupil dilation) may be key for maintaining up-to-date uncertainty representations in dynamic environments. Drawing on recent advances in interoceptive and affective inference, we also propose that arousal coherence reflects interoceptive integration, facilitates adaptive belief updating, and impacts our capacity to adapt to changes in uncertainty, with downstream consequences to well-being...

OBJECTIVES: The Master Adaptive Learner (MAL) model postulates that learners develop adaptive expertise through cycles of self-regulated learning. Despite a robust theoretical basis, the actual observable behaviors of MALs are not well characterized. We sought to define behaviors that characterize MALs within emergency medicine (EM) training. METHODS: Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, we analyzed semistructured interviews with expert EM educators...

Our commentary expands the multisensory and modulating factors proposed by Kruger et al.'s (2023) internal models of action imagery and sensory crossovers. We will discuss the essence of imagery experiences as conceptual intersections among sensory, movement and affective properties that require further neuro-anatomical-contextual mapping to better understand the practical application of imagery. Accordingly, we will propose alternative ideas of daisy-chaining and motor imagery systems. The role of imagery speed, and other properties of movement for refining movement and self-regulation will be considered along with sex as a modulating factor in intra-individual abilities to image movement...

Evidence indicates that the anterior (aIC), but not posterior (pIC), insular cortex promotes cued reinstatement of cocaine seeking after extinction in rats. It is unknown whether these subregions also regulate heroin seeking and whether such involvement depends on prior extinction learning. To address these questions, we used baclofen and muscimol (BM) to inactivate the aIC or pIC bilaterally during a seeking test after extinction or prolonged withdrawal from heroin. Male Sprague-Dawley rats in the extinction groups underwent 10+ days of heroin self-administration, followed by 6+ days of extinction sessions, and subsequent cued or heroin-primed reinstatement...

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, characterized by social interaction, communication difficulties, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Existing intervention methods have limitations, such as requiring long treatment periods and needing to be more convenient to implement. Extended Reality (XR) technology offers a virtual environment to enhance children's social, communication, and self-regulation skills. This paper compares XR theoretical models, application examples, and intervention effects...

Working memory (WM) involves a dynamic interplay between temporary maintenance and updating of goal-relevant information. The balance between maintenance and updating is regulated by an input-gating mechanism that determines which information should enter WM (gate opening) and which should be kept out (gate closing). We investigated whether updating and gate opening/closing are differentially sensitive to the kind of information to be encoded and maintained in WM. Specifically, since the social salience of a stimulus is known to affect cognitive performance, we investigated if self-relevant information differentially impacts maintenance, updating, or gate opening/closing...

BACKGROUND: The assessment of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a therapeutic alternative for treating Alzheimer disease (AD) is ongoing. We aimed to determine the effects of intracranial self-stimulation at the medial forebrain bundle (MFB-ICSS) on spatial memory, neurodegeneration, and serum expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a rat model of sporadic AD created by injection of streptozotocin. We hypothesized that MFB-ICSS would reverse the behavioural effects of streptozotocin and modulate hippocampal neuronal density and serum levels of the miRNAs...

OBJECTIVE:  Although the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) provide regulations and guidance on fellowship didactic education, each program establishes their own didactic schedules to address these learning needs. Wide variation exists in content, educators, amount of protected educational time, and the format for didactic lectures. This inconsistency can contribute to fellow dissatisfaction, a perceived poor learning experience, and poor attendance...

Drugs of abuse can persistently change the reward circuit in ways that contribute to relapse behavior, partly via mechanisms that regulate chromatin structure and function. Nuclear orphan receptor subfamily4 groupA member2 (NR4A2, also known as NURR1) is an important effector of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-dependent mechanisms in persistent memory processes and is highly expressed in the medial habenula (MHb), a region that regulates nicotine-associated behaviors. Here, expressing the Nr4a2 dominant negative (Nurr2c) in the MHb blocks reinstatement of cocaine seeking in mice...

Children with autism spectrum disorder often demonstrate self-regulation challenges and academic difficulties. Although self-regulation has been well documented as an important factor for academic achievement in neurotypical children, little is known about how it is related to academic learning in autistic children, especially during preschool, a critical developmental period for both emergent academic skills and self-regulatory abilities. It is also unclear whether school engagement or autism characteristics influence the relation between self-regulation and academic learning in autistic children during preschool...