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INTRODUCTION: Clinical trials are the gold standard for testing the efficacy and safety of interventions. On their own they may not be enough to reach definitive conclusions, but they are the basis for systematic reviews that synthesize the results of several studies. However, once clinical trials have been published, a poor description of the study design and lack of specific key words and descriptors make it difficult to retrieve them by electronic searches, thus requiring hand searching...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible mechanism underlaying interference of epihopin on the proliferation of AML KG-1a cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, so as to prvide the experimental basis for development of drug to treat the AML. METHODS: A total of 50 c57BL/6 mice were randomy divided into 5 group:blank control, model control, high, medium and low dose of epihopin. Except the blank control group, the KG-1a cells were injected in abdominal cavity of 4 groups for the establishment of model...

BACKGROUND: Missing data may seriously compromise inferences from randomised clinical trials, especially if missing data are not handled appropriately. The potential bias due to missing data depends on the mechanism causing the data to be missing, and the analytical methods applied to amend the missingness. Therefore, the analysis of trial data with missing values requires careful planning and attention. METHODS: The authors had several meetings and discussions considering optimal ways of handling missing data to minimise the bias potential...

AIM: To evaluate post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction during prolonged targeted temperature management (TTM) compared with standard TTM in comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. METHODS: A randomised, controlled trial comparing myocardial function after TTM at 33 ±1°C for 48h compared with 24h. A total of 105 OHCA patients were computer-randomised to 24h (n=50) or 48h (n=55) of TTM. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed after 24h, 48h and 72h...

BACKGROUND: The cluster randomised crossover (CRXO) design is gaining popularity in trial settings where individual randomisation or parallel group cluster randomisation is not feasible or practical. Our aim is to stimulate discussion on the content of a reporting guideline for CRXO trials and to assess the reporting quality of published CRXO trials. METHODS: We undertook a systematic review of CRXO trials. Searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL Plus as well as citation searches of CRXO methodological articles were conducted to December 2014...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Adolescents are frequent media users who access health claims from various sources. The plethora of conflicting, pseudo-scientific, and often misleading health claims in popular media makes critical appraisal of health claims an essential ability. Schools play an important role in educating youth to critically appraise health claims. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of school-based educational interventions for enhancing adolescents' abilities in critically appraising health claims...

Lipid profile management is even more critical in patients treated for secondary prevention, since patients with established coronary heart disease are at higher risk of developing events. Current guidelines encourage lifestyle modification and patient engagement in disease prevention. However, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines seem to differ considerably from their predecessors, having an impact on clinical practice of lipid management. Area covered: This review article discusses and provides a summary of the current recommendations for lipid profile management in patients with coronary heart disease, with a view to present lifestyle modification and novel treatment strategies, and to indicate areas of dispute among recent guidelines...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate peer support and reminiscence therapy, separately and together, in comparison with usual care for people with dementia and their family carers. DESIGN: Factorial pragmatic randomised trial, analysed by treatment allocated, was used for this study. SETTING: The trial ran in Community settings in England. PARTICIPANTS: People with dementia and their family carers were the participants...

PURPOSE: Total mesorectal excision with fluorouracil-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy is a standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. This study investigated the addition of oxaliplatin with and without preoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: In this multicenter, open-label, phase III trial, we randomly assigned (1:1:1) Chinese adults (age 18 to 75 years) with locally advanced stage II/III rectal cancer to three treatments: five 2-week cycles of infusional fluorouracil (leucovorin 400 mg/m(2), fluorouracil 400 mg/m(2), and fluorouracil 2...

BACKGROUND: The development of probiotics as therapies to cure or prevent disease lags far behind that of other investigational medications. Rigorously designed phase I clinical trials are nearly non-existent in the field of probiotic research, which is a contributing factor to this disparity. As a consequence, how to appropriately dose probiotics to study their efficacy is unknown. Herein we propose a novel phase I ascending dose trial of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) to identify the dose required to produce predominant gut colonisation in healthy breastfed infants at 6 weeks of age...

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is currently the cornerstone of HIV treatment. Although it shows an overall good safety profile, numerous cases of nephrotoxicity have been reported. Tenofovir alafenamide is a novel tenofovir prodrug that has been developed to improve renal safety. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest a better renal tolerance of tenofovir alafenamide than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, probably because tenofovir plasma concentrations are lower after tenofovir alafenamide administration. Consistently in clinical trials, renal tolerance seems to be improved in patients treated with tenofovir alafenamide...

INTRODUCTION: Indoor air-related conditions share similarities with other conditions that are characterised by medically unexplained symptoms (MUS)-a combination of non-specific symptoms that cannot be fully explained by structural bodily pathology. In cases of indoor air-related conditions, these symptoms are not fully explained by either medical conditions or the immunological-toxicological effects of environmental factors. The condition may be disabling, including a non-adaptive health behaviour...

The cardinal climacteric symptoms of hot flushes and night sweats affect 24-93% of all women during the physiological transition from reproductive to post-reproductive life. Though efficacious, hormonal therapy and partial oestrogenic compounds are linked to a significant increase in breast cancer. Non-hormonal treatments are thus greatly appreciated. This systematic review of published hormonal and non-hormonal treatments for climacteric, and breast and prostate cancer-associated hot flushes, examines clinical efficacy and therapy-related cancer risk modulation...

OBJECTIVE: To test the acceptability and feasibility of a mind body skills-based intervention (RRCB) and estimate its preliminary effect in reducing disability and pain intensity as compared to standard care (SC) in patients with acute musculoskeletal trauma. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Level I trauma centre. PATIENTS: Adult patients with acute fractures at risk for chronic pain and disability based on scores on two coping with pain measures who presented to an orthopedic trauma center and met inclusion and exclusion criteria...

AIM: To evaluate the impact on glucose variability (GLUCV) of an nurse-implemented insulin infusion protocol when compared with a conventional insulin treatment during the day-to-day clinical activity. METHODS: We enrolled 44 type 2 diabetic patients (n = 32 males; n = 12 females) with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and randomy assigned to standard a subcutaneous insulin treatment (n = 23) or a nurse-implemented continuous intravenous insulin infusion protocol (n = 21)...

Reconstruction of the annular ligament using vein graft at the stapedotomy site gives a very good gain at low, frequencies as compared to Stapedotomy without a tissue seal It also protects against perilymph leak 1 0 8mm stapedotomy with a 0 4mm piston with 0 2 mm vein graft interposition is a better technique in the surgical treatment of stapes fixation The purpose of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of vein graft in sealing the oval window in small fenestra stapedotomy for stapedial otoselerosis We performed a prospective randomi ed trial in 80 cases of stapedial otoselerosis, 40 with and 40 without having a tissue seal at a tertiary referal center Ihere was a good air bone gap closure in both the groups There was a better gain in the lower frequencies in subjects where the vein graft was used...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF) in patients with peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Such electronic database as Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2011), Medline (1950-2011), Embase (1980-2011), National Knowledge Infrastructure (1979-2011) were searched and meanwhile relevant journals such as Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics, Chinese Journal of Microsurgery, Chinese Journal of Neurosurgery, etc were searched as well to collect all randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomi- zed controlled trials of mNGF on patients with peripheral nerve injury...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether antenatal dietary interventions restrict maternal weight gain in obese pregnant women without compromising newborn birth weight. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched using free-text search terms: pregnancy, obesity, overweight, dietary intervention, lifestyle, and randomis(z)ed controlled trial through March 2011 in a similar search strategy to that used in a previous systematic review. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: We included randomized controlled trials in which antenatal dietary intervention was provided to pregnant women who were overweight or obese at booking...

Clinical guideline is of important significance to standardize clinical practice. Clinical guideline of evidence-based medicine puts stress on the classification and evaluation of evidences, especially in randomy controlled trial and gives recommendation based on the different grades and intensities of evidences. Since Chinese medicine has its own theoretical system in diagnosis and treatment, and the integrative Western and Chinese medicine (ICWM) is characterized by complicated intervention, making up a clinical guideline for Chinese medicine or ICWM based on the evidence obtained from modern medical research is apparently not so suitable...

The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions prior to surgery and examine smoking cessation rates at 6 months follow-up. The Cochrane Library Database, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Medline, and Cinahl databases were searched using the terms: smok$, smoking cessation, tobacco, cigar$, preop$, operati$, surg$, randomi*ed control$ trial, intervention, program$, cessation, abstinen$, quit. Further articles were obtained from reference lists. The search was limited to articles on adults, written in English and published up to December 2006...