Regional

Navigation requires a network of neurons processing inputs from internally generated cues and external landmarks. Most studies on the neuronal basis of navigation in vertebrates have focused on rats and mice and the canonical senses vision, hearing, olfaction, and somatosensation. Some animals have evolved the ability to sense the Earth's magnetic field and use it for orientation. It can be expected that in these animals magnetic cues are integrated with other sensory cues in the cognitive map. We provide an overview of the behavioral evidence and brain regions involved in magnetic sensing in support of this idea, hoping that this will guide future experiments...

BACKGROUND: Exagamglogene autotemcel (exa-cel) is a nonviral cell therapy designed to reactivate fetal hemoglobin synthesis through ex vivo clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 gene editing of the erythroid-specific enhancer region of BCL11A in autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). METHODS: We conducted an open-label, single-group, phase 3 study of exa-cel in patients 12 to 35 years of age with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia and a β0 /β0 , β0 /β0 -like, or non-β0 /β0 -like genotype...

BACKGROUND: Tinnitus is a complex and heterogeneous disease that has been identified as a common manifestation of COVID-19. To gain a comprehensive understanding of tinnitus symptoms in individuals following COVID-19 infection, we conducted an online survey called the China Ear Nose and Throat Symptom Survey in the COVID-19 Pandemic (CENTSS) among the Chinese population. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate tinnitus and ear-related symptoms after COVID-19 infection in the Chinese population, with the aim of providing a solid empirical foundation for improved health care...

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second-most common cancer among hematological malignancies. Patients with active disease may experience several comorbidities, including renal insufficiency and asthma, which may lead to treatment failure. The treatment of relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM) has been associated with multiple factors, causing a decline in progression-free survival as well as overall survival with subsequent lines of therapy. Data about the characteristics of this group of patients in the Greater Gulf region are lacking...

PURPOSE: To validate an innovative 3D volumetric method of evaluating tissue changes proposed by Lee et al in 2020 by comparing the results of this method-in which the scanned peri-implant surfaces were transformed, visualized, and analyzed as 3D objects-to the results reported by an existing method based on calculation of the mean distance between measured surfaces. The null hypothesis was that there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. Additionally, the present study evaluated peri-implant tissue changes 5 years after single implant placement in the esthetic zone...

OBJECTIVE: Alzheimer's disease, an irreversible neurological condition, demands timely diagnosis for effective clinical intervention. This study employs radiomics analysis to assess image features in default mode network cerebral perfusion imaging among individuals with cognitive impairment. METHODS: A radiomics analysis of cerebral perfusion imaging was conducted on 117 patients with cognitive impairment. They were divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio...

BACKGROUND.: Aeration heterogeneity affects lung stress and influences outcomes in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We hypothesize that aeration heterogeneity may differ between neonatal respiratory disorders and is associated with oxygenation, so its evaluation may be relevant in managing respiratory support. METHODS.: Observational, prospective study. Neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnea (TTN), evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neonatal ARDS (NARDS) were enrolled...

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises in secretory glands and commonly metastasizes to the lungs. MYBL1 is frequently overexpressed in ACC and has been suggested to be a driver of the disease. Here, we identified a circRNA derived from MYBL1 pre-mRNA that accompanied overexpression of MYBL1 in ACC. Overexpression of circMYBL1 was correlated with increased lung metastasis and poor overall survival in ACC patients. Ectopic circMYBL1 overexpression promoted malignant phenotypes and lung metastasis of ACC cells...

The phloem-limited bacterium, ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' ( C Las), is the putative causal pathogen of the severe Asiatic form of huanglongbing (citrus greening) and is most commonly transmitted by the Asiatic citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri . C Las severely affects many Citrus species and hybrids and has been recorded in the Citrus relative, orange jasmine, Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (syn. M. exotica L.). In this study, 13 accessions of three Murraya species ( M. paniculata , M. sumatrana Roxb...

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins mediate epigenetic silencing of important developmental genes by modifying histones and compacting chromatin through two major protein complexes, PRC1 and PRC2. These complexes are recruited to DNA by CpG islands (CGIs) in mammals and Polycomb response elements (PREs) in Drosophila . When PcG target genes are turned OFF, PcG proteins bind to PREs or CGIs, and PREs serve as anchors that loop together and stabilize gene silencing. Here, we address which PcG proteins bind to PREs and whether PREs mediate looping when their targets are in the ON transcriptional state...

Many insect pests, including the brown planthopper (BPH), undergo windborne migration that is challenging to observe and track. It remains controversial about their migration patterns and largely unknown regarding the underlying genetic basis. By analyzing 360 whole genomes from around the globe, we clarify the genetic sources of worldwide BPHs and illuminate a landscape of BPH migration showing that East Asian populations perform closed-circuit journeys between Indochina and the Far East, while populations of Malay Archipelago and South Asia undergo one-way migration to Indochina...

In July to August 2022, Pakistan suffered historic flooding while record-breaking heatwaves swept southern China, causing severe socioeconomic impacts. Similar extreme events have frequently coincided between two regions during the past 44 years, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using observations and a suite of model experiments, here, we show that the upper-tropospheric divergent wind induced by convective heating over Pakistan excites a barotropic anomalous anticyclone over eastern China, which further leads to persistent heatwaves...

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a psychoactive drug with powerful prosocial effects. While MDMA is sometimes termed an "empathogen," empirical studies have struggled to clearly demonstrate these effects or pinpoint underlying mechanisms. Here, we paired the social transfer of pain and analgesia-behavioral tests modeling empathy in mice-with region-specific neuropharmacology, optogenetics, and transgenic manipulations to explore MDMA's action as an empathogen. We report that MDMA, given intraperitoneally or infused directly into the nucleus accumbens (NAc), robustly enhances the social transfer of pain and analgesia...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

ConspectusTechnologies for neuromodulation have rapidly developed in the past decade with a particular emphasis on creating noninvasive tools with high spatial and temporal precision. The existence of such tools is critical in the advancement of our understanding of neural circuitry and its influence on behavior and neurological disease. Existing technologies have employed various modalities, such as light, electrical, and magnetic fields, to interface with neural activity. While each method offers unique advantages, many struggle with modulating activity with high spatiotemporal precision without the need for invasive tools...

Functional mapping during brain surgery is applied to define brain areas that control critical functions and cannot be removed. Currently, these procedures rely on verbal interactions between the neurosurgeon and electrophysiologist, which can be time-consuming. In addition, the electrode grids that are used to measure brain activity and to identify the boundaries of pathological versus functional brain regions have low resolution and limited conformity to the brain surface. Here, we present the development of an intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG)-microdisplay that consists of freestanding arrays of 2048 GaN light-emitting diodes laminated on the back of micro-electrocorticography electrode grids...

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a RNA modification that can regulate post-transcriptional processes including RNA stability, translation, splicing and nuclear export. In CD4+ lymphocytes, m6A modifications have been demonstrated to play a role in early differentiation processes. The role of m6A in CD4+ T cell activation and effector function remains incompletely understood. To assess the role of m6A in CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and function, we assessed the transcriptome-wide m6A landscape of human primary CD4+ T cells by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (meRIP) sequencing...

MOTIVATION: Few methods exist for timing individual amplification events in regions of focal amplification. Current methods are also limited in the copy number states that they are able to time. Here we introduce AmplificationTimeR, a method for timing higher level copy number gains and inferring the most parsimonious order of events for regions that have undergone both single gains and whole genome duplication. Our method is an extension of established approaches for timing genomic gains...

Driven by the goal of achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. Addressing environmental pollution and remediating land damage have become critical challenges in resource-based cities and regions with low land use efficiency. As a response, this study focuses on the 23 provinces where China's coal resource-based cities are situated. Utilizing data from 2014 to 2020, this research employs the SBM-Undesirable model, which considers undesirable outputs in efficiency calculations, and the Tobit regression test...

Crohn's disease (CD) entails intricate interactions with gut microbiome diversity, richness, and composition. The relationship between CD and gut microbiome is not clearly understood and has not been previously characterized in Saudi Arabia. We performed statistical analysis about various factors influencing CD activity and microbiota dysbiosis, including diagnosis, treatment, and its impact on their quality of life as well as high-throughput metagenomic V3-V4 16S rRNA encoding gene hypervariable region of a total of eighty patients with CD, both in its active and inactive state with healthy controls...