intestinal cancer

OBJECTIVES: We investigated potential relationships among initial lesions of the intestinal mucosa, fecal enzymatic activities and microbiota profiles. METHODS: Fecal samples from 54 volunteers were collected after recruitment among individuals participating in a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program in our region (Northern Spain) or attending for consultation due to clinical symptoms; intestinal mucosa samples were resected during colonoscopy. Enzymatic activities were determined in fecal supernatants by a semi-quantitative method...

Key gene mutations are essential for colorectal cancer (CRC) development; however, how the mutated tumor cells impact the surrounding normal cells to promote tumor progression has not been well defined. Here, we report that PIK3CA mutant tumor cells transmit oncogenic signals and result in malignant transformation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) via paracrine exosomal arachidonic acid (AA)-induced H3K4 trimethylation. Mechanistically, PIK3CA mutations sustain SGK3-FBW7-mediated stability of the cPLA2 protein, leading to the synthetic increase in AA, which is transported through exosome and accumulated in IECs...

In the aging process, physiological decline occurs, posing a substantial threat to the physical and mental well-being of the elderly and contributing to the onset of age-related diseases. While traditional perspectives considered the maintenance of life as influenced by a myriad of factors, including environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle elements such as exercise and diet, the pivotal role of symbiotic microorganisms had been understated. Presently, it is acknowledged that the intestinal microbiota plays a profound role in overall health by signaling to both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as other distant organs...

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a major global health concern, may be influenced by dietary protein digestibility impacting gut microbiota and metabolites, which is crucial for cancer therapy effectiveness. This study explored the effects of a casein protein diet (CTL) versus a free amino acid (FAA)-based diet on CRC progression, gut microbiota, and metabolites using carcinogen-induced (AOM/DSS) and spontaneous genetically induced ( ApcMin/+ mice) CRC mouse models. Comprehensive approaches including 16s rRNA gene sequencing, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and immunohistochemistry were utilized...

Infections pose a significant threat to morbidity and mortality during treatments for pediatric cancer patients. Efforts to minimize the risk of infection necessitate preventive measures encompassing both environmental and host-focused strategies. While a substantial number of infections in oncologic patients originate from microorganisms within their native microbiological environment, such as the oral cavity, intestines, and skin, the concrete risk of bloodstream infections linked to the consumption of contaminated food and beverages in the community cannot be overlooked...

Prostate cancer is a multi-focal disease that can be treated using surgery, radiation, androgen deprivation, and chemotherapy, depending on its presentation. Standard dose-escalated radiation therapy (RT) in the range of 70-80 Gray (GY) is a standard treatment option for prostate cancer. It could be used at different phases of the disease (e.g., as the only primary treatment when the cancer is confined to the prostate gland, combined with other therapies, or as an adjuvant treatment after surgery). Unfortunately, RT for prostate cancer is associated with gastro-intestinal and genitourinary toxicity...

Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) presents with multiple sessile serrated lesions (SSL) in the large intestine and confers increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, the etiology of SPS is not known. SSL-derived organoids have not been previously studied but may help provide insights into SPS pathogenesis and identify novel biomarkers and chemopreventive strategies. This study examined effects of EGFR and COX pathway inhibition in organoid cultures derived from uninvolved colon and polyps of SPS patients...

The diagnosis of primary lung adenocarcinomas with intestinal or mucinous differentiation (PAIM) remains challenging due to the overlapping histomorphological, immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics with lung metastatic colorectal cancer (lmCRC). This study aimed to explore the protein biomarkers that could distinguish between PAIM and lmCRC. To uncover differences between the two diseases, we used tandem mass tagging (TMT)-based shotgun proteomics to characterize proteomes of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples of PAIM (n = 22) and lmCRC (n = 17)...

Walker-256 tumor is an experimental model known to promote cachexia syndrome, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. This study evaluated the duodenal mucosa of rats with Walker-256 tumor administered with 1% L-glutathione, intending to evaluate the damage caused by cancer-associated cachexia in the gastrointestinal tract and the effects of antioxidant administration on mucosal protection. Twenty-four 55-day-old male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: control (C); control administered with 1% L-glutathione (C-GSH); Walker-256 tumor (W) and Walker-256 tumor administered with 1% L-glutathione (W-GSH)...

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study was to compare the financial burden of surgery for retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) and gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: All patients who underwent surgery for GC or RPS between 2020 and 2021 at Nagoya University Hospital were included. The clinical characteristics, surgical fees per surgeon, and surgical fees per hour were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The GC and RPS groups included 35 and 63 patients, respectively...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor, and traditional treatments include surgical resection and radiotherapy. However, local recurrence, distal metastasis, and intestinal obstruction are significant problems. Oral nano-formulation is a promising treatment strategy for CRC. This study introduces physiological and environmental factors, the main challenges of CRC treatment, and the need for a novel oral colon-targeted drug delivery system (OCDDS). This study reviews the research progress of controlled-release, responsive, magnetic, targeted, and other oral nano-formulations in the direction of CRC treatment, in addition to the advantages of oral colon-targeted nano-formulations and concerns about the oral delivery of related therapeutic agents to inspire related research...

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a serine-threonine protein kinase belonging to the ROCO protein family. Within the kinase domain of LRRK2, a point mutation known as LRRK2 G2019S has emerged as the most prevalent variant associated with Parkinson's disease. Recent clinical studies have indicated that G2019S carriers have an elevated risk of cancers, including colon cancer. Despite this observation, the underlying mechanisms linking LRRK2 G2019S to colon cancer remain elusive. In this study, employing a colitis-associated cancer (CAC) model and LRRK2 G2019S knock-in (KI) mouse model, we demonstrate that LRRK2 G2019S promotes the pathogenesis of colon cancer, characterized by increased tumor number and size in KI mice...

Gas gangrene is a rare, severe gas-producing infection that can be related to colorectal cancer. Gas gangrene can be confirmed by radiologic findings and crepitation on touch. Spontaneous gas gangrene can be associated with colorectal cancer. An 80-year-old female complaint about a sudden abdominal pain, accompanied with progressive swelling pain in thigh and fever. Diagnosis based on assessment findings were gas gangrene and descending colonic cancer perforation. Emergency surgery was performed for debridement and drainage, followed by vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) with polyurethane (PU)...

Tumor immunotherapy can be a suitable cancer treatment option in certain instances. Here we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effect of oral glycyrrhiza polysaccharides (GCP) on the antitumor function of γδT cells in intestinal epithelial cells in mice. We found that GCP can inhibit tumor growth and was involved in the regulation of systemic immunosuppression. GCP administration also promoted the differentiation of gut epithelia γδT cells into IFN-γ-producing subtype through regulation of local cytokines in gut mucosa...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (Rosaceae, A. pilosa) has been used in traditional medicine in China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries for treatment of acute and chronic enteritis and diarrhea. Secondary metabolites have been isolated and tested for biological activities. It remains unclear in terms of its potential components of anti-colorectal cancer properties. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed to how extracts from A. pilosa and their components influenced tumor microenvironment and the colorectal tumor growth in vivo on AOM/DSS induced colorectal cancer mice, the metabolites of A...

The aim of the present study was to report the feasibility of proton beam reirradiation for patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) with prior pelvic irradiation. The study population included patients who were treated with proton beam therapy (PBT) for LRRC between 2008 and December 2019 in our institution. Those who had a history of distant metastases of LRRC, with or without treatment, before reirradiation, were excluded. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and local control (LC) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method...

Epithelial ovarian cancer is among the deadliest gynecological tumors worldwide. Clinical treatment usually consists of surgery and adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapies. Due to the high rate of recurrence and rapid development of drug resistance, the current focus of research is on finding effective natural products with minimal toxic side effects for treating epithelial ovarian tumors. Cannabidiol is among the most abundant cannabinoids and has a non-psychoactive effect compared to tetrahydrocannabinol, which is a key advantage for clinical application...

BACKGROUND: Standard lymphadenectomy for pancreatoduodenectomy is defined for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and adopted for patients with non-pancreatic periampullary cancer (NPPC), ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC), distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA), or duodenal adenocarcinoma (DAC). This study aimed to compare the patterns of lymph node metastases among the different NPPCs in a large series and in a systematic review to guide the discussion on surgical lymphadenectomy and pathology assessment...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to comprehensively analyze the clinical value of immune-related eRNAs-driven genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and find the potential biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic response to improve the survival of this malignant disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to identify the immune-related eRNAs-driven genes. Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses were used to construct this prognostic risk signature...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1078315.].