Artificial lighting

The time evolution of beam properties in an electron bunch with the duration of a nanosecond was measured with a time resolution of several tens of picoseconds. A combination of horizontal and vertical slits cuts the beamlet from the original beam, with the current waveform of the beamlet measured using a fast wall-current monitor. The reconstruction of the waveform data obtained by scanning these two slits over the entire beam area provided the time evolution of the spatial profile. A similar measurement using two horizontal (vertical) slits separated by a certain distance also provides the time evolution of the phase-space profile...

We report, for the first time, a new synthetic strategy for the preparation of crystalline two-dimensional olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based on aldol condensation between benzodifurandione and aromatic aldehydes. Olefin-linked COFs can be facilely crystallized through either a pyridine-promoted solvothermal process or a benzoic anhydride-mediated organic flux synthesis. The resultant COF leaf with high in-plane π-conjugation exhibits efficient visible-light-driven photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) with water (H2 O) in the absence of any photosensitizer, sacrificial agents, or cocatalysts...

Photocatalyzed reactions of organic substances in aqueous media are challenging transformations, often because of scarce solubility of substrates and catalyst deactivation. Herein, we report single-chain nanoparticles, SCNPs, capable of efficiently catalyzing four different "in water" organic reactions by employing visible light as the only external energy source. Specifically, we decorated a high-molecular-weight copolymer, poly(OEGMA300 - r -AEMA), with iridium(III) cyclometalated complex pendants at varying content amounts...

Radiology has seen tremendous evolution in the last few decades. At the same time, oncology has made great strides in diagnosing and treating cancer. Distant metastases of neoplasms are being encountered more often in light of longer patient survival due to better therapeutic strategies and diagnostic methods. Brain metastasis (BM) is a dismal manifestation of systemic cancer. In the present scenario, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are playing a big role in providing molecular information about cancer...

Artificial Oxygen Carriers (AOCs) have emerged as ground-breaking biomedical solutions, showcasing tremendous potential for enhancing human health and saving lives. Perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based AOCs, in particular, have garnered significant interest among researchers, leading to numerous clinical trials since the 1980 s. However, despite decades of exploration, the success rate has remained notably limited. This comprehensive review article delves into the landscape of clinical trials involving PFC compounds, shedding light on the challenges and factors contributing to the lack of clinical success with PFC nanoparticles till date...

Biological photo-responsive ion channels play important roles in the important metabolic processes of living beings. To mimic the unique functions of biological prototypes, the transition metal dichalcogenides, owing to their excellent mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, are already used for artificial intelligent channel constructions. However, there remain challenges to building artificial bio-semiconductor nanochannels with finely tuned band gaps for accurately simulating or regulating ion transport...

The commercial development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been significantly delayed by the constraint of performing time-consuming degradation studies under real outdoor conditions. These are necessary steps to determine the device lifetime, an area where PSCs traditionally suffer. In this work, we demonstrate that the outdoor degradation behavior of PSCs can be predicted by employing accelerated indoor stability analyses. The prediction was possible using a swift and accurate pipeline of machine learning algorithms and mathematical decompositions...

Although polarized light can assist many animals in performing special visual tasks, current polarized light pollution (PLP) caused by urban construction has been shown to induce maladaptive behaviors of PL-sensitive animals and change ecological interactions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous work hypothesized that linearly polarized light (LPL) is an ecological trap for Oratosquilla oratoria, a common Stomatopoda species in the China Sea. Here we explored the underlying negative effects of artificially LPL on O...

This review describes recent advances in sample environments across the full complement of applicable neutron scattering techniques to colloid and interface science. Temperature, pressure, flow, tensile testing, ultrasound, chemical reactions, IR/visible/UV light, confinement, humidity and electric and magnetic field application, as well as tandem X-ray methods, are all addressed. Consideration for material choices in sample environments and data acquisition methods are also covered as well as discussion of current and potential future use of machine learning and artificial intelligence...

Kales (Brassica oleracea convar acephala) are fast-growing, nutritious leafy vegetables ideal for year-round indoor farming. However, selection of best cultivars for growth under artificial lighting necessitates a deeper understanding of leaf metabolism in different kale types. Here we examined a curly leaved cultivar Half Tall and a lacinato type cultivar Black Magic under moderate growth light (130 µmol photons m-1s-1/22°C) and high light (800 µmol photons m-1s-1/26°C) conditions. These conditions induced genotype-dependent differences in nutritionally important metabolites, especially anthocyanins and glucosinolates (GSLs), in the kale cultivars...

BACKGROUND: As the use of electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and computers continues to rise globally, concerns have been raised about their potential impact on human health. Exposure to high energy visible (HEV) blue light, emitted from digital screens, particularly the so-called artificial light at night (ALAN), has been associated with adverse health effects, ranging from disruption of circadian rhythms to cancer. Breast cancer incidence rates are also increasing worldwide...

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a growing threat to coastal habitats, and is likely to exacerbate the impacts of other stressors. Kelp forests are dominant habitats on temperate reefs but are declining due to ocean warming and overgrazing. We tested the independent and interactive effects of ALAN (dark versus ALAN) and warming (ambient versus warm) on grazing rates and gonad index of the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii. Within these treatments, urchins were fed either 'fresh' kelp or 'treated' kelp...

Circadian clocks temporally coordinate daily organismal biology over the 24-h cycle. Their molecular design, preserved between fungi and animals, is based on a core-oscillator composed of a one-step transcriptional-translational-negative-feedback-loop (TTFL). To test whether this evolutionarily conserved TTFL architecture is the only plausible way for achieving a functional circadian clock, we adopted a transcriptional rewiring approach, artificially co-opting regulators of the circadian output pathways into the core-oscillator...

Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is a promising area of interest for the clinical application of a neuromodulation method. This is in part because of its low invasiveness, whereby INS modulates the activity of neural tissue mainly through temperature changes. Additionally, INS may provide localized brain stimulation with less tissue damage. The inferior colliculus (IC) is a crucial auditory relay nuclei, and a potential target for clinical application of INS to treat auditory diseases and develop artificial hearing devices...

Passive radiative cooling (PRC) has been acknowledged to be an environmentally friendly cooling technique, and especially artificial photonic materials with manipulating light-matter interaction ability are more favorable for PRC. However, scalable production of radiative cooling materials with advanced biologically inspired structures, fascinating properties, and high throughput is still challenging. Herein, we reported a bioinspired design combining surface ordered pyramid arrays and internal three-dimensional hierarchical pores for highly efficient PRC based on mimicking natural photonic structures of the white beetle Cyphochilus ' wings...

Blind video quality assessment (BVQA) plays an indispensable role in monitoring and improving the end-users' viewing experience in various real-world video-enabled media applications. As an experimental field, the improvements of BVQA models have been measured primarily on a few human-rated VQA datasets. Thus, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of existing VQA datasets in order to properly evaluate the current progress in BVQA. Towards this goal, we conduct a first-of-its-kind computational analysis of VQA datasets via designing minimalistic BVQA models...

In light of the growing awareness regarding the ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) in our environment, recent efforts have been made to integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology into MP detection. Among spectroscopic techniques, Raman spectroscopy is preferred for the detection of MP particles measuring less than 10 μm, as it overcomes the diffraction limitations encountered in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). However, Raman spectroscopy's inherent limitation is its low scattering cross section, which often results in prolonged data collection times during practical sample measurements...

The development of a highly active photocatalyst for visible-light water splitting requires a high-quality semiconductor material and a cocatalyst, which promote the migration of photogenerated charge carriers and surface redox reactions. In this work, cocatalyst loading on an oxyfluoride photocatalyst Pb2Ti2O5.4F1.2 was applied to improve the water oxidation activity. Among the metal oxides examined, RuO2 was found to be the most suitable, and the O2 evolution activity depended on the preparation conditions of Ru/Pb2Ti2O5...

Many characteristics of artificial light have been evaluated; however, light-flicker frequency (F) has not been assessed extensively in poultry. Pullets (1,344 per strain [S]; Lohmann Brown-Lite [LB] and LSL-Lite [LW]) were placed into 8 light-tight rooms, containing 6 floor pens (15 pen replicates per F × S for 30 and 250 Hz; 18 pen replicates per F x S for 90 Hz), and assigned 1 of 3 F treatments (30, 90, 250 Hz). The experiment took place over 2 trials (blocks). To evaluate long-term effects of F during rearing, birds were followed through the hen phase...

In this perspective, we explore the transformative impact and inherent limitations of metagenomics and single-cell genomics on our understanding of microbial diversity and their integration into the Tree of Life. We delve into the key challenges associated with incorporating new microbial lineages into the Tree of Life through advanced phylogenomic approaches. Additionally, we shed light on enduring debates surrounding various aspects of the microbial Tree of Life, focusing on recent advances in some of its deepest nodes, such as the roots of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes...