"active shooter"

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Firearm-related injury and death is a serious public health issue in the U.S. As more Americans consume news and media online, there is growing interest in using these channels to prevent firearm-related harms. Understanding the firearm-related narratives to which consumers are exposed is foundational to this work. This research used the browsing behavior of a representative sample of American adults to identify seven firearm-related content "ecosystems" (defined as naturally occurring networks of channels watched by the same users) on YouTube; we then described the demographics and internet search patterns of users affiliated with each ecosystem...

Colleges and universities are challenged with making their campuses safe from many threats of violence such as active shooters by using strategies that are effective and acceptable to their campus communities. Implementing strategies that are ineffective can waste resources and implementing strategies that are unacceptable may result in students, faculty, and staff that protest or leave the campus. The current study evaluated the acceptability of 11 different strategies to prevent active shooters on college/university campuses...

INTRODUCTION: Firearm-related deaths have become the leading cause of death in adolescents and children. Since the Sutherland Springs, TX mass casualty incident (MCI), the Southwest Texas Regional Advisory Council (STRAC) for trauma instituted a prehospital whole blood (WB) program and blood deployment program for MCI's. METHODS: The program was adopted statewide by the Texas Emergency Medical Task Force (EMTF), of which STRAC is the lead for EMTF-8. The recent active shooter MCI in Uvalde, TX was the first time the MCI blood deployment program had been utilized...

BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in violent acts against hospital employees, including active shooter events. Emergency department (ED) staff must be able to respond to these events efficiently to ensure the safest possible outcome. However, few in our ED were aware of our hospital's active shooter protocol. We aimed to increase staff knowledge of and confidence in these guidelines. METHODS: We developed and implemented a 7-week spiral curriculum using the Kern model of curriculum development...

OBJECTIVE: Active shooter incidents (ASI) have continued to increase over the years, with the majority of attacks occurring in the workplace. Workplace violence in the hospital setting is a growing concern in the emergency department (ED). While ASI are inherently unpredictable by nature, it is prudent to be prepared for these scenarios in the hospital to prevent fatalities. The goal of this study is to access the level of familiarity of emergency department staff with ASI hospital policy and response protocol...

Active shooter events, including those in health care facilities, are expected to increase in incidence. Perioperative personnel may be underprepared for such an event. Understanding how to make the best decision regarding whether to escape, hide, or fight, and being aware of the communication channels during these types of events are crucial to adequate preparation. Health care facilities and critical areas such as the OR should be prepared for an active shooter event. This article briefly describes a firsthand shooting event experience at Johns Hopkins Hospital and includes a review of the literature on active shooter events in health care settings to determine the most practical application of event preparedness for staff members working in the OR...

Software libraries have been used for decades to produce code in a quick and cost-effective manner. The use of well-designed libraries permits software developers and other professionals to create applications due in part to code reusability. Also, good libraries grant lesser skilled developers the opportunity to make high-quality applications they otherwise could not produce. In the field of active shooting incident (ASI) research, various tools have been used for years that give researchers the ability to conduct exploratory research...

Gun violence in places of worship (POW) has long been an issue and has been addressed repeatedly in the literature. Contextually, most of the research has been pertinent to relatively large POW, situated in an urban setting. However, rural churches have not been addressed, and they appear to have a far less defensive posture, mainly because of their remote location and the extended time required for first responders to arrive, which in turn requires a higher level of independent operation in terms of defense and medical response...

This paper looks at current active shooter mitigation techniques employed by schools throughout the country in an attempt to mitigate casualties during an active shooter event. The researchers modified an existing Columbine High School agent-based model created by Jae Lee, MS, to examine if the introduction of a school resource officer (SRO), concealed carry weapon (CCW) holder, or both would change the outcome of the previous research. RUN.HIDE.FIGHT® scenarios were modeled with the same parameters of the previous work, but now included armed first responders during the incident to assess whether their presence decreased casualties through a reduction in response time...

Law enforcement personnel are required to respond to a variety of dangerous, potentially life-threatening high stress scenarios. Virtual reality (VR)-based training has been shown to attenuate stress responses; however, little is known about the acute stress response from VR exposure. This study examined the impact of participating in a VR-based active shooter training drill (ASD) on markers of physiological stress as well as potential differences in men and women. To examine the impact of participation in a ~50 sec VR-based ASD, 29 subjects (n = 29; 17 males, 12 females) participated in a quasi-experimental single group design...

BACKGROUND: Shooting events in hospitals are increasing in frequency, with the emergency department (ED) being the most common site of such events. EDs must be prepared for shooting events, but current practices surrounding active shooter preparation are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine what active shooter training emergency medicine physicians are receiving. METHODS: A survey was developed to assess current practices around active shooter preparation in EDs...

Mass casualty incidents involving active shooters are becoming more common, and many involve special weapons and tactics team responses. Standard of care is to have tactical emergency medical services paramedics or physicians direct triage and administer immediate interventions. In these situations, a clinical and ethical value is to do the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Cases in which beneficence and justice are at odds are particularly complex. This commentary on such a case argues that directing resources to patients most likely to survive accords triage principles and explores ethical complexity in resource allocation decisions...

This article is designed as a succinct guide for occupational health nurses working in settings where there is need for an active shooter training program. Resources and ideas for initiating workplace collaborations are provided.

Active shooter events, although rare, are increasing in frequency in the United States, and healthcare settings are not immune to such events. Of the 277 active shooter events that took place in the United States between 2000 and 2019, 15 (4.5%) took place in healthcare facilities. Healthcare workers (HCWs) must be (1) well trained to respond to an active shooter event and (2) trained to respond to active shooter casualties. Educational activities related to active shooter events require a clear focus on goals and objectives, balanced to assure the physical and psychological safety of all participants...

INTRODUCTION: In response to mass casualty events, The Hartford Consensus brought together subject matter experts across multiple disciplines in health care and public safety to create guidelines and publications intended to improve survivability in active shooter events. Among the recommendations was the earlier recognition and treatment application of life-threatening hemorrhage control. These recommendations culminated in efforts to create the Stop the Bleed Campaign, which aims to empower the layperson to render aid in a life-threatening bleeding emergency...

Active shooter incidents represent an increasing threat to American society, especially in commercial and educational buildings. In recent years, a wide variety of security countermeasures have been recommended by public and governmental agencies. Many of these countermeasures are aimed to increase building security, yet their impact on human behavior when an active shooter incident occurs remains underexplored. To fill this research gap, we conducted virtual experiments to evaluate the impact of countermeasures on human behavior during active shooter incidents...

BACKGROUND: While hospital-related shootings are not common, recent years have demonstrated an increasing trend, especially involving the emergency department (ED). Despite this increase, there remains a lack of effective training for providers for active shooter events. Existing trainings commonly lack active participation, departmental-specific plans, or feasibility. METHODS: Sixty-six emergency medicine physicians, nurses, and technicians participated in a two-phased multimodal active shooter training aimed to increase response knowledge and comfort...

Mass-shooting incidents have been increasing in recent years and Code Silver-the hospital response to a person with a weapon such as an active shooter in many Provinces or States in North America-is quickly shifting from a theoretical safety measure to a realistic scenario for which hospitals must prepare their staff. A Code Silver Exercise (CSE) involving an independent mental practice exercise with written responses to scenarios and questions, followed by a facilitated debrief with all participants, was conceptualized and trialled for feasibility and efficacy...

BACKGROUND: Following the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School, the Hartford Consensus produced the Stop the Bleed program to train bystanders in hemorrhage control. In our region, the police bureau delivers critical incident training to public schools, offering instruction in responding to violent or dangerous situations. Until now, widespread training in hemorrhage control has been lacking. Our group developed, implemented and evaluated a novel program integrating hemorrhage control into critical incident training for school staff in order to blunt the impact of mass casualty events on children...