Elbow range of motion and risk factor and baseball

BACKGROUND: Ultrasonographic structural abnormalities are regarded as one of the risk factors of elbow injuries. Elbow injuries are commonly associated with decreased shoulder/elbow range of motion (ROM). The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between shoulder/elbow ROM and elbow ultrasonographic structural abnormalities in Taiwan high school baseball players. METHODS: A total of 533 Taiwan high school baseball players were enrolled. Physical examinations including measurements on shoulder/elbow ROM and elbow sonographic examinations were performed and recorded by professional physicians...

On-field screening for 'elbow injury in baseball', a condition commonly seen in youth baseball players, was conducted over two years on 160 elementary school students in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. This on-field screening was conducted in collaboration with the Ibaraki Prefecture High School Baseball Federation. Pitchers, catchers, symptomatic players, and players who had previously experienced elbow pain were given a comprehensive evaluation that included a physical exam and ultrasound. Out of the 135 students who were successfully screened, 10 were diagnosed with osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum (OCD)...

BACKGROUND: Young baseball players with medial elbow injuries are known to have high forearm flexor-pronator muscle elasticity; however, the causal relationship between forearm muscle elasticity and the occurrence of medial elbow injuries remains unclear. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the forearm flexor-pronator muscle elasticity is a risk factor for medial elbow injury in young baseball players. It was hypothesized that high flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) elasticity would be a risk factor for medial elbow injuries...

BACKGROUND: Elbow valgus instability is a risk factor for elbow medial collateral ligament injury. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between shoulder range of motion and elbow valgus instability using an ultrasound imaging system. A questionnaire and ultrasound examination were used for the study. METHODS: Thirty-seven high school baseball players (15-18 years) with no history of shoulder or elbow disorders were included. Shoulder range of motion was measured at 90° of adduction, 10° of horizontal adduction, and 90° of elbow flexion in the supine resting position...

BACKGROUND: Pitchers are prone to upper extremity injury due to repetitive high joint loads. Clinical measures of shoulder strength and range of motion (ROM) have shown links to injury risk in pitchers, however, these factors have rarely been studied in relation to throwing joint loads. The purpose of this study was to identify which clinical ROM and isokinetic strength variables were related to peak shoulder and elbow joint torques in collegiate pitchers. METHODS: Thirty-three healthy collegiate pitchers participated in this study...

CONTEXT: Posterior shoulder tightness evaluated as limited glenohumeral internal rotation and horizontal adduction is a risk factor for throwing-related shoulder and elbow injuries. Given that the throwing motion uses the entire body kinematics, limited lower-limb flexibility might be associated with posterior shoulder tightness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationships between posterior shoulder tightness and lower-limb flexibility in college baseball players. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study...

BACKGROUND: Few studies have retrospectively analyzed the relationship between joint range of motion (ROM) and muscle flexibility and shoulder and elbow throwing injuries in a large number of elementary school baseball players. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively identify the physical factors related to shoulder and elbow throwing injuries in younger baseball players. METHODS: A total of 2466 younger baseball players belonging to our Prefecture Rubber Baseball Federation who participated in medical check-ups from 2016 to 2019 were analyzed...

Elbow injuries are a significant and increasing issue in baseball. Elbow injuries account for 16% of all injuries sustained at the professional level and collegiate level. Because of the continued rise in injury rates, loss of performance value, and medical burden, sports medicine clinicians have attempted to research the causes underlying this injury epidemic in an attempt to help mitigate baseball elbow injuries. Shoulder range of motion (ROM) is the most researched clinical metric related to elbow injuries in baseball and has the greatest consensus as a viable prognostic factor specifically for medial elbow injury...

PURPOSE: To analyze the current literature regarding risk factors associated with medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) injury in baseball players and to serve as a robust source for identifying modifiable risk factors that once optimized, have the potential to reduce injury risk. METHODS: Comprehensive search of the available literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Studies were included if they evaluated risk factors for MUCL injuries in the elbow of baseball players...

Background: Physical risk factors for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the humeral capitellum in young baseball players have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to identify the risk factors for capitellar OCD in baseball players aged 8-14 years. Methods: Between December 2018 and December 2019, young baseball players were recruited from 8 regional baseball leagues. Ultrasonography and physical assessments were performed preseason and at the end of the study period...

OBJECTIVE: to 1) evaluate an injury risk model that included modifiable and non-modifiable factors into an arm injury risk prediction model in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) pitchers; and 2) compare model performance separately for predicting the incidence of elbow and shoulder injuries. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. METHODS: A 10-year MiLB injury risk study was conducted. Pitchers were evaluated during preseason and pitches and arm injuries were documented prospectively...

HYPOTHESIS AND BACKGROUND: The relationship between baseball pitchers' satisfaction with their performance and the incidence of shoulder and elbow injuries is unclear. We hypothesized that self-evaluated satisfaction with pitching performance before an injury and incidence of shoulder and elbow injuries are related. METHODS: Baseline data on baseball experience, height, weight, elbow and shoulder range of motion, and shoulder muscle strength of high-school baseball pitchers were collected...

UNLABELLED: Shoulder and elbow injuries in overhead athletes, especially baseball pitchers, have become more common and result in limited participation. Upper extremity injuries in baseball can occur secondary to high velocity repetitive loading at extreme ranges of motion causing microtrauma to the musculoskeletal structures. With the vast number of youth and young adult baseball players in the United States and the increasing number of throwing related injuries, it is crucial that clinicians can perform a movement system evaluation of the throwing motion...

BACKGROUND: Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit is generally recognized as a risk factor for throwing disability in baseball players. However, the pathology, timing of onset, role in the onset of humeral retrotorsion angle (HTA) and soft tissue extensibility (STE), and the relationship with age remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate age-related glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, HTA, and STE in Japanese baseball players and determine whether these factors correlate with throwing disability...

BACKGROUND: Shoulder and elbow overuse injuries are the most common problems in baseball players. No scoping review has compared the findings from different types of evidence. PURPOSE: To map the broad evidence from 3 types of evidence (epidemiological, biomechanical, and narrative) on potential risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in baseball and identify gaps in the existing literature to guide future research. STUDY DESIGN: Scoping review...

BACKGROUND: Throwing-related shoulder and elbow pain continues to be reported among adolescent baseball players. Few prospective studies have specifically examined the association between throwing-related shoulder and elbow pain and physical and developmental changes. PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in physical and developmental characteristics during 1 year with respect to throwing-related shoulder and elbow pain in adolescent baseball players. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3...

Pitching motion requires whole-body coordination; therefore, poor control of the lower extremities, pelvis and trunk may cause shoulder and elbow injuries. However, few studies have described the relationship between the shoulder joint function and low back injury in high-school baseball pitchers. A total of 128 healthy high school pitchers underwent pre-season medical checkups, where their shoulder range of motion and shoulder strength were measured. The participants completed a self-recorded daily questionnaire regarding the presence of low back pain...

BACKGROUND: Youth baseball players who experience elbow pain during the season frequently exhibit radiographic elbow abnormalities. However, it is unknown whether asymptomatic elbow abnormalities are risk factors for in-season elbow injuries. PURPOSE: To determine whether the preseason presence of asymptomatic medial epicondyle apophysitis is a risk factor for in-season elbow injuries in youth baseball players. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2...

The relationship between ankle joint function and throwing-related injuries has not been demonstrated. We hypothesized that limited ankle joint range of motion (ROM) was related to risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in young baseball players. This 12-month prospective cohort study evaluated the age, height, weight, playing position, shoulder, elbow, and ankle function of 228 enrolled baseball players. Shoulder and elbow injuries were tracked during the season. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries among participants divided into non-injured and injured groups...

Background: Shoulder and elbow injuries are major problems in baseball players. Tightness of the upper extremities has been reported as a risk factor for shoulder and elbow injuries in elementary and junior high school baseball players. However, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between decreased hip range of motion (ROM) and shoulder and elbow injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to prospectively examine the relationship between hip ROM and throwing-related shoulder and elbow injuries in elementary and junior high school baseball players...