GI NET

BACKGROUND: The Medical Information Database Network (MID-NET® ) in Japan is a vast repository providing an essential pharmacovigilance tool. Gastrointestinal perforation (GIP) is a critical adverse drug event, yet no well-established GIP identification algorithm exists in MID-NET® . METHODS: This study evaluated 12 identification algorithms by combining ICD-10 codes with GIP therapeutic procedures. Two sites contributed 200 inpatients with GIP-suggestive ICD-10 codes (100 inpatients each), while a third site contributed 165 inpatients with GIP-suggestive ICD-10 codes and antimicrobial prescriptions...

Objective: To investigate the value of transanal multipoint full-layer puncture biopsy (TMFP) in predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy (nCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and to establish a predictive model for providing clinical guidance regarding the treatment of LARC. Methods: In this multicenter, prospective, cohort study, we collected data on 110 LARC patients from four hospitals between April 2020 and March 2023: Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University (50 patients), Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University (41 patients), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (16 patients), and Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (three patients)...

BACKGROUND: Medium- to high-risk classification-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (MH-GIST) have a high recurrence rate and are difficult to treat. This study aims to predict the recurrence of MH-GIST within 3 years after surgery based on clinical data and preoperative Delta-CT Radiomics modeling. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical imaging data of 242 cases confirmed to have MH-GIST after surgery, including 92 cases of recurrence and 150 cases of normal...

This editorial highlights the remarkable advancements in medical treatment strategies for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pan-NETs), emphasizing tailored approaches for specific subtypes. Cytoreductive surgery and somatostatin analogs (SSAs) play pivotal roles in managing tumors, while palliative options such as molecular targeted therapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and chemotherapy are reserved for SSA-refractory patients. Gastrinomas, insulinomas, glucagonomas, carcinoid tumors and VIPomas necessitate distinct thera-peutic strategies...

Admission care bundles have been demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes for patients in several settings. Decompensated cirrhosis care bundles have been developed following previous reports demonstrating poor care for inpatients with alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD). We performed a UK multi-centred retrospective observational study to understand how frequently decompensated cirrhosis admission care bundles were utilised, who they were used for and their impact on outcomes. In this study (1,224 admissions, 104 hospitals), we demonstrated that admission care bundle usage was low across the UK (11...

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed long-acting drugs used to treat acid reflux, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and peptic ulcers. Recently, concerns have been raised about their safety, particularly due to the association between long-term PPI use and cancer development. Multiple comprehensive studies have consistently suggested a noteworthy link between prolonged PPI usage and an increased risk of developing gastric, esophageal, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, yet the precise underlying mechanism remains elusive...

INTRODUCTION: Ampullary neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are usually diagnosed in the 5th-6th decades of life, and no cases were reported in <20 years of age. We report a rare case, presenting at a very young age, of well-differentiated NET involving the ampulla of Vater with lymph node metastasis. CASE PRESENTATION: An 18-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of upper abdominal pain and jaundice. Abdominal ultrasound showed a dilated common bile duct, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed two duodenal polypoid lesions, one of them overlying the ampulla of Vater, with an erythematous and ulcerated surface...

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide, ranking fifth among men and seventh among women, resulting in more than 7 million deaths annually. With the development of medical technology, the 5-year survival rate of HCC patients can be increased to 70%. However, HCC patients are often at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) death due to exposure to potentially cardiotoxic treatments compared with non-HCC patients. Moreover, CVD and cancer have become major disease burdens worldwide...

BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency and early assessment of its outcomes is vital for treatment decisions. AIM: To develop a new scoring system to predict its prognosis. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 692 patients with UGIB were enrolled from two centers and divided into a training ( n = 591) and a validation cohort ( n = 101). The clinical data were collected to develop new prognostic prediction models...

BACKGROUND: Resection of hepatic metastasis from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) improves quality of life and prolongs 5-year survival. Ablation can be utilized with surgery to achieve complete resection. Although several studies report long-term outcomes for patients undergoing ablation, none have explored perioperative effects of ablation in patients with metastatic NETs. AIM: To determine if intra-operative ablation during hepatectomy increases risk of adverse outcomes such as surgical site infections (SSIs), bleeding, and bile leak...

BACKGROUND: For results to be generalizable to all cancer patients, clinical trials need to include a diverse patient demographic that is representative of the general population. We sought to characterize the impact of receiving care at a minority-serving hospital (MSH) and/or safety-net hospital on clinical trial enrollment among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. METHODS: Adult patients with GI cancer who underwent oncologic surgery and were enrolled in institutional/National Cancer Institute-funded clinical trials between 2012-2019 were identified in the National Cancer Database...

The Ki-67 proliferative index plays a pivotal role in the subclassification of neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) according to the WHO Classification of Digestive System Tumors (5th edition), which designates neuroendocrine tumor (NET) grades 1, 2, and 3 for Ki-67 proliferative index of <3 %, 3-20 %, and >20 %, respectively. Proliferative index calculation must be performed in the hotspot, traditionally selected by visual scanning at low-power magnification. Recently, gradient map visualization has emerged as a tool for various purposes, including hotspot selection...

Accurate paranasal sinus segmentation is essential for reducing surgical complications through surgical guidance systems. This study introduces a multiclass Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) segmentation model by comparing four 3D U-Net variations-normal, residual, dense, and residual-dense. Data normalization and training were conducted on a 40-patient test set (20 normal, 20 abnormal) using 5-fold cross-validation. The normal 3D U-Net demonstrated superior performance with an F1 score of 84.29% on the normal test set and 79...

INTRODUCTION: The goal of this study is to compare the prognostic performance of NETPET scores, based on gallium-68 DOTANOC (68 Ga-DOTANOC) and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT), and PET-CT metabolic parameters in metastatic gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NET), while constructing and validating a nomogram derived from dual-scan PET-CT. METHODS: In this retrospective study, G1-G3 GI-NET patients who underwent 68 Ga-DOTANOC and 18 F-FDG PET scans were enrolled and divided into training and internal validation cohorts...

Somatostatin, a somatotropin release inhibiting factor (SST, SRIF), is a widely distributed multifunctional cyclic peptide and acts through a transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (SST1-SST5). Over the past decades, research has begun to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of this hormonal peptide. Among gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tumors, direct and indirect antitumor effects of SST have been documented best in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) and less well in non-endocrine cancers, including sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC)...

Lung neuroendocrine tumors (LNETs) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are two distinct types of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that have traditionally been treated as a single entity despite originating from different sources. Although they share certain phenotypic characteristics and the expression of neuroendocrine markers, they exhibit differences in their microenvironment, molecular mutations, and responses to various therapeutic regimens. Recent research has explored the genetic alterations in these tumors, revealing dissimilarities in the frequently mutated genes, the role of EGFR in carcinogenesis, the presence of transcription factors, and the immunogenicity of the tumor and its microenvironment...

BACKGROUND: The effect of preoperative anemia on clinical outcomes of patients undergoing resection of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) has not been previously investigated. This study aimed to characterize how preoperative anemia affected short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing curative-intent resection of GEP-NETs. METHODS: Patients who underwent curative-intent resection for GEP-NETs between January 1990 and December 2020 were identified from 8 major institutions...

Neuroendocrine tumors are rare cancers with heterogenous histologies, response to treatments and prognoses. Majority of these cancers originate in the gastrointestinal tract and metastasize to the liver. We are reporting 5 patients with low-grade neuroendocrine tumor disease with rare metastases to the choroids. Two of the patients were treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (Lutitium-177). This is the first report confirming PRRT safety in patients with low grade NET with ocular metastases.

BACKGROUND: Therapies for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are limited due to the diverse gene expression profiles and complicated immune microenvironments, making it an aggressive lymphoma. Beyond this, researches have shown that ferroptosis contributes to tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. We thus are interested to dissect the connection between ferroptosis and disease status of DLBCL. We aim at generating a valuable prognosis gene signature for predicting the status of patients of DLBCL, with focus on ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs)...

OBJECTIVE: Gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GI-GVHD) is one of the complications that can easily occur after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Timely diagnosis and treatment are pivotal factors that greatly influence the prognosis of patients. However, the current diagnostic method lacks adequate non-invasive diagnostic tools. METHODS: A total of 190 patients who suspected GI-GVHD were retrospectively included and divided into training set (n = 114) and testing set (n = 76) according to their discharge time...