Claria

The discoveries of new taxonomic features of digenean species through the application of contemporary techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular analysis are still growing. Two species of trematodes Glossidium pedatum and Tylodelphys mashonensis from the intestine and vitreous humour of Clarias gariepinus were recovered from Lake Ol'Bolossat, Kenya. The two endo-helminths were prepared for morphological examination using SEM and molecular characterisation. Additional morphological features were observed for G ...

This study was designed to evaluate the tolerance of Clarias gariepinus juveniles to a gradual and abrupt increase in salinity over time. To this effect, C. gariepinus juveniles were exposed to three salinity incremental protocols namely 1 g L-1  day-1 , 5 g L-1  day-1 , and 10 g L-1  day-1 . Changes in the hematological parameters and the gill histology of fish were analyzed to determine the impact of osmotic stress on the health status of the fish and its osmoregulatory ability...

This study evaluated the histopathological changes in the gill, liver and kidney of African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) intoxicated with a sub-lethal dose of Melaleuca cajuputi leaves extract (MCLE) for 96 h. The acute toxicity test has been determined previously with a value of 96-h LC50 = 127 mg/L, hence the selection of sub-lethal ranges from 60 mg/L to 160 mg/L of MCLE. Degenerative alterations were prominent in all tested organs, particularly after exposure to a high concentration of MCLE. Gill exhibited haemorrhage, epithelial lifting, lamellar disorganisation, and necrosis after exposure to a high MCLE concentration...

In contrast to mammalian red blood cells (RBCs), Osteichthyes RBCs contain a nucleus and organelles, suggesting the involvement of more intricate mechanisms, particularly in the context of ferroptosis. In this study, we utilized RBCs from Clarias fuscus (referred to as Cf-RBCs) as a model system. We conducted RNA-seq analysis to quantify gene expression levels in Cf-RBCs after exposure to both Aeromonas hydrophila and lipopolysaccharides. Our analysis unveiled 1326 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Cf-RBCs following 4 h of incubation with A...

Elevated concentrations of contaminants have negative impacts on aquatic organisms and their parasites. Changes in parasite infections have been proposed as a technique for monitoring the health of aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, alterations in physiological responses (biomarkers) of organisms have also been used to delineate ecosystem quality. Lake Heritage is situated along the Crocodile River in Muldersdrift, Gauteng, South Africa and is subject to contamination by acid mine drainage. Clarias gariepinus is a well-studied bioindicator species and host to numerous endo and ectoparasites...

This research aims to study the anthelmintic properties of selected five (5) tropical plant extracts, ascertained margin of fish host safety in reference with praziquantel, a commonly used chemo-therapeutics. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Alligator pepper seeds (Aframomum melegueta), Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), Ginger bulbs (Zingiber officinale) and Garlic (Allium sativum) and their potencies in reference to praziquantel against Clarias gariepinus and different classes of helminth parasites were investigated...

Pyrogallol promotes free radicals leading to oxidative stress and toxicity. There are however a lack of studies on oxidative stress and the antioxidant system of fish following exposure to pyrogallol. This study measured oxidative stress markers, antioxidant responses, and histological changes in catfish exposed to pyrogallol. Fish were divided into one of four experimental groups: control only, or 1, 5 or 10 mg/L pyrogallol. After 15 days, glutathione-S-transferase in the serum was decreased in fish exposed to either 5 or 10 mg/L pyrogallol relative to controls while superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity were decreased significantly in fish exposed to 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol...

BACKGROUND: Lagos lagoon is constantly being polluted from industrial and human activities. Fishes from Lagos lagoon contribute significant percentages of fish consumption in the Lagos metropolises. Therefore, this study evaluated heavy metal concentrations in tissues of four fish species ( Sarotherodon melanotheron, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus , C. gariepinus, and Ethmalosa fimbriata ) from Lagos lagoons and their human health implication. Concentrations of heavy metals and potential health hazard to consumers were evaluated with reference to Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Cancer Risk (CR)...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent environmental contaminants that present several environmental risks including human health. The 16 priority PAHs including its 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene were determined in sediment and fish samples ( Clarias anguillaris and Oreochromis niloticus ) of River Owan, Edo State, Nigeria using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with flame ionization detector (FID) and other standard laboratory protocols. The isomeric ratio was used for source diagnosis, sediment quality guidelines, and risk models of incremental lifetime cancer were used for risk assessment...

In this study the pattern of color of inheritance based on Mendel's laws on the Clarias gariepinus strain was evaluated, to ascertain the different traits of albino, normally pigmented, and a combination of both traits that could be passed across from the parent stocks to the progenies. Since albinism is caused by a series of genetic abnormalities resulting in the reduction of melanin production, partial diallel cross between normally pigmented and albino fish was carried out using two females (albino and normal pigmented brood fish) weighing 2...

In the aquaculture industry, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have great significance, mainly for confronting diseases. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the antibacterial efficiency of SiNPs as a versatile trial against Aeromonas veronii infection in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Further, we investigated the influence of SiNPs in palliating the immune-antioxidant stress biochemical, ethological, and histopathological alterations induced by A. veronii. The experiment was conducted for 10 days, and about 120 fish were distributed into four groups at random, with 30 fish each...

Fish trypanosomiasis is a common blood parasitic disease transmitted by aquatic invertebrates, such as leeches. This study aims to shed light on the cytotoxicity of Trypanosoma sp. on erythrocytes and its impacts on the innate immune response (serum lysozyme activity, nitric oxide production, phagocytic activity, serum total protein, and globulin) in wild African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. One hundred catfish were examined using blood smears stained with Giemsa and confirmed with PCR. The prevalence of infection was found to be 10% by microscope detection and 15% by PCR...

This study aimed to efficiently utilize catfish heads, enhancing the oil extraction process while improving the cost-effectiveness of fish byproduct management. The study employed the wet rendering method, a solvent-free approach, utilizing a two-factor Taguchi orthogonal array design to identify critical parameters for optimizing oil yield and ensuring high-quality oil attributes. The extraction temperature (80-120°C) and time (5-25 min) were chosen as variables in the wet rendering process. Range analysis identified the extraction time as a more significant ( p < 0...

Introduction: Glyphosate is a non-targeted organophosphate insecticide whose solubility and mobility in hydrophilic solvents enable its rapid leaching into the soil and subsequent contamination of ground and surface water and possible build-up in the aquatic food chain. Based on the public health importance of glyphosate in fish through consumption, it is crucial to determine the current residue concentration in culture Clarias gariepinus species. The aim of the present study is to evaluate glyphosate's residue concentrations and its metabolites in cultured African Catfish offered for sale in selected markets in Ibadan...

Illegal mining has overshadowed pharmaceutical pollution even though exposure to pharmaceutical waste is high. Consumption of fish potentially polluted with pharmaceuticals from the rivers continues with little concern or potential threat it poses. In the present study, the residues of one antibiotic (Chloramphenicol), five hormones (progesterone, 17-beta Estradiol, Estrone, 17a-Ethynylestradiol, and one), three environmental contaminants (4-para-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, and Bisphenol A), one barbiturate (Primidone) and one analgesic (Diclofenac sodium salt), were investigated from fish samples from the rivers Pra, Narkwa, and the Volta...

Pyrogallol is a naturally occurring polyphenol derived from natural plants, such as Acer rubrum and Eucalyptus sp. The current study was designed to evaluated pyrogallol-mediated toxicity at sublethal levels (1, 5, and 10 mg/L), derived from 96 h-LC50 values previously determined for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Immunotoxicological indices, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural alterations in C. gariepinus were evaluated following a 15-day pyrogallol exposure. Pyrogallol decreased immune parameters [lysozyme activity (LYZ), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and phagocytic activity] and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum of C...

Fish parasitic diseases impose a major economic concern on aquaculture. Identified parasites of Clarias gariepinus include one monogenean, Macrogyrodactylus clarii (gills), three digeneans Orientocreadium batrachoides, Eumasenia bangweulensis and Sanguinicola sp. (intestine), two cestodes Tetracampose ciliotheca and Monobothrioides chalmersius (intestine) and two nematodes Paracamallanus cyathopharynx and Procamallanus pseudolaeviconchus (intestine and stomach). Most nematodes, digeneans and cestodes occurred in all months of the study period...

Diuron is a globally used herbicide for weed control but has anti-androgenic effects on androgens (testosterone and androstenedione), antagonist effects on thyroid hormone signaling, and haematological effects due to their biotransformation in fish. Endocrine-disrupting biomarkers such as thyroid hormones, sex hormones and haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus sub-adults exposed to sub-lethal diuron concentrations were studied over a 28-day period. C. gariepinus (n = 200) sub-adults were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (0...

Crocodylians globally face considerable challenges, including population decline and extensive habitat modification. Close monitoring of crocodylian populations and their habitats is imperative for the timely detection of population trends, especially in response to management interventions. Here we use eDNA metabarcoding to identify the Critically Endangered Crocodylus rhombifer and the Vulnerable C. acutus, as well as vertebrate community diversity, in Cuba's Zapata Swamp. We tested four different primer sets, including those used previously in Crocodylus population genetic and phylogenetic research, for their efficiency at detecting crocodylian eDNA...

The study of diet is one of the mechanisms by which competition for resources between species that cohabit in the same ecosystem can be inferred. Therefore, the relationships of the indices that measure specialization in the diet of fish species are necessary to characterize the nutritional quality of these populations and the ecosystem's environmental health. Three species of catfish were selected: one invasive (Clarias gariepinus) and two natives (Trachelyopterus striatulus and Rhamdia quelen), with similar distribution along the Guapi-Macacu River, in the Guapimirim Protection Area (Rio de Janeiro)...