ovarian tumour

OBJECTIVE: The primary treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer is selected from whether primary debulking surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We investigated whether pretreatment serum microRNA profiles are useful for selecting patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer who obtain better outcomes from undergoing primary debulking surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: Consecutive patients with clinical stage IIIB-IVB and serum microRNA data were selected...

OBJECTIVES: A high proportion of women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) experience weakness and cachexia. This relationship is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. EOC is the most lethal gynecological cancer, yet no preclinical cachexia model has demonstrated the combined hallmark features of metastasis, ascites development, muscle loss and weakness in adult immunocompetent mice. METHODS: Here, we evaluated a new model of ovarian cancer-induced cachexia with the advantages of inducing cancer in adult immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice through orthotopic injections of EOC cells in the ovarian bursa...

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BACKGROUND: Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3C (EIF3C) represents a pivotal translational initiation factor in eukaryotes and has been shown to facilitate the progression of various neoplasms. However, its mechanistic role in ovarian cancer remains elusive. METHODS: In this research, the expression of EIF3C in ovarian cancer tissues was investigated using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the assessments were made on changes in cellular proliferation, invasion, and apoptotic abilities by reducing the expression of EIF3C in ovarian cancer cells...

Gliomatosis peritonei (GP) and Growing Teratoma Syndrome (GTS) are rare and clinically significant conditions often associated with ovarian teratomas. GP involves the development of benign glial implants on the peritoneal surface, while GTS is characterised by the growth of benign, yet enlarging peritoneal implants following chemotherapy for malignant germ cell tumours. These implants are typically histologically mature teratomas devoid of malignancy. Our report documents a unique case where both GP and GTS manifested in a patient undergoing treatment for an immature ovarian teratoma...

BACKGROUND: Accurate preoperative identification of ovarian tumour subtypes is imperative for patients as it enables physicians to custom-tailor precise and individualized management strategies. So, we have developed an ultrasound (US)-based multiclass prediction algorithm for differentiating between benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumours. METHODS: We randomised data from 849 patients with ovarian tumours into training and testing sets in a ratio of 8:2...

BACKGROUND: Failure of immunotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) may be due to high levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in ascites or tumour immune microenvironment (TIME). Here, we test whether coordinated blockade of TGF-β and PD-L1 with bintrafusp alfa (BA) can provoke anti-tumour immune responses in preclinical HGSC models. METHODS: BA is a first-in-class bifunctional inhibitor of TGF-β and PD-L1, and was tested for effects on overall survival and altered TIME in syngeneic HGSC models...

Despite progress in cancer immunotherapy, ovarian cancer (OC) prognosis continues to be disappointing. Recent studies have shed light on how not just tumour cells, but also the complex tumour microenvironment, contribute to this unfavourable outcome of OC immunotherapy. The complexities of the immune microenvironment categorize OC as a 'cold tumour'. Nonetheless, understanding the precise mechanisms through which the microenvironment influences the effectiveness of OC immunotherapy remains an ongoing scientific endeavour...

There are hundreds of prognostic models for ovarian cancer. These genes are based on different gene classes, and there are many ways to construct the models. Therefore, this paper aims to build the most stable prognostic evaluation system known to date through 101 machine learning strategies. We combined 101 algorithm combinations with 10 machine learning algorithms to create antigen presentation-associated genetic markers (AIDPS) with outstanding precision and steady performance. The inclusive set of algorithms comprises the elastic network (Enet), Ridge, stepwise Cox, Lasso, generalized enhanced regression model (GBM), random survival forest (RSF), supervised principal component (SuperPC), Cox partial least squares regression (plsRcox), survival support vector machine (Survival-SVM)...

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2, CDK4, CDK6), cyclin D1, cyclin E1 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRB1) are key regulators of the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint and may influence platinum response in ovarian cancers. CDK2/4/6 inhibitors are emerging targets in ovarian cancer therapeutics. In the current study, we evaluated the prognostic and predictive significance of the CDK2/4/6-cyclin D1/E1-pRB1 axis in clinical ovarian cancers (OC). The CDK2/4/6, cyclin D1/E1 and RB1/pRB1 protein expression were investigated in 300 ovarian cancers and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of the O-RADS MRI criteria in the stratification of risk of malignancy of solid or sonographically indeterminate ovarian masses and assess the interobserver agreement of this classification between experienced and inexperienced radiologists. METHODS: This single-centre retrospective study included patients from 2019 to 2022 with sonographically indeterminate or solid ovarian masses who underwent MRI with a specific protocol for characterisation according to O-RADS MRI specifications...

BACKGROUND: BRCA2 plays a key role in homologous recombination. However, information regarding its mutations in Chinese patients with breast cancer remains limited. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the clinicopathological characteristics of BRCA2 mutation breast cancer and explore the mutation's effect on hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer survival in China. DESIGN: This hospital-based cohort study prospectively included 629 women with breast cancer diagnosed from 2008 to 2023 at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital in China...

OBJECTIVE: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) are characterized by atypical epithelial proliferation without stromal invasion and majority are diagnosed in women of reproductive age group desirous of fertility preservation. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with BOT and on regular follow up at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, during a nine-year study period from March 2014 to March 2023 was performed. Surgical treatment was classified as radical or fertility sparing surgery (FSS)...

BACKGROUND: The timely identification and management of ovarian cancer are critical determinants of patient prognosis. In this study, we developed and validated a deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLR_Nomogram) based on ultrasound (US) imaging to accurately predict the malignant risk of ovarian tumours and compared the diagnostic performance of the DLR_Nomogram to that of the ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system (O-RADS). METHODS: This study encompasses two research tasks...

BACKGROUND: Due to a lack of randomised controlled trials and guidelines, and only case reports being available in the literature, there is no consensus on how to approach anaesthetic management in patients with giant intraabdominal tumours. METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate the literature and explore the current status of evidence, by undertaking an observational research design with a descriptive account of characteristics observed in a case series referring to patients with giant intraabdominal tumours who underwent anaesthesia...

This article reports a case of an ovarian collision tumour consisting of an ovarian fibroma and a serous cystadenoma. A 60-year-old woman exhibited symptoms of post-menopausal bleeding and abdominal pain persisting for three months. Computerized tomography identified a solid mass with a cystic component in the right adnexa, and the patient underwent staging laparotomy. Gross examination of the right ovary revealed a cystic tumour with adjacent solid mass. The histopathological analysis identified a cystic mass that matched the characteristics of a serous cystadenoma, with an adjacent solid mass that matched the characteristics of a sex-cord stromal tumour, both located in the right ovary...

BACKGROUND: Ginger is a common aromatic vegetable with a wide range of functional ingredients and considerable medicinal and nutritional properties. Numerous studies have shown that ginger and its active ingredients have suppressive effects on manifold tumours, including ovarian cancer (OC). However, the molecular mechanism by which ginger inhibits OC is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of ginger in OC. METHODS: The estimation of n6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels was performed using the m6A RNA Methylation Quantification Kit, and RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of m6A-related genes and proteins...

A human ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line was established from a 46-year-old Japanese woman. That line, designated MTC-22, has proliferated continuously for over 6 months in conventional RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum and has been passaged over 50 times. MTC-22 doubling-time is ~ 18 h, which is much shorter than most ovarian clear cell carcinoma lines reported to date. Morphologically, MTC-22 cells exhibit polygonal shapes and proliferate to form a monolayer in a jigsaw puzzle-like arrangement without contact inhibition...

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is genetically unstable and characterised by the presence of subclones with distinct genotypes. Intratumoural heterogeneity is linked to recurrence, chemotherapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Here, we use spatial transcriptomics to identify HGSOC subclones and study their association with infiltrating cell populations. Visium spatial transcriptomics reveals multiple tumour subclones with different copy number alterations present within individual tumour sections...

Metastases to the breast from extramammary sources are extremely rare, with the ovary, primarily high-grade serous carcinoma, being the most common origin. We report a case of breast metastases from advanced stage ovarian mucinous carcinoma in a 48-year-old female- a case hitherto unreported in the literature. The case is noteworthy for its atypical presentation marked by an areolar rash, clinically suggestive of Paget disease of the nipple. This unique clinical scenario, coupled with histopathological examination revealing in-situ -like carcinoma component, posed a diagnostic challenge in discerning the tumour origin...