keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515336/tuberculosis-preventive-treatment-uptake-among-adults-living-with-human-immunodeficiency-virus-analysis-of-zimbabwe-population-based-human-immunodeficiency-virus-impact-assessment-2020
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Talent Maphosa, Kelsey Mirkovic, Rachel A Weber, Godfrey Musuka, Munyaradzi P Mapingure, Julia Ershova, Rebecca Laws, Trudy Dobbs, William Coggin, Charles Sandy, Tsitsi Apollo, Owen Mugurungi, Michael Melchior, Mansoor S Farahani
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death by an infectious disease among people living with HIV (PLHIV). TB Preventive Treatment (TPT) is a cost-effective intervention known to reduce morbidity and mortality. We used data from ZIMPHIA 2020 to assess TPT uptake and factors associated with its use. METHODOLOGY: ZIMPHIA a cross-sectional household survey, estimated HIV treatment outcomes among PLHIV aged ≥15 years. Randomly selected participants provided demographic and clinical information...
March 22, 2024: International Journal of STD & AIDS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514736/explainable-machine-learning-for-early-predicting-treatment-failure-risk-among-patients-with-tb-diabetes-comorbidity
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
An-Zhou Peng, Xiang-Hua Kong, Song-Tao Liu, Hui-Fen Zhang, Ling-Ling Xie, Li-Juan Ma, Qiu Zhang, Yong Chen
The present study aims to assess the treatment outcome of patients with diabetes and tuberculosis (TB-DM) at an early stage using machine learning (ML) based on electronic medical records (EMRs). A total of 429 patients were included at Chongqing Public Health Medical Center. The random-forest-based Boruta algorithm was employed to select the essential variables, and four models with a fivefold cross-validation scheme were used for modeling and model evaluation. Furthermore, we adopted SHapley additive explanations to interpret results from the tree-based model...
March 21, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514467/antibiotic-treatment-modestly-reduces-protection-against-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-reinfection-in-macaques
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sharie Keanne Ganchua, Pauline Maiello, Michael Chao, Forrest Hopkins, Douaa Mugahid, Philana Ling Lin, Sarah M Fortune, JoAnne L Flynn
Concomitant immunity is generally defined as an ongoing infection providing protection against reinfection . Its role in prevention of tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is supported by epidemiological evidence in humans as well as experimental evidence in mice and non-human primates (NHPs). Whether the presence of live Mtb, rather than simply persistent antigen, is necessary for concomitant immunity in TB is still unclear. Here, we investigated whether live Mtb plays a measurable role in control of secondary Mtb infection...
March 22, 2024: Infection and Immunity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512968/quantifying-gaps-in-the-tuberculosis-care-cascade-in-brazil-a-mathematical-model-study-using-national-program-data
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sivaram Emani, Kleydson Alves, Layana Costa Alves, Daiane Alves da Silva, Patricia Bartholomay Oliveira, Marcia C Castro, Ted Cohen, Rodrigo de Macedo Couto, Mauro Sanchez, Nicolas A Menzies
BACKGROUND: In Brazil, many individuals with tuberculosis (TB) do not receive appropriate care due to delayed or missed diagnosis, ineffective treatment regimens, or loss-to-follow-up. This study aimed to estimate the health losses and TB program costs attributable to each gap in the care cascade for TB disease in Brazil. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We constructed a Markov model simulating the TB care cascade and lifetime health outcomes (e.g., death, cure, postinfectious sequelae) for individuals developing TB disease in Brazil...
March 21, 2024: PLoS Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512356/integrated-plasma-proteomics-identifies-tuberculosis-specific-diagnostic-biomarkers
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hannah F Schiff, Naomi F Walker, Cesar Ugarte-Gil, Marc Tebruegge, Antigoni Manousopoulou, Spiros D Garbis, Salah Mansour, Pak Ho Wong, Gabrielle Rockett, Paolo Piazza, Mahesan Niranjan, Andres F Vallejo, Christopher H Woelk, Robert J Wilkinson, Liku B Tezera, Diana Garay-Baquero, Paul Elkington
Novel biomarkers to identify infectious patients transmitting Mycobacterium tuberculosis are urgently needed to control the global tuberculosis (TB) pandemic. We hypothesized that proteins released into the plasma in active pulmonary TB are clinically useful biomarkers to distinguish TB cases from healthy individuals and patients with other respiratory infections. We applied a highly sensitive non-depletion tandem mass spectrometry discovery approach to investigate plasma protein expression in pulmonary TB cases compared to healthy controls in South African and Peruvian cohorts...
March 21, 2024: JCI Insight
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511668/community-views-on-active-case-finding-for-tuberculosis-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-a-qualitative-evidence-synthesis
#26
REVIEW
Melissa Taylor, Nancy Medley, Susanna S van Wyk, Sandy Oliver
BACKGROUND: Active case finding (ACF) refers to the systematic identification of people with tuberculosis in communities and amongst populations who do not present to health facilities, through approaches such as door-to-door screening or contact tracing. ACF may improve access to tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment for the poor and for people remote from diagnostic and treatment facilities. As a result, ACF may also reduce onward transmission. However, there is a need to understand how these programmes are experienced by communities in order to design appropriate services...
March 21, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510530/a-systematic-literature-review-of-mathematical-models-for-coinfections-tuberculosis-malaria-and-hiv-aids
#27
REVIEW
Fatuh Inayaturohmat, Nursanti Anggriani, Asep K Supriatna, Md Haider Ali Biswas
Tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV are among the most lethal diseases, with AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) being a chronic and potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Individually, each of these infections presents a significant health challenge. However, when tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV co-occur, the symptoms can worsen, leading to an increased mortality risk. Mathematical models have been created to study coinfections involving tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV...
2024: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510423/use-of-an-expert-elicitation-methodology-to-compare-welfare-impacts-of-two-approaches-for-blood-sampling-european-badgers-meles-meles-in-the-field
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adrian Colloff, Sandra E Baker, Ngaio J Beausoleil, Trudy Sharp, Huw Golledge, Julie Lane, Ruth Cox, Michal Siwonia, Richard Delahay
In the UK and Republic of Ireland, the European badger ( Meles meles ) is considered the most significant wildlife reservoir of the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis , the cause of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). To expand options for bTB surveillance and disease control, the Animal and Plant Health Agency developed a bespoke physical restraint cage to facilitate collection of a small blood sample from a restrained, conscious badger in the field. A key step, prior to pursuing operational deployment of the novel restraint cage, was an assessment of the relative welfare impacts of the approach...
2024: Animal Welfare
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510351/spatial-pattern-of-isoniazid-resistant-tuberculosis-and-its-associated-factors-among-a-population-with-migrants-in-china-a-retrospective-population-based-study
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongyin Zhang, Ruoyao Sun, Zheyuan Wu, Yueting Liu, Meiru Chen, Jinrong Huang, Yixiao Lv, Fei Zhao, Yangyi Zhang, Minjuan Li, Hongbing Jiang, Yiqiang Zhan, Jimin Xu, Yanzi Xu, Jianhui Yuan, Yang Zhao, Xin Shen, Chongguang Yang
BACKGROUND: Isoniazid-resistant, rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis (Hr-TB) globally exhibits a high prevalence and serves as a potential precursor to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Recognizing the spatial distribution of Hr-TB and identifying associated factors can provide strategic entry points for interventions aimed at early detection of Hr-TB and prevention of its progression to MDR-TB. This study aims to analyze spatial patterns and identify socioeconomic, demographic, and healthcare factors associated with Hr-TB in Shanghai at the county level...
2024: Frontiers in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509309/associations-of-residential-greenness-exposure-and-ambient-air-pollutants-with-newly-diagnosed-drug-resistant-tuberculosis-cases
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wan-Mei Song, Yi Liu, Dan Men, Shi-Jin Li, Ning-Ning Tao, Qian-Yun Zhang, Si-Qi Liu, Qi-Qi An, Xue-Han Zhu, Qi-Lin Han, Yu-Zhen Zhang, Ying-Ying Li, Chun-Xiao Li, Yao Liu, Chun-Bao Yu, Yi-Fan Li, Huai-Chen Li
Growing evidence has found the health protective effects of greenness exposure on tuberculosis (TB) and the impact of ambient air pollutants on TB drug-resistance. However, it remains unclear whether residential greenness is also beneficial to reduce TB drug-resistance, and whether air pollution modify the greenness-TB resistance relationship. We enrolled 5006 newly-diagnosed TB patients from Shandong, China, during 2014 to 2021. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in 250 m and 500 m buffer around individuals' residential zone was used to assess greenness exposure...
March 20, 2024: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508628/operational-priorities-for-engaging-with-india-s-private-healthcare-sector-for-the-control-of-tuberculosis-a-modelling-study
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saskia Ricks, Ananya Singh, Ridhima Sodhi, Arnab Pal, Nimalan Arinaminpathy
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the potential impact of expanding services offered by the Joint Effort for Elimination of Tuberculosis (JEET), the largest private sector engagement initiative for tuberculosis (TB) in India. DESIGN: We developed a mathematical model of TB transmission dynamics, coupled with a cost model. SETTING: Ahmedabad and New Delhi, two cities with contrasting levels of JEET coverage. PARTICIPANTS: Estimated patients with TB in Ahmedabad and New Delhi...
March 19, 2024: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506623/delays-to-treatment-initiation-and-emergence-of-drug-resistance-among-new-adult-tuberculosis-patients-in-tigray-northern-ethiopia
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kiros Tedla, Nega Berhe, Afework Mulugeta, Girmay Medhin, Gebretsadik Berhe, Guesh Abrha, Tilahun Teklehaymanot
Introduction. Studies in Ethiopia have indicated that tuberculosis (TB) patient's elapsed a long time before initiating treatment. Gap Statement. However, there is very limited evidence on the association of treatment initiation delay with drug resistance. Research Aim. To investigate the association of delayed treatment initiation with drug resistance among newly diagnosed TB patients in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods. We conducted a follow-up study from October 2018 to June 2020 by recruiting 875 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients from 21 randomly selected health facilities...
March 2024: Journal of Medical Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502454/infection-of-fetal-membranes-with-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-and-tissue-processing-to-isolate-rna-for-expression-analysis
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samantha Yong-Mendoza, Mónica Selena Fonseca-Pérez, Oscar Villavicencio-Carrisoza, Sandra Rivera-Gutiérrez, Addy Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
This chapter outlines the methodology employed to infect the chorionic and amniotic membranes with Mycobacterium tuberculosis during pregnancy. Particularly, congenital tuberculosis, a rare and serious condition associated with cases in neonates and reactivation of latent tuberculosis in pregnant mothers, is interesting to study. Understanding the mechanisms of infection and the response of fetal membranes is crucial for developing effective treatments in these cases, which will promote better neonatal and maternal health in situations of tuberculosis during pregnancy...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501805/use-of-multiple-pharmacodynamic-measures-to-deconstruct-the-nix-tb-regimen-in-a-short-course-murine-model-of-tuberculosis
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M A Lyons, A Obregon-Henao, M E Ramey, A A Bauman, S Pauly, K Rossmassler, J Reid, B Karger, N D Walter, G T Robertson
A major challenge for tuberculosis (TB) drug development is to prioritize promising combination regimens from a large and growing number of possibilities. This includes demonstrating individual drug contributions to the activity of higher-order combinations. A BALB/c mouse TB infection model was used to evaluate the contributions of each drug and pairwise combination in the clinically relevant Nix-TB regimen [bedaquiline-pretomanid-linezolid (BPaL)] during the first 3 weeks of treatment at human equivalent doses...
March 19, 2024: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501584/hadbd-dehydratase-from-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-fatty-acid-synthase-type-ii-a-singular-structure-for-a-unique-function
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pascaline Bories, Julie Rima, Samuel Tranier, Julien Marcoux, Yasmina Grimoire, Mathilde Tomaszczyk, Anne Launay, Karine Fata, Hedia Marrakchi, Odile Burlet-Schiltz, Lionel Mourey, Manuelle Ducoux-Petit, Fabienne Bardou, Cécile Bon, Annaïk Quémard
Worldwide, tuberculosis is the second leading infectious killer and multidrug resistance severely hampers disease control. Mycolic acids are a unique category of lipids that are essential for viability, virulence, and persistence of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Therefore, enzymes involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis represent an important class of drug targets. We previously showed that the (3R)-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase (HAD) protein HadD is dedicated mainly to the production of ketomycolic acids and plays a determinant role in Mtb biofilm formation and virulence...
April 2024: Protein Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500958/excess-tuberculosis-risk-during-and-following-incarceration-in-paraguay-a-retrospective-cohort-study
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guillermo Sequera, Gladys Estigarribia-Sanabria, Sarita Aguirre, Claudia Piñanez, Leonardo Martinez, Rafael Lopez-Olarte, Jason R Andrews, Katharine S Walter, Julio Croda, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro
BACKGROUND: The increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) among people deprived of liberty (PDL) is due to individual and institution-level factors. We followed a cohort of PDL from 5 prisons in Paraguay to describe the risk of TB during incarceration and after they were released. METHODS: We linked a 2013 national census of prisons with TB records from the TB Program from 2010 to 2021 to identify TB notifications among incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals...
March 2024: Lancet Reg Health Am
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500696/missed-opportunity-for-tuberculosis-screening-among-patients-presenting-at-two-health-facilities-in-manafwa-district-uganda
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Titus Wamulima, John Peter Masette Masaba, David Musoke, David Mukunya, Joseph Kb Matovu
Missed opportunities for Tuberculosis (TB) screening are key drivers of continued tuberculosis transmission. To determine the proportion of and factors associated with missing TB screening amongst patients who attended Bubulo and Butiru health facilities in the Manafwa district to inform future TB prevention and control efforts in Uganda. This was a facility-based, cross-sectional study with quantitative methods of data collection. 125 patients (≥18 years) with at least one symptom suggestive of TB were systematically selected and interviewed at the exit...
November 30, 2023: Journal of Public Health in Africa
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500691/model-informed-precision-dosing-of-isoniazid-parametric-population-pharmacokinetics-model-repository
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gehang Ju, Xin Liu, Wenyu Yang, Nuo Xu, Lulu Chen, Chenchen Zhang, Qingfeng He, Xiao Zhu, Dongsheng Ouyang
INTRODUCTION: Isoniazid (INH) is a crucial first-line anti tuberculosis (TB) drug used in adults and children. However, various factors can alter its pharmacokinetics (PK). This article aims to establish a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models repository of INH to facilitate clinical use. METHODS: A literature search was conducted until August 23, 2022, using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. We excluded published popPK studies that did not provide full model parameters or used a non-parametric method...
2024: Drug Design, Development and Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500518/prediction-of-pyrazinamide-resistance-in-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-using-structure-based-machine-learning-approaches
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joshua J Carter, Timothy M Walker, A Sarah Walker, Michael G Whitfield, Glenn P Morlock, Charlotte I Lynch, Dylan Adlard, Timothy E A Peto, James E Posey, Derrick W Crook, Philip W Fowler
BACKGROUND: Pyrazinamide is one of four first-line antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis; however, antibiotic susceptibility testing for pyrazinamide is challenging. Resistance to pyrazinamide is primarily driven by genetic variation in pncA , encoding an enzyme that converts pyrazinamide into its active form. METHODS: We curated a dataset of 664 non-redundant, missense amino acid mutations in PncA with associated high-confidence phenotypes from published studies and then trained three different machine-learning models to predict pyrazinamide resistance...
April 2024: JAC-antimicrobial resistance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500280/interferon-upregulation-associates-with-insulin-resistance-in-humans
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria M Adeva-Andany, Natalia Carneiro-Freire, Elvira Castro-Quintela, Eva Ameneiros-Rodriguez, Lucia Adeva-Contreras, Carlos Fernandez-Fernandez
In humans, insulin resistance is a physiological response to infections developed to supply sufficient energy to the activated immune system. This metabolic adaptation facilitates the immune response but usually persists after the recovery period of the infection and predisposes the hosts to type 2 diabetes and vascular injury. In patients with diabetes, superimposed insulin resistance worsens metabolic control and promotes diabetic ketoacidosis. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying insulin resistance during microbial invasions remain to be fully defined...
March 18, 2024: Current Diabetes Reviews
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