keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486011/the-individual-response-to-antibiotics-and-diet-insights-into-gut-microbial-resilience-and-host-metabolism
#21
REVIEW
Lars M M Vliex, John Penders, Arjen Nauta, Erwin G Zoetendal, Ellen E Blaak
Antibiotic use disrupts microbial composition and activity in humans, but whether this disruption in turn affects host metabolic health is unclear. Cohort studies show associations between antibiotic use and an increased risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we review available clinical trials and show the disruptive effect of antibiotic use on the gut microbiome in humans, as well as its impact on bile acid metabolism and microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. Placebo-controlled human studies do not show a consistent effect of antibiotic use on body weight and insulin sensitivity at a population level, but rather an individual-specific or subgroup-specific response...
March 14, 2024: Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485900/the-potential-of-therapeutic-strategies-targeting-mitochondrial-biogenesis-for-the-treatment-of-insulin-resistance-and-type-2-diabetes-mellitus
#22
REVIEW
Wenwen Ding, Xiaoxue Yang, Kaiyi Lai, Yu Jiang, Ying Liu
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder marked by deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or function, affecting various tissues and organs and leading to numerous complications. Mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which cells generate new mitochondria utilizing existing ones plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid handling. Recent evidence suggests that promoting mitochondrial biogenesis can alleviate insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle while improving pancreatic β-cell function...
March 14, 2024: Archives of Pharmacal Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485716/imeglimin-mitigates-the-accumulation-of-dysfunctional-mitochondria-to-restore-insulin-secretion-and-suppress-apoptosis-of-pancreatic-%C3%AE-cells-from-db-db-mice
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kyota Aoyagi, Chiyono Nishiwaki, Yoko Nakamichi, Shun-Ichi Yamashita, Tomotake Kanki, Mica Ohara-Imaizumi
Mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells leads to impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), highlighting the importance of autophagic elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria (mitophagy) in mitochondrial quality control (mQC). Imeglimin, a new oral anti-diabetic drug that improves hyperglycemia and GSIS, may enhance mitochondrial activity. However, chronic imeglimin treatment's effects on mQC in diabetic β-cells are unknown. Here, we compared imeglimin, structurally similar anti-diabetic drug metformin, and insulin for their effects on clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy in pancreatic β-cells from diabetic model db/db mice and mitophagy reporter (CMMR) mice...
March 14, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485514/the-effect-of-artemisia-annua-l-aqueous-and-methanolic-extracts-on-insulin-signaling-in-liver-of-hfd-stz-diabetic-mice
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Mohammad Reza Seyedi Moqadam, Mohammad Shokrzadeh Lamuki, Forouzan Sadeghimahalli, Mahshid Ghanbari
OBJECTIVES: Many studies have shown the anti-diabetic effects of medicinal plants. But their molecular mechanism has been less studied. Understanding of these mechanisms can help to better manage the treatment of diabetes by using these plants. So, this research examined the effect of Artemisia annua extract on PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKt (serine/threonine kinase protein B) signaling pathway in liver of high-fat diet (HFD)/Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice...
March 15, 2024: Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485342/jtt-654-an-11-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-type-1-inhibitor-improves-hypertension-and-diabetic-kidney-injury-by-suppressing-angiotensinogen-production
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shiro Heitaku, Tomohiko Sasase, Tomohiro Sotani, Mimi Maki, Takashi Kawai, Hisayo Morinaga, Jun Nishiu
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) plays an important role in regulating the expression of glucocorticoid actions in target tissues. Overexpression of 11β-HSD1 in mouse adipose tissue causes a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype, leading to hypertension. Although, many 11β-HSD1 inhibitors have been studied, few have shown a clear ameliorative effect against hypertension. We investigated whether JTT-654, a novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, ameliorated hypertension and elucidated the underlying mechanisms...
April 2024: Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485229/a-static-glucose-stimulated-insulin-secretion-sgsis-assay-that-is-significantly-predictive-of-time-to-diabetes-reversal-in-the-human-islet-bioassay
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruth Damaris Molano, Antonello Pileggi, Hubert M Tse, Cherie L Stabler, Christopher A Fraker
INTRODUCTION: Static incubation (static glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, sGSIS) is a measure of islet secretory function. The Stimulation Index (SI; insulin produced in high glucose/insulin produced in low glucose) is currently used as a product release criterion of islet transplant potency. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Our hypothesis was that the Delta, insulin secreted in high glucose minus insulin secreted in low glucose, would be more predictive. To evaluate this hypothesis, sGSIS was performed on 32 consecutive human islet preparations, immobilizing the islets in a slurry of Sepharose beads to minimize mechanical perturbation...
March 14, 2024: BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484984/innovations-using-telemedicine-to-improve-care-of-predominantly-non-white-youth-with-suboptimal-insulin-dependent-diabetes-control
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa Rasbach, Ginna Purrington, Deanna Adkins, Robert Benjamin
AIM: Despite advances in diabetes treatments, youth commonly fail to meet glucose targets. Telehealth support may help youth meet diabetes related goals. The objective of the project was to assess whether intensive telehealth support in a group of poorly controlled youth with diabetes would help improve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and decrease hospitalization rates over a 12-month time frame. METHODS: This quality improvement project included youth aged 8-18 with suboptimal insulin dependent diabetes control and Medicaid insurance, who were willing to use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)...
March 12, 2024: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484908/identification-of-potential-serum-biomarkers-associated-with-hba1c-levels-in-indian-type-2-diabetic-subjects-using-nmr-based-metabolomics
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saleem Yousf, Hitender S Batra, Rakesh M Jha, Devika M Sardesai, Kalyani Ananthamohan, Jeetender Chugh, Shilpy Sharma
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and the development of insulin resistance, has increased globally, with worrying statistics coming from children, adolescents, and young adults from developing countries like India. Here, we investigated unique circulating metabolic signatures associated with prediabetes and T2DM in an Indian cohort using NMR-based metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study subjects included healthy volunteers (N = 101), prediabetic subjects (N = 75), and T2DM patients (N = 108)...
March 12, 2024: Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483656/mechanistic-insights-and-potential-therapeutic-implications-of-nrf2-in-diabetic-encephalopathy
#29
REVIEW
Xin Cheng, Yejun Tan, Hongli Li, Zhen Zhang, Shan Hui, Zheyu Zhang, Weijun Peng
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a complication of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D), characterized by damage in the central nervous system and cognitive impairment, which has gained global attention. Despite the extensive research aimed at enhancing our understanding of DE, the underlying mechanism of occurrence and development of DE has not been established. Mounting evidence has demonstrated a close correlation between DE and various factors, such as Alzheimer's disease-like pathological changes, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress...
March 14, 2024: Molecular Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483543/a-ketone-monoester-drink-reduces-postprandial-blood-glucose-concentrations-in-adults-with-type-2-diabetes-a-randomised-controlled-trial
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alistair J Monteyne, Kaja Falkenhain, Gráinne Whelehan, Helena Neudorf, Doaa R Abdelrahman, Andrew J Murton, Benjamin T Wall, Francis B Stephens, Jonathan P Little
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the present study was to conduct a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial to determine whether pre-meal ketone monoester ingestion reduces postprandial glucose concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study, ten participants with type 2 diabetes (age 59±1.7 years, 50% female, BMI 32±1 kg/m2 , HbA1c 54±2 mmol/mol [7.1±0...
March 14, 2024: Diabetologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482013/il-6-signaling-drives-self-renewal-and-alternative-activation-of-adipose-tissue-macrophages
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jan Ackermann, Lilli Arndt, Janine Fröba, Andreas Lindhorst, Markus Glaß, Michaela Kirstein, Constance Hobusch, F Thomas Wunderlich, Julia Braune, Martin Gericke
INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue (AT) and an increase of AT macrophages (ATMs) that is linked to the onset of type 2 diabetes. We have recently shown that neutralization of interleukin (IL)-6 in obese AT organ cultures inhibits proliferation of ATMs, which occurs preferentially in alternatively activated macrophage phenotype. METHODS: In this study, we investigated AT biology and the metabolic phenotype of mice with myeloid cell-specific IL-6Rα deficiency ( Il6ra Δmyel ) after normal chow and 20 weeks of high-fat diet focusing on AT inflammation, ATM polarization and proliferation...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481895/studies-on-the-effect-of-piperine-on-hepatocyte-nuclear-factor-1-alpha-hnf-1%C3%AE-and-sterol-regulatory-element-binding-protein-1c-srebp-1c-levels-in-high-fat-diet-and-sucrose-induced-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-rats
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ummu Zuvairiya, Selvaraj Jayaraman, Kavitha Sankaran, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Gayathri R
BACKGROUND: Piperine, a naturally occurring compound in black pepper ( Piper nigrum ), is known for its potential health benefits, including its reported enhancement of insulin sensitivity. However, the precise impact of piperine on hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF-1α) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), transcription factors for insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in hepatocytes, remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effect of piperine, compared to metformin, on blood glucose and insulin levels by modifying the expression of hepatic HNF-1α and SREBP-1c in high-fat-diet (HFD) and sucrose-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats and in human Chang liver cells...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481703/functional-roles-of-furin-in-cardio-cerebrovascular-diseases
#33
REVIEW
Surasak Wichaiyo, Pimpisid Koonyosying, Noppawan Phumala Morales
Furin plays a major role in post-translational modification of several biomolecules, including endogenous hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. Recent reports have demonstrated the association of furin and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) in humans. This review describes the possible pathogenic contribution of furin and its substrates in CVDs. Early-stage hypertension and diabetes mellitus show a negative correlation with furin. A reduction in furin might promote hypertension by decreasing maturation of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or by decreasing shedding of membrane (pro)renin receptor (PRR), which facilitates activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)...
March 8, 2024: ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481551/antihyperglycemic-effect-of-extra-virgin-sacha-inchi-oil-in-type-2-diabetic-rats-mechanisms-involved-in-pancreatic-%C3%AE-cell-function-and-apoptosis
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Navinee Wongmanee, Worarat Rojanaverawong, Tantip Boonsong, Wanthanee Hanchang
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The purpose of the study was to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic effect of extra virgin sacha inchi oil (EVSIO) and its possible mechanisms and actions against pancreatic β-cell death and dysfunction in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: T2D rats were induced with a high-fat diet and low-dose of streptozotocin. The rats were then treated for 5 weeks with EVSIO (0.5, 1, and 2 ml/kg), or pioglitazone. Biochemical and histopathological studies, oxidative and inflammatory markers, and expression of apoptotic-related proteins were then evaluated...
March 2024: Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481310/predictive-effect-of-triglyceride-glucose-index-on-no-reflow-phenomenon-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-and-acute-myocardial-infarction-undergoing-primary-percutaneous-coronary-intervention
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan Ma, Mohan Wang, Peng Wu, Xueping Ma, Dapeng Chen, Shaobin Jia, Ning Yan
OBJECTIVE: Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is considered as a new alternative marker of insulin resistance and a clinical predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with coronary artery disease. However, the prognostic value of TyG index on No-Reflow (NR) Phenomenon in T2DM patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 1683 patients with T2DM and AMI underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were consecutively included between January 2014 and December 2019...
March 14, 2024: Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38480757/ksrp-improves-pancreatic-beta-cell-function-and-survival
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leticia Barssotti, Gabriela Moreira Soares, Emílio Marconato-Júnior, Bruna Lourençoni Alves, Kênia Moreno Oliveira, Everardo Magalhães Carneiro, Antonio Carlos Boschero, Helena Cristina Lima Barbosa
Impaired insulin production and/or secretion by pancreatic beta cells can lead to high blood glucose levels and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, investigating new proteins involved in beta cell response to stress conditions could be useful in finding new targets for therapeutic approaches. KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is a protein usually involved in gene expression due to its role in post-transcriptional regulation. Although there are studies describing the important role of KSRP in tissues closely related to glucose homeostasis, its effect on pancreatic beta cells has not been explored so far...
March 13, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479993/pancreatic-%C3%AE-cell-failure-clinical-implications-and-therapeutic-strategies-in-type-2-diabetes
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daxin Cui, Xingrong Feng, Siman Lei, Hongmei Zhang, Wanxin Hu, Shanshan Yang, Xiaoqian Yu, Zhiguang Su
Pancreatic β-cell failure due to a reduction in function and mass has been defined as a primary contributor to the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reserving insulin-producing β-cells and hence restoring insulin production are gaining attention in translational diabetes research, and β-cell replenishment has been the main focus for diabetes treatment. Significant findings in β-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation, pluripotent stem cell differentiation, and associated small molecules have served as promising strategies to regenerate β-cells...
March 13, 2024: Chinese Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479546/yunvjian-decoction-mitigates-hyperglycemia-in-rats-induced-by-a-high-fat-diet-and-streptozotocin-via-reducing-oxidative-stress-in-pancreatic-beta-cells
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jie Lv, Meng Su, Yansong Wang, Juan Yang, Yanni Liang, Lin Chen, Liyan Lei
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Yunvjian (YNJ), a traditional Chinese herbal formula first reported in Jing Yue Quan Shu, is commonly used in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanism by which YNJ affects T2DM remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of YNJ on T2DM and explore the potential mechanism involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the chemical compounds of YNJ...
March 11, 2024: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479369/increased-severity-of-presentation-signs-in-children-with-newly-diagnosed-type-1-diabetes-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-tertiary-center-experience
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elif İzci Güllü, Leyla Akin, Mehmet Enes Gökler, Murat Aydin
INTRODUCTION: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an important complication of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) which is worsened when the diagnosis of T1DM is delayed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presentation patterns, severity, autoantibody status and seasonal variability of newly diagnosed T1DM patients during the pandemic period of two years compared to those in the pre-pandemic period. METHODS: In this single tertiary center retrospective cohort study newly diagnosed T1DM patients were grouped as pre-pandemic and pandemic period...
March 13, 2024: Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478198/estrogen-promotes-fetal-skeletal-muscle-mitochondrial-distribution-and-atp-synthase-activity-important-for-insulin-sensitivity-in-offspring
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Soon Ok Kim, Eugene D Albrecht, Gerald J Pepe
PURPOSE: We previously showed that offspring delivered to baboons in which levels of estradiol (E2 ) were suppressed during the second half of gestation exhibit insulin resistance. Mitochondria are essential for the production of ATP as the main source of energy for intracellular metabolic pathways, and skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetics exhibit mitochondrial abnormalities. Mitochondria express estrogen receptor β and E2 enhances mitochondrial function in adults. Therefore, the current study ascertained whether exposure of the fetus to E2 is essential for mitochondrial development...
March 13, 2024: Endocrine
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