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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fei Bian, Xiao-Yue Liang, Meng Wang, Zhong-Zhi Sun, Bin-Bin Xie
Alginate is an important polysaccharide that is abundant in the marine environments, including the Polar Regions, and bacterial alginate lyases play key roles in its degradation. Many reported alginate lyases show characteristics of cold-adapted enzymes, including relatively low temperature optimum of activities (Topt ) and low thermal stabilities. However, the cold-adaption mechanisms of alginate lyases remain unclear. Here, we studied the cold-adaptation mechanisms of alginate lyases by comparing four members of the PL7 family from different environments: AlyC3 from the Arctic ocean (Psychromonas sp...
April 10, 2024: Extremophiles: Life Under Extreme Conditions
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Botao Zhou, Ziyi Song, Zhicong Yin, Xinping Xu, Bo Sun, Pangchi Hsu, Haishan Chen
Recent rapid Arctic sea ice loss was documented as combined results from anthropogenic forcing and climate system internal variability. However, the role of internal variability is not well understood. Here, we propose that the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO), an intrinsic atmospheric mode featuring out-of-phase variations in upper-tropospheric temperatures between Asia and the North Pacific, is one driver for autumn sea ice variability in the eastern Arctic. The positive summer APO favors warming of the mid-latitude North Atlantic sea surface temperatures...
March 30, 2024: Nature Communications
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Evgeny A Podolskiy, Monica Ogawa, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Kasper L Johansen, Anders Mosbech
The child-like question of why birds sing in the morning is difficult to answer, especially in polar regions. There, in summer animals live without the time constraints of daylight, and little is known about the rhythmicity of their routines. Moreover, in situ monitoring of animal behavior in remote areas is challenging and rare. Here, we use audio data from Greenland to show that a colony of a key Arctic-breeding seabird, the little auk (Alle alle), erupts with acoustic excitement at night in August, under the midnight sun...
March 15, 2024: Communications Biology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kang Eun Kim, Hyoung Min Joo, Yu Jin Kim, Donhyug Kang, Taek-Kyun Lee, Seung Won Jung, Sun-Yong Ha
Marine virus diversity and their relationships with their hosts in the marine environment remain unclear. This study investigated the co-occurrence of marine DNA bacteriophages (phages) and bacteria in the sub-Arctic area of Kongsfjorden Bay in Svalbard (Norway) in April and June 2018 using metagenomics tools. Of the marine viruses identified, 48-81% were bacteriophages of the families Myoviridae , Siphoviridae , and Podoviridae . Puniceispirillum phage HMO-2011 was dominant (7.61%) in April, and Puniceispirillum phage HMO-2011 (3...
January 28, 2024: Microorganisms
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anton M Potapov, Ting-Wen Chen, Anastasia V Striuchkova, Juha M Alatalo, Douglas Alexandre, Javier Arbea, Thomas Ashton, Frank Ashwood, Anatoly B Babenko, Ipsa Bandyopadhyaya, Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche Baretta, Dilmar Baretta, Andrew D Barnes, Bruno C Bellini, Mohamed Bendjaballah, Matty P Berg, Verónica Bernava, Stef Bokhorst, Anna I Bokova, Thomas Bolger, Mathieu Bouchard, Roniere A Brito, Damayanti Buchori, Gabriela Castaño-Meneses, Matthieu Chauvat, Mathilde Chomel, Yasuko Chow, Steven L Chown, Aimee T Classen, Jérôme Cortet, Peter Čuchta, Ana Manuela de la Pedrosa, Estevam C A De Lima, Louis E Deharveng, Enrique Doblas Miranda, Jochen Drescher, Nico Eisenhauer, Jacintha Ellers, Olga Ferlian, Susana S D Ferreira, Aila S Ferreira, Cristina Fiera, Juliane Filser, Oscar Franken, Saori Fujii, Essivi Gagnon Koudji, Meixiang Gao, Benoit Gendreau-Berthiaume, Charles Gers, Michelle Greve, Salah Hamra-Kroua, I Tanya Handa, Motohiro Hasegawa, Charlène Heiniger, Takuo Hishi, Martin Holmstrup, Pablo Homet, Toke T Høye, Mari Ivask, Bob Jacques, Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Malte Jochum, Sophie Joimel, Bruna Claudia S Jorge, Edite Juceviča, Esther M Kapinga, Ľubomír Kováč, Eveline J Krab, Paul Henning Krogh, Annely Kuu, Natalya Kuznetsova, Weng Ngai Lam, Dunmei Lin, Zoë Lindo, Amy W P Liu, Jing-Zhong Lu, María José Luciáñez, Michael T Marx, Amanda Mawan, Matthew A McCary, Maria A Minor, Grace I Mitchell, David Moreno, Taizo Nakamori, Ilaria Negri, Uffe N Nielsen, Raúl Ochoa-Hueso, Luís Carlos I Oliveira Filho, José G Palacios-Vargas, Melanie M Pollierer, Jean-François Ponge, Mikhail B Potapov, Pascal Querner, Bibishan Rai, Natália Raschmanová, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Laura J Raymond-Léonard, Aline S Reis, Giles M Ross, Laurent Rousseau, David J Russell, Ruslan A Saifutdinov, Sandrine Salmon, Mathieu Santonja, Anna K Saraeva, Emma J Sayer, Nicole Scheunemann, Cornelia Scholz, Julia Seeber, Peter Shaw, Yulia B Shveenkova, Eleanor M Slade, Sophya Stebaeva, Maria Sterzynska, Xin Sun, Winda Ika Susanti, Anastasia A Taskaeva, Li Si Tay, Madhav P Thakur, Anne M Treasure, Maria Tsiafouli, Mthokozisi N Twala, Alexei V Uvarov, Lisa A Venier, Lina A Widenfalk, Rahayu Widyastuti, Bruna Winck, Daniel Winkler, Donghui Wu, Zhijing Xie, Rui Yin, Robson A Zampaulo, Douglas Zeppelini, Bing Zhang, Abdelmalek Zoughailech, Oliver Ashford, Osmar Klauberg-Filho, Stefan Scheu
Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82...
January 3, 2024: Scientific Data
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yusen Liu, Cheng Sun, Jianping Li, Fred Kucharski, Emanuele Di Lorenzo, Muhammad Adnan Abid, Xichen Li
Over the satellite era, Antarctic sea ice exhibited an overall long-term increasing trend, contrary to the Arctic reduction under global warming. However, the drastic decline of Antarctic sea ice in 2014-2018 raises questions about its interannual and decadal-scale variabilities, which are poorly understood and predicted. Here, we identify an Antarctic sea ice decadal oscillation, exhibiting a quasi-period of 8-16 years, that is anticorrelated with the Pacific Quasi-Decadal Oscillation (r = -0...
December 13, 2023: Nature Communications
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
David G Hazlerigg, Daniel Appenroth, Barbara M Tomotani, Alexander C West, Shona H Wood
The polar regions receive less solar energy than anywhere else on Earth, with the greatest year-round variation in daily light exposure; this produces highly seasonal environments, with short summers and long, cold winters. Polar environments are also characterised by a reduced daily amplitude of solar illumination. This is obvious around the solstices, when the Sun remains continuously above (polar 'day') or below (polar 'night') the horizon. Even at the solstices, however, light levels and spectral composition vary on a diel basis...
December 1, 2023: Journal of Experimental Biology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saurabh C Sharda, Mandip Singh Bhatia, Rohit R Jakhotia, Ashish Behera, Atul Saroch, Ashok Kumar Pannu, H Mohan Kumar
AIM: The principal objective of this study was to carry out a comprehensive and thorough analysis to compare the safety and effectiveness of the Arctic Sun, a servo-controlled surface cooling device, with conventional cooling techniques for providing therapeutic hypothermia in adult patients who had experienced hypoxic-ischemic brain injury following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS: In order to achieve our goal, we conducted an extensive search of multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials...
2023: Brain Circulation
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Azhar Rashid, Chao Fang, Dan Qin, Yusheng Zhang, François Nkinahamira, Jun Bo, Qian Sun
The status and ecological impacts of sedimentary elements of the marginal seas of Arctic and Northern Pacific Oceans was investigated during 2016 to 2018 by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Industrial (0.006 mg kg-1 -64.6 g kg-1 ), precious (0.003-43.8 mg kg-1 ), rare earth (0.006-112.9 mg kg-1 ), and heavy metal (0.009-398.9 mg kg-1 ) elements showed spatial variation, and temporal uniformity. The results indicated ΣREEs and light REEs enrichment compared to chondrite and heavy REEs, respectively, while nonsignificant positive and negative δCe and δEu anomalies existed, respectively...
October 30, 2023: Marine Pollution Bulletin
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina M Tschritter, Peter V C de Groot, Marsha Branigan, Markus Dyck, Zhengxin Sun, Stephen C Lougheed
Anthropogenic stressors are exacerbating the emergence and spread of pathogens worldwide. In regions like the Arctic, where ecosystems are particularly susceptible, marked changes are predicted in regional diversity, intensity, and patterns of infectious diseases. To understand such rapidly changing host-pathogen dynamics and mitigate the impacts of novel pathogens, we need sensitive disease surveillance tools. We developed and validated a novel multiplexed, magnetic capture, and ddPCR tool for the surveillance of multiple pathogens in polar bears, a sentinel species that is considered susceptible to climate change and other stressors with a pan-Arctic distribution...
November 2023: Ecology and Evolution
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hans Tømmervik, Tommaso Julitta, Lennart Nilsen, Taejin Park, Andreas Burkart, Katarzyna Ostapowicz, Stein Rune Karlsen, Frans-Jan Parmentier, Norbert Pirk, Jarle W Bjerke
A hyperspectral field sensor (FloX) was installed in Adventdalen (Svalbard, Norway) in 2019 as part of the Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS) for monitoring vegetation phenology and Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) of high-Arctic tundra. This northernmost hyperspectral sensor is located within the footprint of a tower for long-term eddy covariance flux measurements and is an integral part of an automatic environmental monitoring system on Svalbard (AsMovEn), which is also a part of SIOS...
October 2023: Data in Brief
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephen Grant, Geir Johnsen, David McKee, Artur Zolich, Jonathan H Cohen
The ArcLight observatory provides an hourly continuous time series of all-sky images providing light climate data (intensity, spectral composition, and photoperiod) from the Arctic (Svalbard at 79°N). Until recently, no complete annual time series of light climate relevant for biological processes has been provided from the high Arctic because of insufficient sensitivity of commercial light sensors during the Polar Night. The ArcLight set up is unique, as it provides both all-sky images and the corresponding integrated spectral irradiance in the visible part of the solar electromagnetic spectrum ( E P A R )...
July 1, 2023: Applied Optics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Donglin Guo, Huijun Wang, Vladimir E Romanovsky, Alan M Haywood, Nick Pepin, Ulrich Salzmann, Jianqi Sun, Qing Yan, Zhongshi Zhang, Xiangyu Li, Bette L Otto-Bliesner, Ran Feng, Gerrit Lohmann, Christian Stepanek, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Wing-Le Chan, W Richard Peltier, Deepak Chandan, Anna S von der Heydt, Camille Contoux, Mark A Chandler, Ning Tan, Qiong Zhang, Stephen J Hunter, Youichi Kamae
Accurate understanding of permafrost dynamics is critical for evaluating and mitigating impacts that may arise as permafrost degrades in the future; however, existing projections have large uncertainties. Studies of how permafrost responded historically during Earth's past warm periods are helpful in exploring potential future permafrost behavior and to evaluate the uncertainty of future permafrost change projections. Here, we combine a surface frost index model with outputs from the second phase of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project to simulate the near-surface (~3 to 4 m depth) permafrost state in the Northern Hemisphere during the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP, ~3...
September 5, 2023: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michelle L Berger, Susan D Shaw, Charles B Rolsky, Da Chen, Jiachen Sun, Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid, Sandra Magdalena Granquist, Malene Simon, Britt-Marie Bäcklin, Anna Maria Roos
Flame retardants are globally distributed contaminants that have been linked to negative health effects in humans and wildlife. As top predators, marine mammals bioaccumulate flame retardants and other contaminants in their tissues which is one of many human-imposed factors threatening population health. While some flame retardants, such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), have been banned because of known toxicity and environmental persistence, limited data exist on the presence and distribution of current-use alternative flame retardants in marine mammals from many industrialized and remote regions of the world...
July 28, 2023: Environmental Pollution
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junbo Yu, Chuanfang Zhou, Ke Yang, Qifa Sun, Qipeng Zhang, Zhiwei Yang, Yangyang Chen
The accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in agricultural soils is of particular concern in China, while its status, ecological risks, and human health hazards have been little studied in the permafrost areas of Northeast China. In this study, 75 agricultural soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from the Arctic Village, Mo'he City, in the northernmost part of China. The average concentration (mean ± standard deviation) of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 12.11 ± 3.66 mg/kg, 0.11 ± 0...
July 21, 2023: Toxics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
YoonHee Lim, So-Hyun Park, Eun Jae Kim, HeeJun Lim, Jinsun Jang, In-Sun Hong, Sanghee Kim, YunJae Jung
BACKGROUND: Polar microalgae contain unique compounds that enable them to adapt to extreme environments. As the skin barrier is our first line of defense against external threats, polar microalgae extracts may possess restorative properties for damaged skin, but the potential of microalgae extracts as skin protective agents remains unknown. PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze compound profiles from polar microalgae extracts, evaluate their potential as skin epithelial protective agents, and examine the underlying mechanisms...
July 13, 2023: Biological Research
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jianxing Sun, Aoqi Zhang, Zhongxian Zhang, Yang Liu, Hongbo Zhou, Haina Cheng, Zhu Chen, Hai Li, Ran Zhang, Yuguang Wang
Revealing the ecological processes and environmental adaptation of abundant and rare archaea is a central, but poorly understood, topic in ecology. Here, abundant and rare archaeal diversity, community assembly processes and co-occurrence patterns were comparatively analyzed in Arctic marine sediments. Our findings revealed that the rare taxa exhibited significantly higher diversity compared to the abundant taxa. Additionally, the abundant taxa displayed stronger environmental adaptation than the rare taxa...
July 6, 2023: Marine Environmental Research
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zuxiu Yao, Guangyi Sun, Li Lin, Wei Zhang, Junfang Zhang, Lingjian Gao, Lihai Shang
Water safety concerning Barium (Ba) has become a public issue worldwide. As the "Asian water tower", Tibetan Plateau is the birthplace of many rivers. However, the distribution, source, and output flux of Ba are largely unknown. In this study, surface water samples were collected from different catchments in the Sanjiangyuan Region (SJY) and the Qilian Mountain Region (QLM) in Tibetan Plateau. The concentration of Ba was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, the source of Ba was discussed by a Gibbs diagram, and the output flux of Ba was estimated using the observation data from different hydrological stations...
June 24, 2023: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liang Zhang, Sheng Sun, Wenjie Gong, Lesa Thompson, Jeffrey Cruz, Kinzang Dukpa, Riva Marie Gonzales, Zhongzhong Tu, Biao He, Yan Liu, Changchun Tu, Ye Feng
South-East Asia (SEA) and South Asia (SA) are two important geographic regions with the most severe enzootic rabies in the world. In these regions, phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus (RABV) has been conducted only at a country level; the results obtained from different countries are scattered and unequal, with a non-uniform system to name RABV genotypes. Therefore, it is difficult to undertake origin-tracking and compare inter-country RABV evolution and transmission. To avoid the confusion in understanding and to generate a panoramic picture of RABV genetic diversity, distribution, and transmission in SEA and SA, the present study conducted a systematic phylogenetic analysis by combining all sequences representing 2368 RABV strains submitted to GenBank by 14 rabies endemic SEA and SA countries...
June 21, 2023: Infection, Genetics and Evolution
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Curtis Leclerc, Morteza Talebian Nia, Gordon G Giesbrecht
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is used to treat patients with cerebral ischemia. Body surface cooling provides a simple noninvasive method to induce TH. We compared three surface cooling systems (Arctic Sun with adhesive ArcticGel pads [AS]); Blanketrol III with two nonadhesive Maxi-Therm Lite blankets [BL]); and Blanketrol III with nonadhesive Kool Kit [KK]). We hypothesized that KK would remove more heat due to its tighter fit and increased surface area. Eight subjects (four females) were cooled with each system set to 4°C outflow temperature for 120 minutes...
June 5, 2023: Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management
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