blunt injury

BACKGROUND: The immunosuppression and immune dysregulation that follows severe injury includes type 2 immune responses manifested by elevations in interleukin (IL) 4, IL5, and IL13 early after injury. We hypothesized that IL33, an alarmin released early after tissue injury and a known regulator of type 2 immunity, contributes to the early type 2 immune responses after systemic injury. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Blunt trauma patients admitted to the trauma intensive care unit of a level I trauma center were enrolled in an observational study that included frequent blood sampling...

INTRODUCTION: With near-routine use of computed tomography (CT) for imaging trauma patients, the diagnosis of pneumothorax, especially occult pneumothorax, has increased. However, the need for chest tube insertion remains controversial. We aimed to study the management of pneumothorax detected on CT among patients with blunt trauma, including the decision for tube thoracostomy, in a community-based hospital. METHODS: Chest CT scans of patients with blunt trauma treated at Al Rahba Hospital, Abu Dhabi, from October 2010 to October 2014 were retrospectively studied...

The chyle duct (CD) lies close to the spine behind the right renal vein and vena cava. Forces capable of tearing the CD may also injure other adjacent structures or organs. Cases of isolated chylous injury are rarely reported in the literature. Our aim was to report a case of isolated chylous injury due to blunt abdominal trauma that was successfully treated non-operatively. A 54-year-old man was involved in a deceleration-type traffic accident. His physical examinations, radiologic evaluations, paracentesis, and laboratory findings revealed isolated chylous injury resulting from intra- and retroperitoneal chylous fluid collection...

A critical step of MSCs therapy is dependent on its ability to migrate into the sites of injury, so various approaches have been introduced to boost the migratory ability of MSCs. PGE2 is the major prostaglandin generated by COX enzymes and has been implicated in inflammatory response. Evidence indicates that PGE2 can facilitate MSCs migration. Further exploration of the underlying molecular mechanism participating in the promigratory ability of PGE2 may provide a novel strategy to improve MSC transplantation efficacy...

This report describes a paediatric patient presenting with haemodynamically stable non-sustained ventricular tachycardia 1 day after minor blunt chest trauma. Initial laboratory studies, chest X-ray and echocardiography were normal; however, cardiac MRI revealed precordial haematoma, myocardial contusion and small pericardial effusion. Throughout her hospital course, she remained asymptomatic aside from frequent couplets and triplets of premature ventricular contractions. Ectopy was controlled with oral verapamil...

After blunt trauma, certain CT markers, such as free intraperitoneal air, strongly suggest bowel perforation, whereas other markers, including free intraperitoneal fluid without solid organ injury, may be merely suspicious for acute injury. The present study aims to delineate the safety of nonoperative management for markers of blunt bowel or mesenteric injury (BBMI) that are suspicious for significant bowel injury after blunt trauma. This was a retrospective review of adult blunt trauma patients with abdominopelvic CT scans on admission to a Level I trauma center between 2012 and 2014...

Recent clinical research in patients with blunt chest injury has focused on the benefits of surgical fixation of rib fractures. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been demonstrated to prevent the need for intubation and ventilation in posttraumatic respiratory failure. The preemptive use of NIV in patients with rib fractures has not been extensively studied. Our study evaluated the outcomes of patients with ≥3 rib fractures and hospitalized for ≥ 4 days. Seventy-one patients treated with NIV were compared with 270 patients without NIV...

PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESIS: Although sex- and gender-specific analyses have been gaining more attention during the last years they have rarely been performed in orthopaedic literature. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether for injuries of the UCL the specific location of the rupture is influenced by sex. A secondary study question addressed the sex-independent effect of trauma intensity on the rupture site of the UCL. METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of all patients with either a proximal or distal bony avulsion or with a mid-substance tear or ligament avulsion of the UCL treated surgically between 1992 and 2015 at two level-I trauma centres...

BACKGROUND: Acute upper extremity injuries remain one of the most common consultations in the emergency departments for plastic surgery services. These injuries can affect a person's quality of life and negatively affect work-related or social interactions if not properly managed. We aim to evaluate our experience and management in a specialized referral center in Mexico City. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed. All patients with hand trauma managed by our service from July 2010 to June 2015 were included; their demographic characteristics were described as well as the most common patterns of injury, management, and outcome...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Massive transfusion protocol seems to improve outcome in massively bleeding trauma patients, but not pelvic fracture patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of massive transfusion protocol on the mortality and fluid resuscitation of shocked pelvic fracture patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a trauma register study from a single hospital. From the trauma registry patients with pelvic fracture, injury severity score >15, admission base excess below -5, age >15 years, blunt trauma, and primary admission from the scene were identified...

We are reporting a case of missed blunt traumatic aortic injury (BTAI). A 28 year male presented with chest pain following a motor vehicle accident. He was discharged following normal clinical signs and chest radiograph. The following day he complained of lower limb weakness. Traumatic aortic dissection was revealed via computer tomography (CT) of the thorax. BTAI cannot be ruled out with normal clinical signs and chest radiograph alone. CT thorax is mandatory to rule out BTAI in high impact chest injury.

BACKGROUND: Injuries to the ureter or bladder are relatively rare. Therefore, a high level of clinical suspicion and knowledge of operative anatomy is of utmost importance for their management. Herein, a review of the literature related to the modern diagnosis, management, and prognosis for bladder and ureteral injuries is presented. METHODS: A literature search was conducted through PubMed. A thorough search of the world's literature published in English was completed...

OBJECTIVE: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by degeneration of joint cartilage. It is associated with pain and disability and is the result of either age and activity related joint wear or an injury. Non-invasive treatment options are scarce and prevention and early intervention methods are practically non-existent. The modeling effort presented in this article is constructed based on an emerging biological hypothesis-post-impact oxidative stress leads to cartilage cell apoptosis and hence the degeneration observed with the disease...

The present study focused on the therapeutic effects of resveratrol in a rat model of blunt chest trauma-induced acute lung injury and the potential role of endocan as a biomarker of inflammation. They were randomly divided into the following four groups (n = 7 in each group): control group (no treatment or trauma); trauma group (trauma-induced group); resveratrol group (resveratrol [0.3 mg/kg] administered via the i.p. route group); and resveratrol + trauma group (resveratrol [0.3 mg/kg] administered via the i...

Background -Cardiac ischemic injury induces a pathological remodeling response, which can ultimately lead to heart failure. Detailed mechanistic insights into molecular signaling pathways relevant for different aspects of cardiac remodeling will support the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Methods -While genome-wide transcriptome analysis on diseased tissues has greatly advanced our understanding of the regulatory networks that drive pathological changes in the heart, this approach has been disadvantaged by the fact that the signals are derived from tissue homogenates...

INTRODUCTION: Intoxication often prevents clinical clearance of the cervical spine (Csp) after trauma leading to prolonged immobilization even with a normal CT scan. We evaluated the accuracy of CT at detecting clinically significant Csp injury, and surveyed participants on related opinions and practice. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study (2013-2015) at 17 centers. All adult blunt trauma patients underwent structured clinical examination and imaging including a Csp CT, with follow-up thru discharge...

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BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in prevention and rescue, mortality rates after severe blunt trauma continue to be a problem. The present study analyses mortality patterns in a representative blunt trauma population, specifically the influence of demographic, injury pattern, location and timing of death. METHODS: Patients that died between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2005 were subjected to a standardised autopsy. INCLUSION CRITERIA: death from blunt trauma due to road traffic injuries (Injury Severity Score ≥ 16), patients from a defined geographical area and death on scene or in hospital...

OBJECTIVE: Many Americans sustain large animal-related injuries (LARIs) from blunt trauma. We compare the injuries and management of LARI in our region of the United States with those of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). METHODS: A 15-year retrospective study of trauma patients with LARI matched to MVC controls by Injury Severity Score (ISS), age, and sex was conducted. Values were statistically compared, and differences were considered statistically significant at P < ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical relevance of blunt (thoracic) chest trauma (TxT) and hemorrhagic shock is indisputable due to the high prevalence of this injury type, as well as its close association with mortality and/or preventable deaths. Furthermore, there is an ongoing discussion about the influence of alcohol in trauma patients. Thus, we established a model of TxT followed by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (H/R) in alcohol-intoxicated rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Depending on group allocation, twelve (sub-acute) or two (acute) hours before experimentation, the animals received a single oral dose of alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) or saline (NaCl) followed by TxT, hemorrhagic shock (35 ± 3 mm Hg) and resuscitation (TxT+H/R)...