blunt injury

BACKGROUND: The Society of Vascular Surgery (SVS) guidelines currently suggest thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for grade II-IV and non-operative management (NOM) for grade I blunt traumatic aortic injury (BTAI). However, there is increasing evidence that grade II may also be observed safely. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of TEVAR and NOM for grade I-IV BTAI and determine if grade II can be safely observed with NOM. METHODS: The records of patients with BTAI from 2004 to 2015 at a Level I trauma center were retrospectively reviewed...

BACKGROUND: Blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) are rare with nonspecific predictors, making optimal screening critical. Radiation concerns magnify these issues in children. The Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) criteria, the Utah score (US) and the Denver criteria (DC) have been advocated for pediatric BCVI screening, though direct comparison is lacking. We hypothesized that current screening guidelines inaccurately identify pediatric BCVI. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric trauma patients treated from 2005-2015 with radiographically confirmed BCVI...

Physical activity confers a broad spectrum of health benefits. Beyond the obvious role in metabolically driven diseases, the role of physical activity in acute liver injury is poorly explored. To study the role of physical activity in acute liver injury, a novel model of voluntary distance running in mice was developed and mice were subjected to acute liver injury induced by N-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Analyses included histological stains, immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and FACS analysis...

BACKGROUND: The Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) protocol is considered beneficial in emergent evaluation of trauma patients with blunt or penetrating injury and has become integrated into the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol. No guidelines exist as to the use of ultrasonography in trauma in Denmark. We aimed to determine the current use of ultrasonography for assessing trauma patients in Denmark. METHODS: We conducted a nation-wide cross-sectional investigation of ultrasonography usage in trauma care...

INTRODUCTION: The Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is used worldwide in prehospital practice and in the emergency department (ED) settings to triage trauma patients. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of the RTS plus serum albumin (RTS-A) and to compare it with other existing trauma scores as well as to compare the predictive performance of the Trauma and Injury Severity Score with the RTS-A (TRISS-A) with the original TRISS. METHODS: This was a single center, trauma registry based observational cohort study...

The Northern Ohio Trauma System (NOTS), consisting of multiple hospital systems, was established in 2010 to improve trauma outcomes. This study assessed its impact on mortality and time to definitive care, focusing especially on the severely injured patients. NOTS trauma registry was queried for all trauma activations from 2008 to 2013. The years between 2008-2009 and 2011-2013 were designated as pre- and post-NOTS, respectively. Data from 2010 was excluded as a transitional year. Two trauma centers (TCs) closed in 2010...

The delayed development of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm (SAP) can complicate the nonoperative management of splenic injuries. We sought to determine the utility of repeat imaging in diagnosing SAP in patients managed nonoperatively without angioembolization. We hypothesized that a significant rate of SAPs would be found in this population on repeat imaging. Patients undergoing nonoperative splenic injury management from January 2011 to June 2015 were queried from the trauma registry. Rates of repeat imaging, angioembolization, readmission, and SAP development were analyzed...

A 52-year-old man sustained a sternal fracture after a blunt traumatic chest injury. He was in severe pain in the intensive care unit, which resulted in difficulty breathing and increased analgesic requirement, and a decision was made to stabilize his manubrial fracture. Orthopaedic and thoracic surgeons jointly performed open reduction and internal fixation of the displaced manubrial fracture using 2 distal clavicle locking plates. This resulted in improvement in patient's pain and helped with his subsequent recovery and discharge from the hospital...

STUDY DESIGN: Adult patients who received CT alone or CT-MRI for the evaluation of cervical OBJECTIVE.: To evaluate the utility of CT-MRI in the diagnosis of cervical spine injury using propensity matched techniques. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The optimal evaluation (computed tomography [CT] alone vs CT and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) for patients with suspected cervical spine injury in the setting of blunt trauma remains controversial. METHODS: The primary outcome was the identification of a cervical spine injury, with decision for surgery and change in management considered secondarily...

BACKGROUND: Rational development of technology for rapid control of noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) requires detailed understanding of what is bleeding. Our objectives were to describe the anatomic location of truncal bleeding in patients presenting with NCTH and compare endovascular (ENDO) management versus open (OPEN) management. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of adult trauma patients with NCTH admitted to four urban Level I trauma centers in the Houston and San Antonio metropolitan areas in 2008 to 2012...

BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery with suprarenal cross-clamping is often associated with renal injury. Although the mechanism underlying such injury is unclear, tissue ischemia and reperfusion, which induces endothelial dysfunction and decreases the availability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), may play a role. We evaluated whether BH4 administration prevents renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in an animal model of aortic cross-clamping. METHODS: Nineteen anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and invasively monitored adult sheep were randomized into 3 groups: sham animals (n = 5) that underwent surgical preparation but no aortic clamping; an ischemia/reperfusion group (n = 7), where the aorta was clamped above the renal arteries for 1 hour, and a BH4 group (n = 7), in which animals received 20 mg/kg of BH4 followed by aortic cross-clamp for 1 hour...

Lung contusion is the most common lung injury following blunt chest trauma which, in turn, is associated with high mortality rates (Gavelli et al., 2002). Lung contusion is characterized by hemorrhage and edema with consecutively reduced compliance. In this study, unilateral lung contusion and other traumata were induced in 12 pigs by using a bolt gun machine. To investigate the pathophysiological consequences of lung contusion, information on clinical parameters was collected and monitored regularly while animals were additionally monitored with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) before trauma, and at 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after polytrauma...

Fatalities caused by animal attacks are rare, but have the potential to mimic homicide. We present a case in which a moose attacked and killed a woman who was walking her dog in a forest. Autopsy showed widespread blunt trauma with a large laceration on one leg in which blades of grass were embedded. Flail chest was the cause of death. The case was initially conceived as homicide by means of a riding lawn mower. A review of the case by moose experts and analyses of biological trace material that proved to originate from moose, established the true source of injury...

BACKGROUND: Limb ischemia/reperfusion causes inflammation and elicits oxidative stress that may lead to local tissue damage and remote organ such as lung injury. This study investigates pulmonary function after limb ischemia/reperfusion and the protective effect of a lipid emulsion (Intralipid). METHODS: Twenty-four rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group (group S), ischemia/reperfusion group (group IR), and lipid emulsion treatment group (group LE)...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The activation of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been shown to be positively correlated with the severity of proteinuria in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an important inflammatory mediator, is also involved in various kidney injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and PGE2 synthetic pathway in albumin-induced renal tubular injury. METHODS: Murine proximal tubular cells (mPTCs) were treated with albumin to induce cell injury...

OBJECTIVE: To identify the role of autopahgy in the protective mechanism of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS: Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number table) divided into five groups (n = 8 in each group), namely sham group, model group, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) group, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group and 6-amino-3-methylpurine (3-MA) group. Partial hepatic I/R model was established by clamping the pedicles of left and median lobes for 1 hour and reopening for 6 hours in rats, and the rats in sham group were only received celiotomp without hepatic I/R...

The mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) positively regulates axon growth in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Though axon regeneration and functional recovery from CNS injuries are typically limited, knockdown or deletion of PTEN, a negative regulator of mTOR, increases mTOR activity and induces robust axon growth and regeneration. It has been suggested that inhibition of S6 Kinase 1 (S6K1, gene symbol: RPS6KB1), a prominent mTOR target, would blunt mTOR's positive effect on axon growth. In contrast to this expectation, we demonstrate that inhibition of S6K1 in CNS neurons promotes neurite outgrowth in vitro by 2-3 fold...

PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence, subtypes, severity and determinants of ocular trauma (OT) in a population-based study in Singapore. METHODS: We included 3353 Chinese adults aged ≥40 years from the Singapore Chinese Eye Study, a population-based study, conducted between 2009 and 2011. OT was defined as self-reported history of any eye injury requiring medical attention with or without hospitalisation, and further classified as blunt object, sharp object or chemical burns related...

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic imaging of pediatric blunt abdominal trauma is evolving in light of increased attention to radiation exposure. We hypothesize that the implementation of imaging guidelines has reduced total CT scans without missing clinically significant injury. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed blunt trauma patients age 0-17 with solid organ injury who underwent CT scan at our academic level 1 pediatric trauma center between 2005 and 2014. Variables including total annual trauma admissions and CT scans, demographics, injury characteristics, and procedures were recorded...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to morbidity in children, and more boys experience TBI. Cerebral autoregulation is impaired after TBI, contributing to poor outcome. Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) is often normalized by use of vasoactive agents to increase mean arterial pressure (MAP). In prior studies of newborn and juvenile pigs, vasoactive agent choice influenced outcome after TBI as a function of age and sex, with none protecting cerebral autoregulation in both ages and sexes. Dopamine (DA) prevents impairment of cerebral autoregulation in male and female newborn pigs via inhibition of upregulation of ERK mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) after fluid percussion injury (FPI)...