Pirata

BACKGROUND: Although almost all extant spider species live in terrestrial environments, a few species live fully submerged in freshwater or seawater. The intertidal spiders (genus Desis) built silk nests within coral crevices can survive submerged in high tides. The diving bell spider, Argyroneta aquatica, resides in a similar dynamic environment but exclusively in freshwater. Given the pivotal role played by mitochondria in supplying most energy for physiological activity via oxidative phosphorylation and the environment, herein we sequenced the complete mitogenome of Desis jiaxiangi to investigate the adaptive evolution of the aquatic spider mitogenomes and the evolution of spiders...

Leucocytozoon has been globally described as avian hosts, and it significantly affects many avian taxa including the fighting cock. The clinical signs of leucocytozoonosis range from asymptomatic to high morbidity leading to increase mortality rates. Interestingly, there are insufficient epidemiological studies of this blood parasite or the molecular identification of infections within the vertebrate host. In this study, 250 blood samples were collected from fighting cocks at 9 districts in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand...

Ehrlichia canis is the common blood pathogen infected dogs in Thailand that significantly affect dog health and caused canine monocytic ehrlichiosis which leads to anaemia, high morbidity also mortality rates. This study was performed to analyse associated risk factors and evaluate the significance of haematological responses of dogs infected with E. canis in Phitsanulok province, the northern part of Thailand. Blood samples were collected from 94 dogs, 27 (28.7%) dogs have been confirmed E. canis infection by nested PCR method...

Ocean latent heat flux ( LHF ) is an essential variable for air-sea interactions, which establishes the link between energy balance, water and carbon cycle. The low-latitude ocean is the main heat source of the global ocean and has a great influence on global climate change and energy transmission. Thus, an accuracy estimation of high-resolution ocean LHF over low-latitude area is vital to the understanding of energy and water cycle, and it remains a challenge. To reduce the uncertainties of individual LHF products over low-latitude areas, four machine learning ( ML ) methods (Artificial Neutral Network ( ANN ), Random forest ( RF ), Bayesian Ridge regression and Random Sample Consensus ( RANSAC ) regression) were applied to estimate low-latitude monthly ocean LHF by using two satellite products ( JOFURO -3 and GSSTF -3) and two reanalysis products ( MERRA -2 and ERA-I )...

As the predominant predator of pests in rice fields, spiders have been exposed to cadmium (Cd) pollution for a long time. The livability of spiders during the overwintering period is closely related to population growth in spring, but the effects of Cd on spider's survival of cold hardness and the underlining mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, we found that some growth parameters (body length, width, mass and livability) in the wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus were altered distinctively under Cd stress...

Human strongyloidiasis is a deleterious gastrointestinal disease mainly caused by Strongyloides stercoralis infection. We aimed to study the possible transmission of S. stercoralis between humans and pet animals. We isolated Strongyloides from humans and domestic dogs in the same rural community in north-east Thailand and compared the nucleotide sequences of derived worms using portions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) genes. Twenty-eight sequences from the 18S rRNA gene were obtained from worms derived from humans (n = 23) and dogs (n = 5), and were identical with S...

Background: Most of trematodes need snails to complete their life cycles. Consequently freshwater snails are served as intermediate hosts of many parasites worldwide. There is a lack of report on snail diversity and parasitic infection in snails in Sirindhorn Reservoir, Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. Methods: Mollusk diversity and trematode cercariae infections were investigated in snails from 120 sampling sites surround Sirindhorn Reservoir from April 2018 to June 2018...

Background: Tick-borne bacteria, Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis are well recognized as the etiology of anemia and thrombocytopenia in dogs. The clinical signs of anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis range from asymptomatic to severe symptoms . There are insufficient studies about epidemiological surveys of these blood parasites, also the association of infections with the hematological study. Aim: This study aimed to screen A. platys and E. canis in naturally infected dogs and the effects of the infection on the levels of packed cell volume (PCV) and platelet count...

Cryptosporidiosis is considered to be a crucial zoonotic disease caused by worldwide distributing parasitic protozoa called Cryptosporidium spp. Cryptosporidiosis becomes a major public health and veterinary concern by affecting in human and various host range species of animals. Essentially, its importance of infection is increasing because of the high incidence in young children, immunocompromised persons, or immunodeficiency syndrome patients, especially in HIV/AIDS, and it is also one of the most causes of mortality in those patients who infected with Cryptosporidium spp...

Most spiders are natural enemies of pests, and it is beneficial for the biological control of pests to learn the relationships between symbionts and their spider hosts. Research on the bacterial communities of insects has been conducted recently, but only a few studies have addressed the bacterial communities of spiders. To obtain a complete overview of the microbial communities of spiders, we examined eight species of spider ( Pirata subpiraticus , Agelena difficilis , Artema atlanta , Nurscia albofasciata , Agelena labyrinthica , Ummeliata insecticeps , Dictis striatipes, and Hylyphantes graminicola ) with high-throughput sequencing based on the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene...

The human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, Digenea) uses snails of the genus Bithynia as first intermediate host. Peculiarly among trematodes, the eggs of O. viverrini hatch within the digestive tract of its snail host. It remains uncertain whether hatching in this species is mediated through mechanical fracture of the eggshell or by digestion with specific digestive enzymes. This study aimed to characterize enzymes with specific inhibitors and factors involved in the hatching activity of O...

The novel mesoionic insecticide triflumezopyrim was highly effective in controlling both imidacloprid-susceptible and resistant planthopper populations in Malaysia. However, the toxicity of triflumezopyrim to planthopper populations and their natural enemies has been under-investigated in China. In this study, the median lethal concentrations (LC50 ) of triflumezopyrim were determined in eight field populations of Nilaparvata lugens and one population of Sogatella furcifera from China under laboratory conditions...

Ko Ae Sub-district of Khueang Nai, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand is located in an endemic area for Opisthorchis viverrini and other fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) infection. This study shows the status in Ko Ae Sub-district of FZT infection based on availability of intermediate hosts and necessary requirements for the transmission of FZT. A cross-sectional survey of intermediate hosts of FZT, including Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos and cyprinoid fish, was conducted from April 2013 to December 2014...

The Australian Brush-tailed Phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa sensu lato) has a broad but highly fragmented distribution around the periphery of the Australian continent and all populations are under significant ongoing threat to survival. A new appraisal of morphological and molecular diversity within the group reveals that the population in the 'Top End' of the Northern Territory is specifically distinct from all others, including those in the Kimberley region of Western Australia to the west and on Cape York of Queensland to the east...

Canine tick borne diseases showing distribution worldwide have caused morbidity and mortality in dogs. This study observed the mainly tick borne pathogens described for dogs in Thailand, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Babesia canis vogeli. From May to July 2014, blood samples were collected from 79 stray dogs from 7 districts of Mahasarakham province to molecular surveyed for 16s rRNA gene of E. canis and 18s rRNA gene of H. canis and B. canis vogeli. Twenty eight (35.44%) of stray dogs showed the infection with tick borne pathogens...

Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) remains as medically important problem in Thailand especially in the north-eastern part. Infection with this parasite can lead to cholangiocarcinoma improvement. The highest prevalence of O. viverrini infection has been found in the Northeast Thailand and is associated with the high incidence rate of cholangiocarcinoma. To complete the life cycle of O. viverrini, the freshwater snails namely Bithynia funiculata, Bithynia siamensis siamensis and Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos (B...

Opisthorchis viverrini is restricted to and requires for its aquatic life cycle only Bithynia snail as first intermediate host but many species of cyprinid fish as second intermediate hosts. A survey in Thailand of trematode infection in freshwater snails of the family Bithyniidae carried out during October 2008 - July 2009 found a total of 5,492 snails, classified into ten species distributed in various geographic areas. Bithyniafuniculata and Gabbia pygmaea were localized to the north, B. s. goniomphalos, Wattebledia siamensis and W...

The complete mitochondrial genome of a wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus was determined. It is a circular molecule of 14,528 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 21 transfer RNAs (tRNA(Gly) is lost) and a control region. The A + T content of the overall base composition of majority strand (J-strand) is 75.6% (T: 42.0%; C: 8.6%; A:33.6%; G: 15.8%). Among protein-coding genes, one genes (COIII) start with TTG, four genes (ND1, ND2, ATP8 and Cytb) begin with ATT and other eight genes use ATA as initiation codon...

The lycosid genus Agalenocosa Mello-Leitão, 1944 comprises at least eight species from northern and eastern Argentina and neighbouring countries: Agalenocosa velox (Keyserling, 1891) comb. nov. (from southern Brazil and Argentina), transferred here from Pirata Sundevall, 1833, A. tricuspidata (Tullgren, 1905) comb. nov. (from northwestern Argentina), transferred here from Pardosa C.L. Koch, 1847, A. luteonigra (Mello-Leitão, 1945) (from Argentina and Uruguay), A. punctata Mello-Leitão, 1944 (from Buenos Aires and Entre Ríos, Argentina),  A...

Recent research with skilled adult readers has consistently revealed an advantage of consonants over vowels in visual-word recognition (i.e., the so-called "consonant bias"). Nevertheless, little is known about how early in development the consonant bias emerges. This work aims to address this issue by studying the relative contribution of consonants and vowels at the early stages of visual-word recognition in developing readers (2(nd) and 4(th) Grade children) and skilled adult readers (college students) using a masked priming lexical decision task...