keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38416647/lag-3-and-cxcr5-expressing-cd4-t%C3%A2-cells-display-progenitor-like-properties-during-chronic-visceral-leishmaniasis
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sharada Swaminathan, Linh Thuy Mai, Alexandre P Meli, Liseth Carmona-Pérez, Tania Charpentier, Alain Lamarre, Irah L King, Simona Stäger
Maintenance of CD4 T cells during chronic infections is vital for limiting pathogen burden and disease recrudescence. Although inhibitory receptor expression by CD4 T cells is commonly associated with immune suppression and exhaustion, such cell-intrinsic mechanisms that control activation are also associated with cell survival. Using a mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we discovered a subset of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3)-expressing CD4 T cells that co-express CXCR5. Although LAG3+ CXCR5+ CD4 T cells are present in naive mice, they expand during VL...
February 27, 2024: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38410517/cd4-th1-and-th17-responses-and-multifunctional-cd8-t-lymphocytes-associated-with-cure-or-disease-worsening-in-human-visceral-leishmaniasis
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca, Lorranny Santana Rodrigues, Aline Silva Barreto, Geydson Silveira da Cruz, José Carlos Aragão-Santos, Angela Maria da Silva, Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus, Clarisa B Palatnik-de-Sousa, Roque Pacheco de Almeida, Cristiane Bani Corrêa
INTRODUCTION: In VL, a proinflammatory phenotype is typically associated with enhanced phagocytosis and a Th1 mediated immune response resulting in infection control. In contrast, an anti-inflammatory phenotype, associated with a predominant regulatory response, typically enables intracellular multiplication of Leishmania parasites and disease progression. METHODS: To investigate the impact of chemotherapy on Th2 and Th17 immune responses in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we assessed all combinations of intracellular expression of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17 in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from patients, after antigenic stimulation with Leishmania lysate, throughout treatment and follow-up...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38409720/diagnosis-of-canine-visceral-leishmaniasis-by-flow-cytometry-serology-using-the-rmeleish-multiepitope-antigen-coupled-in-a-functional-bead
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Henrique Bonifácio Moura, Henrique Gama Ker, Luana S Ramos, Lais M Nogueira, Juliana M Machado, Daniel S Dias, Rita Alaíde Leandro Rodrigues, Mariana Campos da Paz, Rafael Gonçalves Teixeira-Neto, Alexandre Barbosa Reis, Alexsandro S Galdino, Eduardo S Silva
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease, with dogs being the main reservoir of the Leishmania infantum parasite. OBJECTIVE: To develop a new flow cytometry test to diagnosis canine VL (CVL) diagnosis. METHODS: The current study addresses a new flow cytometry test using beads coupled to the multiepitope antigen rMELEISH. RESULTS: In the study set of samples a sensitivity (87.1%) and specificity (89...
February 23, 2024: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38407178/source-tracing-of-leishmania-donovani-in-emerging-foci-of-visceral-leishmaniasis-western-nepal
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pieter Monsieurs, Kristien Cloots, Surendra Uranw, Megha Raj Banjara, Prakash Ghimire, Sakib Burza, Epco Hasker, Jean-Claude Dujardin, Malgorzata Anna Domagalska
We sequenced Leishmania donovani genomes in blood samples collected in emerging foci of visceral leishmaniasis in western Nepal. We detected lineages very different from the preelimination main parasite population, including a new lineage and a rare one previously reported in eastern Nepal. Our findings underscore the need for genomic surveillance.
March 2024: Emerging Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38399799/visceral-leishmaniasis-in-immunocompetent-hosts-in-brescia-a-case-series-and-analysis-of-cytokine-cascade
#25
Alice Mulè, Verena Crosato, Douglas Byron Kuhns, Luisa Lorenzi, Claudia Chirico, Giovanni Maifredi, Luigi D Notarangelo, Francesco Castelli, Lina R Tomasoni
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Leishmania spp. that usually manifests itself in immunocompromised subjects. It is a rare and neglected disease, and it is not endemic in the province of Brescia (Italy). Three cases of human VL occurred in Brescia from October to December 2021 in immunocompetent patients. We evaluated the patients looking for signs of underlying immunodeficiencies and conducted further epidemiological evaluations in the province of Brescia without success. An analysis of the sera levels of the main cytokines involved in the immune response to VL was performed...
February 16, 2024: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38399674/extracellular-vesicles-from-leishmania-leishmania-infantum-contribute-in-stimulating-immune-response-and-immunosuppression-in-hosts-with-visceral-leishmaniasis
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francieli Marinho Carneiro, Allecineia Bispo da Cruz, Marta Marques Maia, Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki, Ingrid de Siqueira Pereira, Gislene Mitsue Namiyama, Ricardo Gava, Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto, Bruno Vicente, Victor Midlej, Rafael Meyer Mariante, Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic systemic disease. In Brazil this infection is caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum . Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by Leishmania species have different functions like the modulation of host immune systems and inflammatory responses, among others. This study evaluated the participation of EVs from L. (L.) infantum (Leish-EVs) in recognition of the humoral and cellular immune response of hosts with VL. Promastigotes were cultivated in 199 medium and, in the log phase of growth, they were centrifuged, washed, resus-pended in RPMI medium, and incubated for 2 to 24 h, at 25 °C or 37 °C to release Leish-EVs...
January 27, 2024: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393130/targeting-with-structural-analogs-of-natural-products-the-purine-salvage-pathway-in-leishmania-leishmania-infantum-by-computer-aided-drug-design-approaches
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haruna Luz Barazorda-Ccahuana, Eymi Gladys Cárcamo-Rodriguez, Angela Emperatriz Centeno-Lopez, Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino, Ricardo Andrez Machado-de-Ávila, Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti, Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho, Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) has a high death rate, with 500,000 new cases and 50,000 deaths occurring annually. Despite the development of novel strategies and technologies, there is no adequate treatment for the disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find structural analogs of natural products as potential novel drugs to treat VL. We selected structural analogs from natural products that have shown antileishmanial activities, and that may impede the purine salvage pathway using computer-aided drug-design (CADD) approaches...
February 3, 2024: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393129/infection-of-leishmania-donovani-in-phlebotomus-orientalis-sand-flies-at-different-microhabitats-of-a-kala-azar-endemic-village-in-eastern-sudan
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Altayeb Khogali, Dia-Eldin A Elnaiem, Ramón Díaz-Regañón, Tayseer Jibreel, Bakri Y M Nour, Samira Hamid Abdelrahman, Ricardo Molina, Maribel Jiménez
A study was carried out to compare the infection rates of Leishmania donovani in Phlebotomus orientalis sandflies at different microhabitats of a VL endemic village in Gedarif state, Sudan. DNA extracts of 1078 P. orientalis sand fly females sampled by CDC light traps from indoor, outdoor, peri-domestic, and sylvatic sites, in three transmission seasons, March-June 2016-18, in Helat-Belo village, were subjected to independent PCR amplifications targeting Leishmania kDNA and the cpb gene followed by ITS1 region sequencing...
February 2, 2024: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38392873/impact-of-4-deltamethrin-impregnated-dog-collars-on-the-incidence-of-human-visceral-leishmaniasis-a-community-intervention-trial-in-brazil
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guilherme Loureiro Werneck, Fabiano Borges Figueiredo, Maria do Socorro Pires E Cruz
BACKGROUND: In Brazil, human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum , primarily transmitted by the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis , with dogs acting as the main urban reservoir. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of 4% deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars (DMC) on HVL incidence. METHODS: This is a community intervention study carried out from 2012 to 2015 in the municipalities of Araguaína, State of Tocantins, and Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil...
February 1, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38392842/activity-of-the-di-substituted-urea-derived-compound-i-17-in-leishmania-in-vitro-infections
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José Vitorino Dos Santos, Jorge Mansur Medina, Karina Luiza Dias Teixeira, Daniel Marcos Julio Agostinho, Michael Chorev, Aurora Diotallevi, Luca Galluzzi, Bertal Huseyin Aktas, Ulisses Gazos Lopes
Protein synthesis has been a very rich target for developing drugs to control prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. Despite the development of new drug formulations, treating human cutaneous and visceral Leishmaniasis still needs significant improvements due to the considerable side effects and low adherence associated with the current treatment regimen. In this work, we show that the di-substituted urea-derived compounds I-17 and 3m are effective in inhibiting the promastigote growth of different Leishmania species and reducing the macrophage intracellular load of amastigotes of the Leishmania (L...
January 24, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38389494/lasap-vaccine-immunotherapy-and-immunochemotherapy-associated-with-allopurinol-in-dogs-naturally-infected-with-leishmania-infantum
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ricardo B Clasta, Açucena Veleh Rivas, Adrieli Barboza Souza, Angelo G V Dos Santos, Andrés Hernán Mojoli Le Quesne, Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves, Alex Sander R Cangussu, Rodolfo C Giunchetti, Kelvinson F Viana
Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic zoonosis that has a profound impact on public health in countries where it is endemic. Chemotherapeutic treatments cannot keep dogs stable for long periods, and the risk of generating parasitic resistance must be considered. Forty-four symptomatic and naturally infected dogs with Leishmania infantum were tested with two treatment protocols (i) immunotherapy with LaSap vaccine and (ii) immunochemotherapy with LaSap vaccine plus allopurinol. At 90 days after the end of the treatment, it was verified that, although both protocols had generated significant clinical improvements with a greater production of IFN-γ/IL-10, in relation to the parasite load, mainly in the skin, the dogs treated only with immunotherapy maintained the same profile...
February 2024: Parasite Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38381044/comparison-of-conjunctival-swabs-and-blood-samples-in-dogs-for-molecular-and-serological-detection-of-leishmania-infantum-infection-in-colombia
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mejía-Chimá Wilmer A, Hernández-Vera Samuel D, Pérez-Vargas Oscar Y, Rivero Rodriguez Matilde E, Paternina Luis E, Bejarano Eduar E
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Surveillance of canine leishmaniasis in Colombia is restricted to the appearance of visceral leishmaniasis cases in humans, and is mainly performed by serological tests. This requires blood sampling by veterinarians or technicians according to Colombian laws. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of conjunctival swabs in the molecular detection of Leishmania in dogs from the municipality of Ovejas, Sucre. METHODS: The present study was cross-sectional, descriptive...
February 21, 2024: Journal of Vector Borne Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38373365/new-synthetic-molecules-incorporated-into-polymeric-micelles-used-for-treatment-against-visceral-leishmaniasis
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Camila S Freitas, Isabela A G Pereira, Daniela P Lage, Danniele L Vale, Breno L Pimenta, Nícia P Soares, Samira S Santiago, Vívian T Martins, Raquel S B Câmara, Marcelo M Jesus, Grasiele S V Tavares, Fernanda F Ramos, Fernanda Ludolf, Lícia N D Magalhães, Fabrício M Oliveira, Mariana C Duarte, Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli, Adilson V Costa, Bruno M Roatt, Róbson R Teixeira, Eduardo A F Coelho
Treatment against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) presents problems, mainly related to drug toxicity, high cost and/or by emergence of resistant strains. In the present study, two vanillin synthetic derivatives, 3 s [4-(2-hydroxy-3-(4-octyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propoxy)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde] and 3 t [4-(3-(4-decyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde], were evaluated as therapeutic candidates in a murine model against Leishmania infantum infection. Molecules were used pure (3 s and 3 t) or incorporated into Poloxamer 407-based micelles (3 s/M and 3 t/M) in the infected animals, which also received amphotericin B (AmpB) or Ambisome® as control...
February 18, 2024: Cytokine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38360592/isoenzyme-characterization-of-leishmania-infantum-toward-checking-the-antioxidant-activity-of-superoxide-dismutase-and-glutathione-peroxidase
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mostafa Alishvandi, Somayeh Bahrami, Sajad Rashidi, Gholamreza Hatam
BACKGROUND: Leishmania infantum is the major causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in Mediterranean regions. Isoenzyme electrophoresis (IE), as a biochemical technique, is applied in the characterization of Leishmania species. The current study attempted to investigate the isoenzyme patterns of logarithmic and stationary promastigotes and axenic amastigotes (amastigote-like) of L. infantum using IE. The antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was also checked in the aforementioned forms...
February 15, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38359300/therapeutic-success-and-failure-in-using-miltefosine-to-treat-dogs-naturally-infected-with-leishmania-infantum
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gustavo Gonçalves, Monique Paiva de Campos, Alessandra Silva Gonçalves, Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
In urban environments, domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are a major reservoir for the parasite Leishmania infantum. Miltefosine has been used as the standard treatment for canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. However, therapeutic failures have been reported. In the present study, two dogs (CG03 and CG06) with a diagnosis of infection by L. infantum underwent two cycles of treatment with miltefosine (Milteforan™ - Virbac®). Analyses showed increases in the parasite load of both CG03 and CG06, even after treatment...
2024: Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38357442/upregulation-of-atp6v0d2-benefits-intracellular-survival-of-leishmania-donovani-in-erythrocytes-engulfing-macrophages
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Hong, Budhaditya Mukherjee, Chizu Sanjoba, Junya Yamagishi, Yasuyuki Goto
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe type of leishmaniasis which is caused by infection of Leishmania donovani complex. In the BALB/c mouse model of VL, multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) with heavy parasite infection consist of the largest population of hemophagocytes in the spleen of L. donovani -infected mice, indicating that MGCs provide the parasites a circumstance beneficial for their survival. Although ATP6V0D2 is a demonstrated factor inducing the formation of hemophagocytic MGCs during L. donovani infection, functions of this protein in shaping the infection outcome in macrophages remain unclear...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38353873/portable-smartphone-based-molecular-test-for-rapid-detection-of-leishmania-spp
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rea Maja Kobialka, Arianna Ceruti, Madhurima Roy, Sutopa Roy, Rajashree Chowdhury, Prakash Ghosh, Faria Hossain, Manfred Weidmann, Elena Graf, Jesus Bueno Alvarez, Javier Moreno, Uwe Truyen, Dinesh Mondal, Mitali Chatterjee, Ahmed Abd El Wahed
PURPOSE: Leishmaniasis, caused by the parasite of the genus Leishmania, is a neglected tropical disease which is endemic in more than 60 countries. In South-East Asia, Brazil, and East Africa, it mainly occurs as kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis, VL), and subsequently as post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in a smaller portion of cases. As stated per WHO roadmap, accessibility to accurate diagnostic methods is an essential step to achieve elimination. This study aimed to test the accuracy of a portable minoo device, a small battery-driven, multi-use fluorimeter operating with isothermal technology for molecular diagnosis of VL and PKDL...
February 14, 2024: Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38350521/in-vitro-growth-of-leishmania-parasites-from-biopsy-samples-of-suspected-cutaneous-and-visceral-leishmaniasis-cases-in-sri-lanka-an-observational-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bhagya Deepachandi, Sudath Weerasinghe, Himali Gunathileka, Preethi Soysa, Yamuna Siriwardana
Sri Lanka reports a large focus of Leishmania donovani caused cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Subsequent emergence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was also reported recently. Expansion of the on-going disease outbreak and many complexities indicate urgent need to enhance early case detection methods. In vitro cultivation (IVC) of parasites causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is important for disease confirmation and to obtain sufficient quantities of parasites required in many scientific studies. IVC is carried out as a useful second line investigation for direct microscopy negative patients with CL in this setting...
February 11, 2024: Experimental Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38341021/a-real-time-pcr-for-quantification-of-parasite-burden-and-its-correlations-with-clinical-characteristics-and-anti-rkrp42-igg-level-in-cutaneous-leishmaniasis-in-sri-lanka
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nirmitha Lalindi De Silva, Viraji Nefertiti Hiromel De Silva, Mirani Vasanthamala Weerasooriya, Hidekazu Takagi, Makoto Itoh, Hirotomo Kato, Thishan Channa Yahathugoda
In visceral and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, humoral immune response can reflect disease severity and parasite burden. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Sri Lanka is caused by a usually visceralizing parasite, Leishmania donovani. We assessed the parasite burden (relative quantity-RQ) in 190 CL patients using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR-with primers designed for this study) and smear microscopy, then correlated it with clinical parameters and IgG response. RQ of parasite DNA was determined with human-specific glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as the internal control...
February 8, 2024: Parasitology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38335163/within-host-bayesian-joint-modeling-of-longitudinal-and-time-to-event-data-of-leishmania-infection
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Felix M Pabon-Rodriguez, Grant D Brown, Breanna M Scorza, Christine A Petersen
The host immune system plays a significant role in managing and clearing pathogen material during an infection, but this complex process presents numerous challenges from a modeling perspective. There are many mathematical and statistical models for these kinds of processes that take into account a wide range of events that happen within the host. In this work, we present a Bayesian joint model of longitudinal and time-to-event data of Leishmania infection that considers the interplay between key drivers of the disease process: pathogen load, antibody level, and disease...
2024: PloS One
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