taste disorders and dialysis

There are reports in the literature of interrelationships between chronic kidney disease and periodontitis pathophysiology; similar risk factors play a role in these conditions. Due to chronic kidney disease (CKD), patients on hemodialysis (HD) are more susceptible to developing pathological processes in the gingiva, periodontium, and oral mucosa. This study aimed to evaluate the condition of the oral cavity, with particular attention to lesions of the oral mucosa of patients with end-stage renal disease in Poland, West Pomeranian Voivodship...

Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) accounts for >50% of deaths with known causes in patients on dialysis. Elevated serum phosphorus levels are an important nontraditional risk factor for bone mineral disease and CVD in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given that phosphorus concentrations drive other disorders associated with increased CV risk (e.g., endothelial dysfunction, vascular calcification, fibroblast growth factor-23, parathyroid hormone), phosphate is a logical target to improve CV health...

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Carglumic acid is a structural analogue of human N-acetylglutamate, which has become an alternative therapeutic option for hyperammonaemia in organic acidaemias such as isovaleric acidaemia, methylmalonic acidaemia and propionic acidaemia, and it has been suggested in other urea cycle disorders such as ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency. CASE DESCRIPTION: A male newborn was diagnosed with citrullinemia after serum amino acid analyses revealed markedly elevated citrulline concentration together with homozygous p...

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate oral health status and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Iranian patients undergoing hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study 145 (95 dentate and 50 edentulous) patients undergoing hemodialysis participated. Demographic information, laboratory findings and dental health status was recorded by a standard form. Oral hygiene status was obtained by simplifed oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and oral health was evaluated by decay missing flling teeth (DMFT) index, plaque index (PLI) and periodontal disease index...

Patients with renal failure often experience decreased serum zinc that remains uncorrected after dialysis. A complication of this depletion is taste impairment, which can detrimentally influence diet and nutrition. However, because more than half of all serum zinc is bound to albumin, we hypothesized that normalizing serum zinc to albumin levels may be associated with taste impairment. A total of 65 patients undergoing dialysis but not receiving supplementary zinc and 120 control patients not undergoing dialysis (60 malnourished patients and 60 healthy controls) were tested for their receptiveness to saltiness using various salt concentrations...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to assess the association between self-reported appetite and gastrointestinal symptoms in chronic hemodialysis patients. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was carried out. SETTING: The study was carried out at an outpatient hemodialysis service center. PATIENTS: A total of 110 patients were included in this study. INTERVENTION: The first question of the Hemodialysis Study Appetite questionnaire was used to assess the appetite of the HD patients...

Gustatory sweating is a rare disorder characterized by profuse sweating on the forehead, face, scalp, and neck occurring soon after ingesting food, which has been reported in diabetic patients. The mechanism is thought to be triggered by taste buds and not gastric stimulation. We report a case where gustatory sweating repeatedly developed on peritoneal dialysis that resolved on periods of hemodialysis. A 32-year-old woman with diabetic end-stage renal disease developed gustatory sweating shortly after beginning continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis despite excellent clearances...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the oral health status of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients on renal replacement therapy with a matched reference population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: Forty-two dentate CRF patients--aged 25-52 years old--were matched with a reference group of 808 dentate subjects. METHODS: The oral health was assessed using decayed missing filled (DMF) indices, simplified oral hygiene index and periodontal status...

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate oral manifestations in patients with renal diseases and to correlate blood and salivary urea levels in patients undergoing haemodialysis and kidney transplant. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study group subjects were selected from patients undergoing hemodialysis and patients who had underwent kidney transplant. Adequate history was recorded. All the groups were examined extra orally and intra orally and findings were recorded. SAMPLE COLLECTION: Venous blood was collected from the antecubital fossa in control group...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the dental condition and oral manifestations in diabetic and nondiabetic uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 128 patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy were classified into the diabetic and nondiabetic groups and examined for uremic oral manifestations, dental caries, and the periodontal status. All the patients received predialytic salivary pH examination. In the diabetic group, the correlation between oral findings and glycemic controlled levels, which was collected based on Hb A1C values, were further studied...

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AIMS: It has been reported that taste acuity for the four primary tastes, sour, sweet, salty and bitter, is impaired in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, there have been no studies reported on taste acuity of diabetic HD patients. The present study aimed to quantify and compare the taste acuity of diabetic and non-diabetic HD patients, and further to determine if there were correlations between diminished taste acuity and certain blood serum parameters typically askew in hemodialysis patients...

INTRODUCTION: Disturbances of the sense of smell have been documented in many general pathologies. The actual etiology of such impairments is often difficult to determine. The aim of the authors is to review the literature on olfactory disorders in general diseases. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS: Acute and chronic liver disorders are frequently associated with hyposmia, which can be improved by vitamin A intake. Renal insufficiency could induce hyposmia according to the severity of the renal disease...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate oral manifestations and salivary changes in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. STUDY DESIGN: Eighty-two patients undergoing hemodialysis for renal insufficiency were examined; 22 of these patients were randomly selected for salivary tests. Unstimulated whole saliva and stimulated parotid saliva were collected, and flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity were examined. Twenty-two healthy volunteers were included as controls...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Zinc deficiency, abnormal taste acuity and decreased caloric intake begin early in children and adolescents with chronic progressive renal disease. This may contribute to their poor growth. We studied the effect of zinc supplementation, using a double blind crossover design, on 14 pediatric patients in chronic renal failure, but not yet on dialysis or in need of a transplant. Zinc supplementation increased red blood cell zinc concentrations and taste acuity. In those with less advanced renal failure (serum creatinine less than 5...

Ten male patients requiring maintenance hemodialysis were given zinc in the dialysate (400 micrograms/liter) or placebo in a double-blind crossover experiment. Sexual activity, depression ratings, and hematocrit were unchanged while subjective appreciation of food taste and smell was significantly less during zinc than placebo condition. No patients who were sexually inactive while receiving placebo became sexually active while receiving zinc.

Subnormal plasma zinc levels and decreased zinc concentration in hair and leucocytes as well as increased plasma ammonia and ribonuclease activity in dialyzed and nondialyzed uremic patients indicate that zinc metabolism is abnormal in uremia and is not corrected by dialysis. The effect of oral supplementation with zinc acetate (12 patients) or placebo (12 patients) on the above biochemical parameters in hemodialysis patients was determined as a part of a double-blind study. The zinc-supplemented, but not the placebo, group demonstrated significant increases in mean (+/- SD), plasma zinc (80 +/- 9 to 110 +/- 14, micrograms/dl), leucocyte zinc (56 +/- 13 to 1098 +/- 18, micrograms/10(10) cells), hair zinc (140 +/- 12 to 190 +/- 16 micrograms/g), and decreases in plasma ammonia (76 +/- 10 to 40 +/- 6 micrograms/dl) and plasma ribonuclease activity (1...

Diminished taste acuity may account for the persistence of protein and caloric malnutrition observed in a majority of hemodialysis patients inspite of liberalization of the prescribed amount of dietary protein. Twenty-two patients undergoing thrice weekly hemodialysis for more than 6 months were tested for taste acuity and plasma zinc concentration, after which a double-blind study was instituted using a zinc supplement (50 mg of elemental zinc as zinc acetate per day) or a placebo. The threshold of taste detection and recognition for salt (NaCl), sweet (sucrose), and bitter (urea) but not for sour (HCl) improved significantly in all patients on zinc supplementation...