alveolar macrophage proteomics

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an acute infectious disease agent in swine, causes enormous economic losses to the global swine industry. PRRSV nonstructural protein 1β (nsp1β) plays a critical role in viral subgenomic mRNA synthesis and host immune regulation. However, the global changes of cellular gene expression in natural target cells regulated by the nsp1β have not yet been identified. Here, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to quantitatively identify cellular proteins in porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) 3D4/21 cells transduced with recombinant lentivirus expressing PRRSV nsp1β that are differentially expressed compared with PAM 3D4/21 cells transduced with recombinant lentivirus expressing GFP...

Invasive infections by the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus start with the outgrowth of asexual, airborne spores (conidia) into the lung tissue of immunocompromised patients. The resident alveolar macrophages phagocytose conidia, which end up in phagolysosomes. However, A. fumigatus conidia resist phagocytic degradation to a certain degree. This is mainly attributable to the pigment 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin located in the cell wall of conidia, which manipulates the phagolysosomal maturation and prevents their intracellular killing...

BACKGROUND: Human innate host defense molecules, surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1), and SP-A2 differentially affect the function and proteome of the alveolar macrophage (AM). We hypothesized that SP-A genes differentially regulate the AM miRNome. METHODS: Humanized transgenic mice expressing SP-A1 and SP-A2 were subjected to O3 -induced oxidative stress (OxS) or filtered air (FA), AMs were isolated, and miRNA levels were measured. RESULTS: In SP-A2 males, we found significant changes in miRNome in terms of sex and sex-OxS effects, with 11 miRNAs differentially expressed under OxS...

Significant differences exist between the highly pathogenic (HP) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and its attenuated pathogenic (AP) strain in the ability to infect host cells. The mechanisms by which different virulent strains invade host cells remain relatively unknown. In this study, pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are infected with HP-PRRSV (HuN4) and AP-PRRSV (HuN4-F112) for 24 h, then harvested and subjected to label-free quantitative MS. A total of 2849 proteins are identified, including 95 that are differentially expressed...

The ubiquitous mold Aspergillus fumigatus threatens immunosuppressed patients as inducer of lethal invasive aspergillosis. A. fumigatus conidia are airborne and reach the alveoli, where they encounter alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). Previous studies reported the importance of the surfactant-producing AEC II during A. fumigatus infection via in vitro experiments using cell lines. We established a negative isolation protocol yielding untouched primary murine AEC II with a purity >90%, allowing ex vivo analyses of the cells, which encountered the mold in vivo By label-free proteome analysis of AEC II isolated from mice 24h after A...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, which is characterized by reproductive failure and respiratory disorders. The secretome of PRRSV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), which are the primary target cells of PRRSV, was analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics to gain a profile of proteins secreted during PRRSV infection. A total of 95 secreted proteins with differentially expressed levels between PRRSV- and mock-infected PAMs was screened...

We previously demonstrated that protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) is critical for immunity against Listeria monocytogenes, Leishmania major, and Candida albicans infection in mice. However, the functional relevance of PKCδ during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is unknown. PKCδ was significantly upregulated in whole blood of patients with active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Lung proteomics further revealed that PKCδ was highly abundant in the necrotic and cavitory regions of TB granulomas in multidrug-resistant human participants...

Haemophilus parasuis, a symbiotic bacteria of upper respiratory tract of swine, is the etiological agent of Glässer's disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis. Emodin, exhibits antibacterial activity against H. parasuis, yet the action mode has not been fully understood. In present study, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) method was applied to analyze the global protein alteration of H. parasuis in response to 16μg/mL Emodin. In total, 338 proteins exhibiting significant differential expressions were identified...

BACKGROUND This study investigated the protective effects of pharmaceutical CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (CD26/DPP-4) inhibitor in lung transplantation (LTx). Changes in protein expression associated with the treatment were screened and identified to evaluate the role of kininogen-1 in early-term ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury after LTx. MATERIAL AND METHODS Orthotopic single LTx was performed in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, with a pharmaceutical CD26/DPP-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin, subcutaneous injection, 10 mg/kg, every 12 h) administered to the investigational group...

Annually, excessive alcohol use accounts for more than $220 billion in economic costs and 80,000 deaths, making excessive alcohol use the third leading lifestyle-related cause of death in the US. Patients with an alcohol-use disorder (AUD) also have an increased susceptibility to respiratory pathogens and lung injury, including a 2-4-fold increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review investigates some of the potential mechanisms by which alcohol causes lung injury and impairs lung immunity...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a prevalent and lethal infectious disease. The glycobiology associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of frontline alveolar macrophages is still unresolved. Herein, we investigated the regulation of protein N-glycosylation in human macrophages and their secreted microparticles (MPs) used for intercellular communication upon M. tb infection. LC-MS/MS-based proteomics and glycomics were performed to monitor the regulation of glycosylation enzymes and receptors and the N-glycome in in vitro-differentiated macrophages and in isolated MPs upon M...

A frequent complication of acute pancreatitis is the lung damage associated with the systemic inflammatory response. Although various pro-inflammatory mediators generated at both local and systemic levels have been identified, the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease are still poorly understood. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as a new intercellular communication system able to transfer encapsulated proteins and small RNAs and protect them from degradation. Using an experimental model of taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats, we aimed to evaluate the role of exosomes in the extent of the systemic inflammatory response...

BACKGROUND: Alveolar macrophages are implicated in the pathogenesis of lung sarcoidosis. Their interaction with T-cells leads to an inflammatory response that may either resolve within 2 years, or become chronic with an increased risk to develop lung fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To perform quantitative profiling of the membrane-associated proteome of alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis patients and healthy individuals to identify specific proteins and pathways involved in sarcoidosis pathology...

BACKGROUND: Surfactant protein A (SP-A) contributes to lung immunity by regulating inflammation and responses to microorganisms invading the lung. The huge genetic variability of SP-A in humans implies that this protein is highly important in tightly regulating the lung immune response. Proteomic studies have demonstrated that there are differential responses of the macrophages to SP-A1 and SP-A2 and that there are sex differences implicated in these responses. METHODS: Purified SP-A variants were used for administration to alveolar macrophages from SP-A knockout (KO) mice for in vitro studies, and alveolar macrophages from humanized SP-A transgenic mice were isolated for ex vivo studies...

Macrophages can be niches for bacterial pathogens or antibacterial effector cells depending on the pathogen and signals from the immune system. Here we show that type I and II IFNs are master regulators of gene expression during Legionella pneumophila infection, and activators of an alveolar macrophage-intrinsic immune response that restricts bacterial growth during pneumonia. Quantitative mass spectrometry revealed that both IFNs substantially modify Legionella-containing vacuoles, and comparative analyses reveal distinct subsets of transcriptionally and spatially IFN-regulated proteins...

Little is known about proteomic differences between pluripotent human peripheral blood monocytes (MN) and their terminally-differentiated pulmonary counterparts, alveolar macrophages (AM). To better characterize these cell populations, we performed a label-free shotgun proteomics assessment of matched AM and MN preparations from eight healthy volunteers. With an FDR of less than 0.45%, we identified 1754 proteins within AM and 1445 from MN. Comparison of the two proteomes revealed that 1239 of the proteins found in AM were shared with MN, whereas 206 proteins were uniquely identified in MN and 515 were unique to AM...

CD163 is a macrophage scavenger receptor with anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory functions. Here, we report that alveolar macrophages (AMΦs) from asthmatic subjects had reduced cell-surface expression of CD163, which suggested that CD163 might modulate the pathogenesis of asthma. Consistent with this, house dust mite (HDM)-challenged Cd163(-/-) mice displayed increases in airway eosinophils and mucous cell metaplasia (MCM). The increased airway eosinophils and MCM in HDM-challenged Cd163(-/-) mice were mediated by augmented CCL24 production and could be reversed by administration of a neutralizing anti-CCL24 antibody...

UNLABELLED: Comprehensive physiological food assessment requires recording of activity profiles. To elucidate the nutritive regulation of antioxidant enzymes, a generally applicable targeted MS method was established for the expression analysis of catalase and then adapted to heme oxygenase-1. Before tryptic digestion, target proteins were prefractionated by off-gel IEF of stimulated and control cell lysate. Targeted proteome analysis was achieved by LC coupled with scheduled selected reaction monitoring MS using 2 proteotypic peptides per protein and 3-4 transitions per peptide...

Legionella spp. are amoebae-resistant environmental bacteria that replicate in free-living protozoa in a distinct compartment, the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Upon transmission of Legionella pneumophila to the lung, the pathogens employ an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to grow in LCVs within alveolar macrophages, thus triggering a severe pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. LCV formation is a complex and robust process, which requires the bacterial Icm/Dot type IV secretion system and involves the amazing number of 300 different translocated effector proteins...

Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprotrophic filamentous fungus and also the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen of humans. Depending on the host's immune status, the variety of diseases caused by A. fumigatus ranges from allergies in immunocompetent hosts to life-threatening invasive infections in patients with impaired immunity. In contrast to the majority of other Aspergillus species, which are in most cases nonpathogenic, A. fumigatus features an armory of virulence determinants to establish an infection...