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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa M Arnold, Yoji Hoshina, Hyejung Lee, Howard Colman, Joe Mendez
PURPOSE: Diffuse gliomas are managed with radiation and temozolomide; however, this therapy often results in hematologic toxicities. Patients undergoing chemoradiation also risk contracting Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), and frequently receive prophylaxis against PJP during treatment. Independent of chemoradiation, some PJP prophylaxis drugs have the potential to cause myelosuppression, which could require cessation of chemotherapy. Here, we evaluate differences in the frequency of hematologic toxicities during chemoradiation when patients receive PJP prophylaxis...
February 16, 2024: Journal of Neuro-oncology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yeshi Chen, Minna Yang, Mingming Zhang, Hongmao Wang, Yang Zheng, Rui Sun, Xiaohui Li
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery lesions (CALs) are the most common and major complication of Kawasaki disease (KD) in developed countries. However, the underlying immunologic mechanisms of CAL development in KD remain unclear. METHODS: Here, we conducted single-cell transcriptome analyses of 212 210 peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from a cross-sectional cohort of 16 children, including 4 patients with KD with CALs, 5 patients with KD without CALs, 4 healthy controls, and 3 febrile controls...
February 15, 2024: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kerry Newbrook, Nakibul Khan, Aimee Fisher, Karen Chong, Simon Gubbins, William C Davies, Christopher Sanders, Marc Guimerà Busquets, Lyndsay Cooke, Amanda Corla, Martin Ashby, John Flannery, Carrie Batten, Jessica E Stokes, Beatriz Sanz-Bernardo, Simon Carpenter, Katy Moffat, Karin E Darpel
INTRODUCTION: Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne Orbivirus that is almost solely transmitted by Culicoides biting midges and causes a globally important haemorrhagic disease, bluetongue (BT), in susceptible ruminants. Infection with BTV is characterised by immunosuppression and substantial lymphopenia at peak viraemia in the host. METHODS: In this study, the role of cell-mediated immunity and specific T-cell subsets in BTV pathogenesis, clinical outcome, viral dynamics, immune protection, and onwards transmission to a susceptible Culicoides vector is defined in unprecedented detail for the first time, using an in vivo arboviral infection model system that closely mirrors natural infection and transmission of BTV...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nergis Ulas, Yunusemre Ozkanlar, Seckin Ozkanlar, Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan, Hakan Aydin
BACKGROUND: Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a fatal disease worldwide. The treatment of CPE is based mainly on supportive and symptomatic treatment. Antiviral addition to the treatment may result in a higher survival. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effects of antiviral treatments with a standardized treatment (ST) on the clinical and inflammatory response of dogs with naturally occurring CPE. METHODS: Twenty-eight dogs with CPE caused by canine parvovirus type 2 were divided randomly into treatment groups...
January 2024: Journal of Veterinary Science
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katerina Roznik, Temesgen E Andargie, T Scott Johnston, Oren Gordon, Yi Wang, Nadine Peart Akindele, Deborah Persaud, Annukka A R Antar, Yukari C Manabe, Weiqiang Zhou, Hongkai Ji, Sean Agbor-Enoh, Andrew H Karaba, Elizabeth A Thompson, Andrea L Cox
BACKGROUND: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a hyperinflammatory condition caused by recent SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the underlying immunological mechanisms driving this distinct syndrome are unknown. METHODS: We utilized high dimensional flow cytometry, cell-free (cf) DNA, and cytokine and chemokine profiling to identify mechanisms of critical illness distinguishing MIS-C from severe acute COVID-19 (SAC). RESULTS: Compared to SAC, MIS-C patients demonstrated profound innate immune cell death and features of emergency myelopoiesis (EM), an understudied phenomenon observed in severe inflammation...
January 31, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jaishree Sharma, Srinivasu Mudalagiriyappa, Hazem F M Abdelaal, Thomas C Kelly, Woosuk Choi, Nagendraprabhu Ponnuraj, Miranda D Vieson, Adel M Talaat, Som Gowda Nanjappa
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging opportunistic pathogens causing pulmonary infection to fatal disseminated disease. NTM infections are steadily increasing in children and adults, and immune-compromised individuals are at a greater risk of fatal infections. The NTM disease's adverse pathology and the drug resistance to antibiotics have further worsened the therapeutic measures. Innate immune regulators are potential targets for therapeutics to NTM, especially in T cell suppressed population and many ubiquitin ligases modulate pathogenesis and innate immunity during infections, including mycobacterial infections...
January 25, 2024: Journal of Leukocyte Biology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary Jane Lim-Fat, J Bryan Iorgulescu, Rifaquat Rahman, Varun Bhave, Alona Muzikansky, Eleanor Woodward, Sydney Whorral, Marie Allen, Mehdi Touat, Xiaomei Li, Gongwen Xu, Jay Patel, Elizabeth R Gerstner, Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer, Gilbert Youssef, Ugonma Chukwueke, J Ricardo McFaline-Figueroa, Lakshmi Nayak, Eudocia Q Lee, David A Reardon, Rameen Beroukhim, Raymond Y Huang, Wenya Linda Bi, Keith L Ligon, Patrick Y Wen
BACKGROUND: Adverse clinical events cause significant morbidity in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). We examined whether genomic alterations were associated with adverse events (AEs) in GBM patients. METHODS: We identified adults with histologically confirmed IDH-wildtype GBM with targeted next-generation sequencing (OncoPanel) at Dana Farber Cancer Institute from 2013-2019. Seizure at presentation, lymphopenia, thromboembolic events, pseudoprogression, and early progression (within 6 months of diagnosis) were identified as AEs...
January 22, 2024: Clinical Cancer Research
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rahmah S Alzahrani, Mohsen Alzahrani, Wadi Shuraim, Omar Aldibasi, Khaled Albarrak, Abdulrahman Habib, Mazen Ahmed, Husam Alsadi, Bader Alahmari, Abdulrahman Alsaedy, Mohammad Bosaeed
BACKGROUND: Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) commonly cause morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. This study aimed at the prevalence of RVIs in adult HSCT recipients and their outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted on all adult patients who underwent HSCT in the period between January 2016 and December 2020. Data were retrospectively abstracted from electronic medical records from a total of 400 patients...
January 18, 2024: Transplantation Proceedings
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REVIEW
Tirajeh Saadatzadeh, Michael Angarone, Valentina Stosor
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review highlights the epidemiology of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients, advancements in the diagnostic landscape, and updates in treatment and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS: The increasing use of immune-depleting agents in the context of solid organ transplantation has given rise to P. jirovecii pneumonia in this population. The use of prophylaxis has dramatically reduced risk of infection; however, late-onset infections occur after cessation of prophylaxis and in the setting of lymphopenia, advancing patient age, acute allograft rejection, and cytomegalovirus infection...
April 1, 2024: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaobo Huang, Jonas Kantonen, Kirsten Nowlan, Ngoc Anh Nguyen, Suvi T Jokiranta, Suvi Kuivanen, Nelli Heikkilä, Shamita Mahzabin, Anu Kantele, Olli Vapalahti, Liisa Myllykangas, Santtu Heinonen, Mikko I Mäyränpää, Tomas Strandin, Eliisa Kekäläinen
Prolonged T cell lymphopenia is common in COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. While the mechanisms of lymphopenia during COVID-19 remain elusive, it is especially pronounced in a specialized innate-like T cell population called Mucosal Associated Invariant T cells (MAITs). MAITs has been suggested to express Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is the well-known cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2. However, it is still unclear if SARS-CoV-2 can infect or affect MAIT cells directly. In this study, we performed multicolor flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from COVID-19 patients to assess the frequencies of CD8+ Vα7...
January 9, 2024: Virus Research
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kate Davies, James E McLaren
Sepsis is a heterogeneous condition defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. For some, sepsis presents as a predominantly suppressive disorder, whilst others experience a pro-inflammatory condition which can culminate in a 'cytokine storm'. Frequently, patients experience signs of concurrent hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression, underpinning the difficulty in directing effective treatment. Although intensive care unit mortality rates have improved in recent years, one-third of discharged patients die within the following year...
January 10, 2024: Clinical Science (1979-)
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Das, G Ariyakumar, N Gupta, S Kamdar, A Barugahare, D Deveson-Lucas, S Gee, K Costeloe, M S Davey, P Fleming, D L Gibbons
Bacterial infections are a major cause of mortality in preterm babies, yet our understanding of early-life disease-associated immune dysregulation remains limited. Here, we combine multi-parameter flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing and plasma analysis to longitudinally profile blood from very preterm babies (<32 weeks gestation) across episodes of invasive bacterial infection (sepsis). We identify a dynamically changing blood immune signature of sepsis, including lymphopenia, reduced dendritic cell frequencies and myeloid cell HLA-DR expression, which characterizes sepsis even when the common clinical marker of inflammation, C-reactive protein, is not elevated...
January 9, 2024: Nature Communications
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agnes Donkó, Svetlana O Sharapova, Juraj Kabat, Sundar Ganesan, Fabian Hauck, Louis Marois, Jordan Abbott, Despina Moshous, Kelli W Williams, Nicholas Campbell, Paul L Martin, Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou, Timothy David Trojan, Natalia Kuzmenko, Ekaterina Deordieva, Elena Raykina, Michael S Abers, Hassan Abolhassani, Vincent Barlogis, Carlos Carlos Milla Milla, Geoffrey Hall, Talal Mousallem, Joseph A Church, Neena Kapoor, Guilhem Cros, Hugo Chapdelaine, Clara Franco-Jarava, Ingrid Lopez-Lerma, Maurizio Miano, Jennifer W Leiding, Christoph Klein, Marie José Stasia, Alain Fischer, Kuang-Chih Hsiao, Timi Martelius, Mikko R J Seppänen, Sara Barmettler, Jolan E Walter, Tania Nicole Masmas, Anna Mukhina, Emilia Liana Falcone, Sven Kracker, Anna Shcherbina, Steven M Holland, Thomas L Leto, Amy P Hsu
Mutations in the small Rho-family GTPase, RAC2, critical for actin cytoskeleton remodeling and intracellular signal transduction, are associated with neonatal severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), infantile neutrophilic disorder resembling leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), and later-onset combined immune deficiency (CID). We investigated 54 RAC2 patients (23 previously reported) from 37 families. Data were collected from referring physicians and literature reports with updated clinical information. Patients were grouped by presentation: neonatal SCID (n=5), infantile LAD-like disease (n=5), or CID (n=44)...
January 9, 2024: Blood
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eetu Pello, Leena Kainulainen, Mikko Vakkilainen, Paula Klemetti, Mervi Taskinen, Outi Mäkitie, Svetlana Vakkilainen
BACKGROUND: Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a syndromic inborn error of immunity caused by variants in the RMRP gene. Disease manifestations vary, and their ability to predict outcome is uncertain. The optimal management of infants with CHH who do not fulfill classical severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) criteria is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We described longitudinal changes in lymphocyte counts during childhood and explored correlations of early childhood clinical and laboratory features with clinical outcomes on long-term follow-up of CHH patients...
February 2024: J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammet Cihat Özata, Ümmügülsüm Dikici, Öner Özdemir
BACKGROUND: The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, known as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a global health concern. Since its emergence, numerous studies have focused on various clinical manifestations and outcomes in different populations. However, studies are ongoing as the consequences and impact of COVID-19 in children with chronic diseases such as asthma are controversial. AIM: To fill this research gap by retrospectively evaluating the course, laboratory, and clinical findings of COVID-19 among 414 asthmatic children followed up from the pediatric allergy outpatient clinic and known to have had COVID-19...
December 25, 2023: World Journal of Virology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vinit Suri, Ajay Kumar Sinha, Mayank Priyaranjan, Vipin Patel
Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease caused by the John Cunningham (JC) virus, which may get reactivated under certain immunosuppressive states such as AIDS, immunomodulatory therapy and haematological malignancies. PML has been reported rarely even in immunocompetent individuals where no immunodeficiency was present. PML characteristically involves periventricular and juxtacortical white matter. Isolated cerebellar or brainstem PML may be seen rarely. We present a case of a man in his 70s who presented with rapidly progressive cerebellar ataxia, ptosis and bipyramidal signs...
January 5, 2024: BMJ Case Reports
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pinar Palanci, Bilge Kaan Tekelioglu
The study aims to approach Canine Parvovirus (CPV) diagnosis using multi-method biotechnological techniques including molecular, serological, and hematological analyses. CPVs are causing severe global viral diseases with high dog mortality. Samples were taken from 52 unvaccinated dogs exhibiting symptoms between 2020 and 2021. These included stool, blood, serum, and patient data. CPV genomic DNA was extracted from fresh stools, with DNA concentration and purity measured using Nano drop-spectrophotometry. CPV genomic DNA was detected via RT-PCR in 29 samples (55...
December 10, 2023: Cellular and Molecular Biology
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eléonore Bettacchioli, Alain Saraux, Alice Tison, Divi Cornec, Maryvonne Dueymes, Nathan Foulquier, Sophie Hillion, Anne-Marie Roguedas-Contios, Anas-Alexis Benyoussef, Marta E Alarcon-Riquelme, Jacques-Olivier Pers, Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec
OBJECTIVE: The biologic diagnosis of primary Sjögren disease (SjD) mainly relies on anti-Ro60/SSA antibodies, whereas the significance of anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies currently remains unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical, serological, biologic, transcriptomic, and interferon profiles of patients with SjD according to their anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibody status. METHODS: Patients with SjD from the European PRECISESADS (n = 376) and the Brittany Diagnostic Suspicion of primitive Sjögren's Syndrome (DIApSS); (n = 146) cohorts were divided into four groups: double negative (Ro52- /Ro60- ), isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 positive (Ro52+ ), isolated anti-Ro60/SSA positive (Ro60+ ), and double-positive (Ro52+ /Ro60+ ) patients...
December 21, 2023: Arthritis & Rheumatology
#39
REVIEW
Andrea Gazzin, Francesca Pala, Marita Bosticardo, Julie Niemela, Jennifer Stoddard, Eleonora Biasin, Paola Quarello, Diana Carli, Francesca Ferroni, Ottavia M Delmonte, Davide Montin, Sergio D Rosenzweig, Francesco Licciardi, Luigi D Notarangelo
INTRODUCTION: Mulibrey nanism (MUL) is a rare disorder caused by TRIM37 gene variants characterized by growth failure, dysmorphic features, congestive heart failure (CHF), and an increased risk of Wilms' tumor. Although immune system impairment has been documented in MUL, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS: We present a case of MUL with progressive lymphopenia and review similar cases from the literature. RESULTS: Our patient presented with prenatal onset growth restriction, characteristic dysmorphic features, and Wilms' tumor...
2023: Frontiers in Immunology
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abhinava K Mishra, Melanie Rodriguez, Alba Yurani Torres, Morgan Smith, Anthony Rodriguez, Annalise Bond, Meghan A Morrissey, Denise J Montell
The 21kD GTPase Rac is an evolutionarily ancient regulator of cell shape and behavior. Rac2 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells where it is essential for survival and motility. The hyperactivating mutation Rac2E62K also causes human immunodeficiency, although the mechanism remains unexplained. Here, we report that in Drosophila, hyperactivating Rac stimulates ovarian cells to cannibalize neighboring cells, destroying the tissue. We then show that hyperactive Rac2E62K stimulates human HL60-derived macrophage-like cells to engulf and kill living T cell leukemia cells...
December 26, 2023: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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