"Small penis"

Female cosmetic genital surgery is becoming increasingly sought after by women who are concerned with the appearance of their vulva. Labiaplasty for the labia minora is undoubtedly the most commonly performed female cosmetic genital surgery. However, an increasing number of patients seen in our clinics in both Brazil and the United States are presenting with clitoral hypertrophy, specifically clitoral elongation. The elongated clitoris will usually protrude beyond the labia minora and majora and from the patient's perspective will give a less feminine appearance as they will often describe the protruding clitoris as feeling like they have a small penis...

BACKGROUND: The nucleoside transport capabilities of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-3 (hENT3) are disrupted by mutations in SLC29A3 (10q22.2), which are genes for the nucleoside transporter and are the cause of the unusual autosomal recessive disease known as H syndrome. As a result, histiocytic cells invade a number of organs. CASE PRESENTATION: A 17-year-old Syrian male was admitted to the internal medicine department with a one-month history of polyuria, polydipsia, general weakness, and pallor...

INTRODUCTION: Variants in genes that play a role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis in adrenocortical cells may be associated with glucocorticoid deficiency and it is unclear whether these cases may be associated with a wider phenotype. However, to date, only one case of a genetic variant in TXNRD2, the gene encoding thioredoxin reductase Type 2, in a South Asian kindred with familial glucocorticoid deficiency has been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: The index case was diagnosed with selective glucocorticoid deficiency at 10 years of age...

BACKGROUND: Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) is a sex chromosomal syndrome usually with an extra X chromosome (47, XXY) in males, which has various phenotype (mosaicism 47, XXY/46, XY, or more chromosomes 48, XXXY, 49, XXXXY) and clinical features, including eunuchoid body proportions, abnormally long legs and arm span, gynecomastia, ynecomastia, absent or decreased facial and pubic hair, small hyalinized testes, small penis, below-normal verbal intelligence quotient, and learning difficulties...

BACKGROUND: Penile size is considered a symbol of manhood and is a subjective problem for men, especially those with small penis syndrome. Penile augmentation was introduced to correct penile size problems from a medical, psychological, or esthetic point of view. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and polylactic acid (PLA) are two types of augmentation agents that are popularly used today. However, no systematic studies and meta-analyses have compared these two modalities as penile augmentation agents...

Road traffic accidents and related deaths are on the rise, especially in developing countries. Even though uncommon and probably under-recognized, predisposing psychiatric states may be contributory, posing the question of whether these could be avoided. Psychological autopsy, despite not being performed routinely, might play a pivotal role in such instances, in reconstructing events leading to the catastrophe and determining the role played by the parties involved. The legal implications, such as the exoneration of the wrongly accused, might be substantial...

Primary buried (BP) penis is describes as a small penis caused by a penile ligaments anomaly; it is unclear if a primary BP could reach a normal length. We selected 49 patients treated at our institution between 2015 and 2020 in order to post-operatively evaluate the SPL after one year. SPL was evaluated according to the PH Tanner staging system for pre-pubertal patients according to age-normalized values. A micropenis was detected if the SPL was below 2.5 SD. A normal SPL was found in thirty-two patients, eighteen were in PH Stage 1, four were in PH Stage 2, six were in PH Stage 3, and four were in PH Stage 5...

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BACKGROUND: In recent years aesthetic injection techniques with soft tissue fillers have become popular worldwide due to their effectiveness, safety, and low cost. There is no standard approach to the management and follow-up of patients seeking penile enlargement procedures described in the literature, and the surgical penile enlargement methods are controversial. OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to assess the effect of injection penile girth enlargement on sexual relationship satisfaction, confidence, and self-esteem, and to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of this procedure for the management of men with small penis syndrome (SPS)...

Micropenis, i.e., a structurally normal but abnormally small penis is defined as stretched penile length (SPL) 2.5 SD below the mean for age and sexual stage. Several studies worldwide have published country-specific normative data on SPL; an appropriate cutoff for evaluation of micropenis as per international standards would be below 2 cm at birth and below 4 cm after 5 y of age. Testosterone production by fetal testes, its conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and its action on the androgen receptor is necessary for normal penile development...

Klinefelter syndrome (KS), caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome, is the most prevalent chromosomal sexual anomaly, with an estimated incidence of 1:500/1000 per male live birth (karyotype 47,XXY). High stature, tiny testicles, small penis, gynecomastia, feminine body proportions and hair, visceral obesity, and testicular failure are all symptoms of KS. Endocrine (osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes), musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, autoimmune disorders, cancer, neurocognitive disabilities, and infertility are also outcomes of KS...

BACKGROUND: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disorder due to a defect in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum is underdevelopment or thinness of the corpus callosum. SMA and callosal hypoplasia are relatively rare, and there is limited information sharing the diagnosis and treatment for SMA patients with callosal hypoplasia. CASE DESCRIPTION: A boy with callosal hypoplasia, small penis, and small testes had been perceived with motor regression at 5 months...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of a child with Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS). METHODS: Peripheral blood samples of the child and his parents were collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was used for family constellation verification, and bioinformatic analysis was performed for the candidate variant. RESULTS: The child, a 1-year-and-9-month-old boy, had clinical manifestations of retarded growth, small penis, and unusual facies...

BACKGROUND: True hermaphroditism is a rare condition. It is defined as the presence of both testicular and ovarian tissues in the same individual. Sex cord tumour with annular tubules (SCTAT) is a rare stromal tumour of the sex cord that occurs mostly in the ovaries. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old girl presented to the gynaecology department with primary amenorrhea. Gynaecological examination revealed an enlarged clitoris that looked like a small penis. The chromosome karyotype was chimaera...

OBJECTIVE: To raise awareness of Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase Deficiency (PORD, a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), through a case of pregnant woman with virilization symptoms. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 30-year-old Chinese woman was referred to hospital after 7 years of presenting signs of virilization, including voice deepening, acromegaly, hirsutism, clitoromegaly, and acne. These symptoms appeared since her third gestation. Her second birth died 9 hours after birth and had signs of clitoris hypertrophy...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Some men experience small penis syndrome (SPS), a body dysmorphic disorder in which a patient believes their penis to be small even when it is clinically average. As cosmetic surgery becomes more widely accepted, management of SPS may present a challenge for urologists. We aim to provide an updated review of aesthetic penile augmentation procedures. RECENT FINDINGS: Augmentation procedures range from invasive to noninvasive. Surgical solutions include grafts and flaps, suspensory ligament release, and suprapubic lipectomy...

46,XX male sex reversal syndrome is a rare genetic cause of male infertility. We report on two new cases of this syndrome in men presenting with hypogonadism and infertility. Cytogenetic and molecular analysis was performed in both patients. An extensive review of the literature for 46,XX male sex reversal syndrome cases related to infertility was also performed to fully characterise this syndrome. Genetic analyses showed translocation of the SRY on Xp chromosome and complete absence of all Azoospermia factor (AZF) genetic regions...

Introduction: Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder caused by insufficient gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) production. Case presentation: An Indonesian adolescent, 22 years old, Javanese ethnic, complained of a small penis, low sexual desire, fatigue, and anosmia since childhood. Medical history stated that the patient had low testosterone levels 7 years ago and received testosterone once. Testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were decreased...

Metoidioplasty is a variant of the gender affirmation technique neophalloplasty, where a hormonally enlarged clitoris is reconstructed to become a small penis. The goals of metoidioplasty are male appearance of the genitalia, voiding in standing position, and completely preserved erogenous sensation of the neophallus. However, it does not enable penetrative sexual intercourse due to the small dimensions of the neophallus. Basic principles of metoidioplasty were established 50 years ago, and many refinements of the technique have been reported since...

BACKGROUND: Augmentative phalloplasty is a controversial issue. A safe, stable, and efficient surgical method for penile girth enlargement (PGE) was not avaliable. This paper introduces a novel autologous scrotal flap-turning procedure "scrotal dartos flap method" for males with small penis syndrome (SPS) and addresses its efficacy and safety. METHODS: A single-centered, prospective study was conducted at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, where 29 patients were treated with "scrotal dartos flap method"...