inflammation and tumor

BACKGROUND: Beta-defensins (BDs) are antimicrobial peptides secreted upon epithelial injury. Both chemotactic and antimicrobial properties of BDs function as initial steps in host defense and prime the adaptive immune system in the body. Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease, has both visible cutaneous manifestations as well as known associations with higher incidence of cardiometabolic complications and vascular inflammation. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the circulating expression of beta-defensin-2 (BD2) in psoriasis at baseline compared to control subjects, along with changes in BD2 levels following biologic treatment at one-year...

OBJECTIVE: Anticancer drugs have revolutionized tumor therapy, with cutaneous toxicities such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) being common immune-related adverse events. The debate over the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids in treating these conditions persists, while tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors show promise. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy involving the TNF-α inhibitor adalimumab for SJS/TEN induced by anticancer drugs...

Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX1) is a transcription factor closely involved in hematopoiesis. RUNX 1 gene mutation plays an essential pathogenic role in the initiation and development of hematological tumors, especially in acute myeloid leukemia. Recent studies have shown that RUNX1 is also involved in the regulation of bone development and the pathological progression of bone-related diseases. RUNX1 promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes and osteoblasts and modulates the maturation and extracellular matrix formation of chondrocytes...

Lipid droplets are dynamic multifunctional organelles composed of a neutral lipid core and a phospholipid monolayer membrane modified by a specific set of proteins. PAT family proteins are the most characteristic lipid droplet proteins, playing an important role in regulating lipid droplet structure, function, and metabolism. The biogenesis of lipid droplets involves neutral lipid synthesis and the nucleation, budding, and growth of the lipid droplets. Lipid droplets not only serve as the energy metabolism reserve of cells but also participate in intracellular signal transduction and the development of inflammation and tumor...

OBJECTIVES: The protective effects and related mechanisms of Jing-Si herbal tea (JSHT) were investigated in cellular damage mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, on normal human lung fibroblast by multiomic platform analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in silico high-throughput target was analyzed using pharmacophore models by BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2022 with ingenuity pathway analysis software...

A precision diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTD) such as bladder outlet obstruction, detrusor overactivity (DO), interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), dysfunctional voiding (DV), or detrusor underactivity (DU) needs invasive videourodynamic study. Exploring non-invasive tools to help screening LUTD is necessary for clinicians in their daily practice. This article reviews recently clinical studies of using urinary inflammatory proteins and oxidative stress biomarkers in the identification of specific LUTD among men and women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)...

Introduction: Colorectal carcinomas (CRC) are one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Based on gene expression profile analysis, CRCs can be classified into four distinct subtypes also known as the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), which predict biological behaviour. Besides CMS, several other aspects of tumor microenvironment (TME) and systemic inflammatory response (SIR) influence the outcome of CRC patients. TME and inflammation have important role in the immune (CMS1) and mesenchymal (CMS4) subtypes, however, the relationship between these and systemic inflammation has not been assessed yet...

BACKGROUND: Prolactinomas (PRLs) are prevalent pituitary adenomas associated with metabolic changes and increased cardiovascular morbidity. This study examined clinical, endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles in PRL patients, aiming to identify potential prognostic markers. METHODS: The study comprised data from 59 PRL patients gathered in a registry at the University Hospital of Zurich. Diagnostic criteria included MRI findings and elevated serum prolactin levels...

BACKGROUND: Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (Dox) are highly effective anti-tumor agents, but their use is limited by dose-dependent cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Our laboratory previously reported that induction of cytochrome P450 family 1 (Cyp1) enzymes contributes to acute Dox cardiotoxicity in zebrafish and in mice, and that potent Cyp1 inhibitors prevent cardiotoxicity. However, the role of Cyp1 enzymes in chronic Dox cardiomyopathy, as well as the mechanisms underlying cardioprotection associated with Cyp1 inhibition, have not been fully elucidated...

Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays a significant role in controlling several signaling pathways involved with regulating inflammation and apoptosis. As such, it represents an important potential target for developing treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Takinib, a small molecule and selective TAK1 inhibitor, has potent anti-inflammatory activity and has shown promising activity in preclinical studies using rat models to evaluate the potential neuroprotective impact on TBI...

The complementation Q group (FANCQ) subtype of Fanconi anemia (FA) caused by the ERCC4/XPF mutation is very rare. Two siblings, aged 13 and 10 with Fanconi phenotypic features, presented with right hemiparesis and focal-onset seizures. In both cases, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed mass-like lesions accompanied by peripheral edema and calcification. In one case, oral steroid treatment and surgical excision were performed, while in the other case, the cranial lesion regressed just with steroid treatment and without surgery...

BACKGROUND: Patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) often suffer from comorbid diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hyperlipidemia and, therefore, are susceptible to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Moreover, systemic inflammation plays a vital role in the development of atherosclerosis. The creation of atherosclerotic plaque is characterized by endothelial dysfunction driven by elevated concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-18 among others, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to the negative regulation of the immune system, as they avoid excessive inflammation and mediate tumor development. The abundance of Tregs in tumor tissues suggests that Tregs may be eliminated or functionally inhibited to stimulate antitumor immunity. However, immunotherapy targeting Tregs has been severely hampered by autoimmune diseases due to the systemic elimination of Tregs. Recently, emerging studies have shown that metabolic regulation can specifically target tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and lipid accumulation in TME is associated with immunosuppression...

Pseudomycetomas are rare fungal subcutaneous infections caused by dermatophytes, which are mainly observed in immunocompromised patients. Mycobacterium genavense is considered an opportunistic pathogen in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), clinically resembling the presentation of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Here, we describe the case of a 26-year-old PLWHA with a 3-month history of a 4cm tumoral, duroelastic and painful lesion located on the back. Histopathology of the tumoral lesion revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with grains composed of PAS-positive and Grocott-positive septate hyphae, as well as acid-fast bacilli (AFB)...

Cisplatin (Cis) is a platinum-based antineoplastic drug used in various types of cancers. This drug can induce nephrotoxicity as a cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Empagliflozin (Empa) is a newly developed inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) approved as an antidiabetic medication for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to its blood glucose-lowering effect, Empa has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties...

BACKGROUND: Buffaloes have the highest potential for production due to a promising gene pool that is being enhanced and upgraded. Mastitis is a significant health impediment that greatly diminishes milk yield and quality, affecting rural farmers' livelihoods. The traditional gold standard used for diagnosing mastitis or subclinical mastitis is CMT, but it has the drawback of false positive or negative results. Subclinical mastitis, if not treated promptly, can lead to mammary tumors. To address the gap in early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in CMT-negative milk of buffaloes, we performed a retrospective analysis and evaluated the milk miRNA expression profiles as potential biomarkers...

Tenascin-C (TNC) is a matricellular and multimodular glycoprotein highly expressed under pathological conditions, especially in cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. Since a long time TNC is considered as a promising target for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in anti-cancer treatments and was already extensively targeted in clinical trials on cancer patients. This review provides an overview of the current most advanced strategies used for TNC detection and anti-TNC theranostic approaches including some advanced clinical strategies...

BACKGROUND: This work evaluated the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on cardiovascular events (CVEs) and inflammatory factors in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clinical data from these patients were analysis, intending to provide relevant theoretical evidence for clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 166 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and developed UGIB while on DAPT at The First People' Hospital of Linping District from April 2021 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with chronic inflammation. Its pathogenesis involves immunological, genetic, and environmental factors. We investigate the association between Tumor Necrosis Factor α Protein 3 (TNFAIP3), Interleukin 10 (IL10), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF α), and Interleukin 17 F (IL17F) polymorphisms with susceptibility to RA. METHODS AND RESULTS: 191 patients with RA diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/ European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification and 190 healthy subjects were recruited...

OBJECTIVES: Intimal hyperplasia is a serious clinical problem associated with the failure of therapeutic methods in multiple atherosclerosis-related coronary heart diseases, which are initiated and aggravated by the polarization of infiltrating macrophages. The present study aimed to determine the effect and underlying mechanism by which tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5) regulates macrophage polarization during intimal hyperplasia. METHODS: TRAF5 expression was detected in mouse carotid arteries subjected to wire injury...