B12 nutrition

Arthrospira (Limnospira) maxima (A. maxima) and Chlorella vulgaris (Ch. vulgaris) are among the approved microalgae and cyanobacteria (MaC) in the food industry that are known to be safe for consumption. However, both organisms are controversial regarding their vitamin B12 content, due to the possible occurrence of pseudo-cobalamin. Concurrently, their nutrition profiles remain understudied. The main purpose of the present study was to identify their nutrition profiles, focusing mainly on vitamin B12 , amino acids, and micronutrients under iron-induced hormesis (10 mg/L Fe in treated samples)...

Uncertainty remains about the composition of contemporary plant-based diets and whether they provide recommended nutrient intakes. We established Feeding the Future (FEED), an up-to-date online cohort of UK adults following different plant-based diets and diets containing meat and fish. We recruited 6342 participants aged 18-99 [omnivores (1562), flexitarians (1349), pescatarians (568), vegetarians (1292), and vegans (1571)] between February 2022 and December 2023, and measured diet using a food frequency questionnaire and free text...

Modulating the gut microbiota is recognised as one strategy for preventing and fighting diseases. While the significant impact of diet on the gut microbiota's composition and function has been extensively researched, there is a notable lack of studies on the interactions between diet, microbiota, and helminth infections. Here, we used a combination of self-reported food intake and a 16S rDNA sequencing approach to analyse the composition of the gut microbiota in women of reproductive age from the two main islands of the Zanzibar archipelago, where helminth infections are endemic...

BACKGROUND: Inorganic arsenic is metabolized to monomethyl- (MMAs) and dimethyl- (DMAs) species via one-carbon metabolism (OCM); this facilitates urinary arsenic elimination. OCM is influenced by folate and vitamin B12 and previous randomized control trials (RCTs) showed that folic acid (FA) supplementation increases arsenic methylation in adults. This RCT investigated the effects of FA + B12 supplementation on arsenic methylation in children, a key developmental stage where OCM supports growth...

BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies are widespread in India. Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are acquired by interaction with soil and water contaminated by human feces and lead to blood loss and poor micronutrient absorption. The current recommendation for control of STH-related morbidity is targeted deworming, yet little is known about the effectiveness of deworming on micronutrient status in varying sanitation contexts. Ranging between 1% and 40% prevalence across Indian states, open defecation (OD) remains high despite India's investments at elimination by promoting community-wide sanitation...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Food allergy has several negative nutritional consequences and may persist beyond the first year of lives. This study aimed to assess the role of a complete oral amino acid-based supplement in the diet of children on cow's milk protein elimination diet because of food allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included two groups of children aged 1-5 years paired by age and socioeconomic status: (1) study group, on cow's milk protein elimination diet plus an oral amino acid-based supplement, and (2) control group, on cow's milk protein elimination diet...

INTRODUCTION: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in West Africa, particularly among women of reproductive age (WRA) and young children. Bouillon is a promising food fortification vehicle due to its widespread consumption. This study aims to evaluate the impact of multiple micronutrient-fortified bouillon cubes, compared to control bouillon cubes (fortified with iodine only), on micronutrient status and hemoglobin concentrations among lactating and non-lactating WRA and young children in northern Ghana...

BACKGROUND: Elevated serum methylmalonic acid (MMA), a marker of cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency, has been linked to cancer progression. However, the impact of MMA or cobalamin on mortality risk in cancer survivors remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between MMA, serum, dietary, and supplement of cobalamin, MMA metabolism-related genes, and poor prognosis in adult cancer survivors. METHODS: We analyzed data from 1988 cancer survivors aged ≥20 y...

The principal mechanisms surrounding gastrointestinal (GI) side effects due to chemotherapy are unclear, whereas the information regarding symptom management of patients with esophageal cancer post-esophagectomy is lacking. Esophagectomy patients are left with significant anatomical changes to the GI tract, including the cutting of the vagus nerve, which regulates gastric secretions, gastric acid pH, and motility. A 76-year-old male patient self-referred himself to the clinical dietitian for nutritional management of chronic nausea, fatigue, weight loss, and dumping syndrome 9 months post-esophagectomy, which was not responsive to medications...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Infantile tremor syndrome (ITS) affects children aged 6-18 months, and is characterized by tremors, pallor, developmental regression, skin pigmentation changes, and sparse hypopigmented hair. This case report highlights an ITS presentation in a 16-month-old exclusively breastfed male, emphasizing the significance of complementary feeding. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient presented with abnormal body movements, loss of developmental milestones, hyperpigmented skin changes, hypopigmented scalp hairs, pallor, and microcephaly...

Termites are widely distributed globally and serve as a valuable food source in many countries. However, information on the myriad nutritional benefits of processed termite products in African markets remain largely unexploited. This study evaluated the phytochemicals, fatty acids, amino acids, minerals, vitamins and proximate composition of the edible winged termites (Macrotermes spp.) from three major Counties of Kenya. A total of 9 flavonoids, 5 alkaloids, and 1 cytokinin were identified. The oil content varied from 33 to 46%, exhibiting significant levels of beneficial omega 3 fatty acids, such as methyl (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoate and methyl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate, ranging from 82...

PURPOSE: This updated umbrella review aimed to evaluate the evidence regarding the associations between dietary factors and the risks of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant studies. The quality of the included meta-analyses was evaluated using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2). For each association, the number of cases, random effects pooled effect size, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), heterogeneity, 95% prediction interval (PrI), small-study effect, and excess significance bias were recalculated to determine the evidence level...

Since propionate exerts several physiological effects, maintenance of its normal colonic fermentation is essential. To investigate whether vitamin B12 (VB12 ) is essential for normal propionate fermentation by colonic bacteria, via the succinate pathway, we examined if high-amylose cornstarch (HACS) feeding activated such a pathway, if high HACS feeding impaired propionate fermentation, and if oral VB12 supplementation normalized propionate fermentation. Male rats were given control, 20% HACS or 3% fucose diets (Expt...

As the aging process accelerates, the age structure of blood donors turns to older and even aged groups. Methylmalonic acid (MMA), a byproduct of propionate metabolism, may be upregulated in the serum of older adults. As a mediator of chronic disease and tumor progression, the MMA content in blood products has become the focus of research. Absolute concentrations of MMA in blood products were determined based on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, so as to analyze how they were affected by donors' age, sex, and frequency of blood donation...

We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal intake of folate, vitamin B12, B6, B2, methionine, choline, phosphatidylcholine and betaine during the period surrounding pregnancy and offspring weight outcomes from birth to early adulthood. These associations were examined among 2454 mother-child pairs from the Nurses' Health Study II and Growing Up Today Study. Maternal energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were derived from food frequency questionnaires. Birth weight, body size at age 5 and repeated BMI measurements were considered...

There is an increasing interest in plant-based diets and higher levels of plant proteins due to rising concerns around health and environmental sustainability issues. We determined the effects of increasing quartiles of plant protein in the diet on nutrient adequacy using a large nationally representative observational dataset. Twenty-four-hour dietary-recall data from NHANES 2013-2018 from 19,493 participants aged 9+ years were used to assess nutrient intakes. Nutritional adequacy was assessed by estimating the percentage of the population with intakes below the EAR or above the AI...

Foods are analysed for their vitamin content to support the verification of regulatory compliance or to generate food composition data. Many international reference methods for the analysis of vitamins in foods originate from the 1990s. Advances in nutrition science and analytical technology and the continuing evolution of statutory regulations necessitate the need of new or supplementary regulatory standards. We have evaluated recent developments in these areas and conclude that most current international reference methods are no longer fit-for-purpose to accurately determine vitamin content in foods and food supplements...

To investigate the effects of nutrient restriction and one-carbon metabolite (OCM) supplementation (folate, vitamin B12 , methionine, and choline) on fetal small intestine weight, vascularity, and cell proliferation, 29 ( n = 7 ± 1 per treatment) crossbred Angus beef heifers (436 ± 42 kg) were estrous synchronized and conceived by artificial insemination with female sexed semen from a single sire. Then, they were allotted randomly to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the main factors of nutritional plane [control (CON) vs...

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective treatment for severe obesity and it has beneficial effects on glycemic control and metabolism outcomes. However, the effects of BS on nutritional outcomes are controversial. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the changes in several nutritional outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: A comprehensive search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WanFang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure...

INTRODUCTION: Information on fortified foods is needed for multiple purposes, including food consumption research and dietary advice. Branded food databases are a valuable source of food label data. European labeling legislation prescribes that food fortification should be indicated in the ingredient list, and nutrient values should be declared under certain conditions. This creates the potential to identify fortified foods in branded food databases, though it is not straightforward and labor-intensive...