muscle protein degradation

To enhance market demand and fish utilization, cutting processing is essential for fish. Bighead carp were cut into four primary cuts: head, dorsal, belly, and tail, collectively accounting for 77.03% of the fish's total weight. These cuts were refrigerated at 4 °C for 10 days, during which the muscle from each cut was analyzed. Pseudomonas.fragi proliferated most rapidly and was most abundant in eye muscle (EM), while Aeromonas.sobria showed similar growth patterns in tail muscle (TM). Notably, EM exhibited the highest rate of fat oxidation...

Cold-adapted proteases are capable of efficient protein hydrolysis at reduced temperatures, which offer significant potential applications in the area of low temperature food processing. In this paper, we attempted to characterize cold-adapted proteases from Antarctic krill. Antarctic krill possesses an extremely active autolytic enzyme system in their bodies, and the production of peptides and free amino acids accompanies the rapid breakdown of muscle proteins following the death. The crucial role of trypsin in this process is recognized...

The sequence-specific RNA-binding protein Pumilio controls Drosophila development; however, the network of mRNAs that it regulates remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we utilize knockdown and knockout approaches coupled with RNA-Seq to measure the impact of Pumilio on the transcriptome of Drosophila cells in culture. We also use an improved RNA co-immunoprecipitation method to identify Pumilio-bound mRNAs in Drosophila embryos. Integration of these datasets with the locations of Pumilio binding motifs across the transcriptome reveal novel direct Pumilio target genes involved in neural, muscle, wing, and germ cell development, and cellular proliferation...

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been recognized as a major contaminant in food and animal feed and which is a common mycotoxin with high toxicity. Previous research has found that AFB1 inhibited zebrafish muscle development. However, the potential mechanism of AFB1 on fish muscle development is unknown, so it is necessary to conduct further investigation. In the present research, the primary myoblast of grass carp was used as a model, we treated myoblasts with AFB1 for 24 h...

Numerous bodily processes deteriorate with age, chief among them being the loss of muscle mass and function. The condition referred to as aging myasthenia gravis impairs older persons' quality of life and is linked to a higher risk of several chronic illnesses. An increasing number of studies conducted in the last several years has demonstrated that moderate exercise can halt this process. Specifically, by promoting autophagy, aerobic exercise helps to postpone the onset of senile myasthenia gravis. In this work, we will explore how aerobic exercise modulates autophagy to prevent muscle aging and examine the most recent findings in this area of study...

The common disorders irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can modify the drugs' pharmacokinetics via their induced pathophysiological changes. This work aimed to investigate the impact of these two diseases on pravastatin oral bioavailability. Rat models for IBS and IBD were used to experimentally test the effects of IBS and IBD on pravastatin pharmacokinetics. Then, the observations made in rats were extrapolated to humans using a mechanistic whole-body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (wbPBPK) model...

Skeletal muscle, comprising a significant proportion (40 to 50 percent) of total body weight in humans, plays a critical role in maintaining normal physiological conditions. Muscle atrophy occurs when the rate of protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis. Sarcopenia refers to age-related muscle atrophy, while cachexia represents a more complex form of muscle wasting associated with various diseases such as cancer, heart failure, and AIDS. Recent research has highlighted the involvement of signaling pathways, including IGF1-Akt-mTOR, MuRF1-MAFbx, and FOXO, in regulating the delicate balance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may play a crucial regulatory role in the process of muscle atrophy induced by high-altitude hypoxia and its amelioration through resistance training. However, research in this aspect is still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to employ miRNA microarray analysis to investigate the expression profile of miRNAs in skeletal muscle from an animal model of hypoxia-induced muscle atrophy and resistance training aimed at mitigating muscle atrophy. The study utilized a simulated hypoxic environment (oxygen concentration at 11...

Satellite cells (SCs) are adult muscle stem cells responsible for muscle regeneration after acute and chronic muscle injuries. The balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation determines the kinetics and efficiency of skeletal muscle regeneration. This study assessed the function of Islr in SC asymmetric division. The deletion of Islr reduced muscle regeneration in adult mice by decreasing the SC pool. Islr is pivotal for SC proliferation, and its deletion promoted the asymmetric division of SCs...

White striping (WS) is an emerging myopathy that results in significant economic losses as high as $1 billion (combined with losses derived from other breast myopathies including woody breast and spaghetti meat) to the global poultry industry. White striping is detected as the occurrence of white lines on raw poultry meat. The exact etiologies for WS are still unclear. Proteomic analyses of co-expressed WS and woody breast phenotypes previously demonstrated dysfunctions in carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis, and calcium buffering capabilities in muscle cells...

The development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is associated with disorganized Golgi apparatus and accelerated phagophore formation. While Golgi membranes may contribute to phagophores, association between Golgi alterations and macroautophagy/autophagy remains unclear. GOLGA4/p230 (golgin A4), a dimeric Golgi matrix protein, participates in phagophore formation, but the underlying mechanism is elusive. Our prior research identified ethanol (EtOH)-induced Golgi scattering, disrupting intra-Golgi trafficking and depleting RAB3D GTPase from the trans -Golgi...

This study aimed to investigate the potential of beef peptides (BPs) in mitigating muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone (DEX) with underlying three mechanisms in vitro (protein degradation, protein synthesis, and the oxidative stress pathway). Finally, the anti-atrophic effect of BPs was enhanced through purification and isolation. BPs were generated using beef loin hydrolyzed with alcalase/ProteAX/trypsin, each at a concentration of 0.67%, followed by ultrafiltration through a 3 kDa cut-off. BPs (10-100 μg mL-1 ) dose-dependently counteracted the DEX-induced reductions in myotube diameters, differentiation, fusion, and maturation indices ( p < 0...

Intimal hyperplasia is a complicated pathophysiological phenomenon attributable to in-stent restenosis, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 (ILF3), a double-stranded RNA-binding protein involved in regulating mRNA stability, has been recently demonstrated to assume a crucial role in cardiovascular disease; nevertheless, its impact on intimal hyperplasia remains unknown. In current study, we used samples of human restenotic arteries and rodent models of intimal hyperplasia, we found that vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) ILF3 expression was markedly elevated in human restenotic arteries and murine ligated carotid arteries...

Diabetes alters the function of ion channels responsible for regulating arterial smooth muscle membrane potential, resulting in vasoconstriction. Our prior research demonstrated an elevation of TMEM16A in diabetic arteries. Here, we explored the mechanisms involved in Transmembrane protein 16A ( TMEM16A) gene expression. Our data indicate that a Snail-mediated repressor complex regulates arterial TMEM16A gene transcription. Snail expression was reduced in diabetic arteries while TMEM16A expression was upregulated...

Long noncoding (lnc)RNAs modulate gene expression programs in a range of developmental processes in different organs. In skeletal muscle, lncRNAs have been implicated in myogenesis, the process whereby muscle precursor cells form muscle fibers during embryonic development and regenerate muscle fibers in the adult. Here, we discuss OIP5-AS1, a lncRNA that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and is capable of coordinating protein expression programs during myogenesis. Given that several myogenic functions of OIP5-AS1 involve interactions with MEF2C mRNA and with the microRNA miR-7, it was critical to carefully evaluate the precise levels of OIP5-AS1 during myogenesis...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify candidate genes that play im-portant roles in skeletal muscle development in ducks. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the transcriptional sequencing of embryonic pectoral muscles from two specialized line LCA and LCC ducks which were devel-oped from Liancheng White ducks (female) and Cherry Valley ducks (male) F6 hybrid population. In addition, prediction of target genes for the differentially expressed mRNAs was conducted and the enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto En-cyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways were further analyzed...

This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17, a probiotic strain isolated from human breast milk, on dexamethasone-induced muscle loss in mice and cultured myotubes. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone, and orally administered L. gasseri BNR17 for 21 days. L. gasseri BNR17 treatment ameliorated dexamethasone-induced decline in muscle function, as evidenced by an increase in forelimb grip strength, treadmill running time, and rotarod retention time in both female and male mice...

Muscular dystrophy in the NH-413 chicken is caused by a missense mutation in the WWP1 gene. WWP1 is a HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase containing four tandem WW domains that interact with proline-rich peptide motifs of target proteins, and a short region connecting the second and third WW domains is crucial for the E3 ligase to maintain an autoinhibitory state. A mutation of the arginine in the WW2-WW3 linker to glutamine is thought to affect WWP1 function, but there is little information on this mutation to date...

Cancer cachexia is the result of complex interorgan interactions initiated by cancer cells and changes in patient behavior such as decreased physical activity and energy intake. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish between the direct and indirect effects of cancer cells on muscle mass regulation and bioenergetics to identify novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the direct effects of Colon-26 cancer cells on the molecular regulating machinery of muscle mass and its bioenergetics using a coculture system with C2C12 myotubes...

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular degenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the androgen receptor (AR). This mutation causes AR to misfold and aggregate, contributing to toxicity in and degeneration of motor neurons and skeletal muscle. There is currently no effective treatment or cure for this disease. The role of an interdomain interaction between the amino- and carboxyl-termini of AR, termed the N/C interaction, has been previously identified as a component of androgen receptor-induced toxicity in cell and mouse models of SBMA...