Thyreoid

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic problems of thyroid cytology are frequently discussed, but relevance and causes of discrepant cytological and histological diagnoses are rarely studied in detail. OBJECTIVES: Investigation of causes and relevance of discrepant diagnoses. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The analysis includes 297 patients who had thyroid resection after prior fine needle aspiration (FNA) and is based on the cytological and histological reports. In special cases, cytological and histological specimens were re-examined...

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BACKGROUND: Malignant melanoma is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population. Etiology is usually unknown. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific, clinical behavior and biology features may differ from those in an adult population. The most important prognostic factor is spread of disease. Surgical resection is treatment of choice for localized melanoma. Advanced and metastatic melanoma is still an incurable disease. CASE: We are presenting an eight-year- old boy with metastatic malignant melanoma of unknown origin based on TP53 mutation (Li Fraumeni syndrome)...

Hormonal therapy in transsexual patients (TS) includes sexagens administration: androgens in female-to-male transsexual patients (FtM) and oestrogens and antiandrogens in male-to-female transsexual patients (MtF). Duration of hormonal therapy should continue at least 1 year before gender reassignment surgery. Hormonal therapy supresses former gender and induces partially new gender changes. Hormonal therapy continues subsequently after surgery during life. Hormonal therapy in MtF TS includes oestrogens and antiandrogens application...

We describe the case of a 58-year-old woman with giant cell interstitial pneumonia without any history of exposure to hard metals. Giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP) is a rare interstitial lung disease characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells in the alveolar spaces. Currently GIP is regarded as secondary interstitial pneumonia. While it has become almost synonymous with hard metal lung disease (cobalt pneumonitis), the literature has also included sporadic cases of GIP without exposure to hard metals...

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of fertile age and lately there is a discussion about its possible association with autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to examine incidence of autoimmune thyreoiditis (AIT) in PCOS women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 64 PCOS patients were enrolled and 68 healthy menstruating women served as controls. All subjects were examined for thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxin (fT4) and the presence as well as titers of antithyroid antibodies aTG (anti-thyreoglobulin) and aTPO (anti-thyreoperoxidase)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of a Chinese pedigree with cardiac conductive disease complicated by atrial fibrillation and the therapeutic effect of the treatments. METHODS: All the family members including the proband were screened with routine examination, electrocardiography, echocardiograpy, Holter recording, chest X-ray, blood biochemistry tests and autoantibody test. The proband received dual chamber pacemaker implantation combined with oral amiodarone treatment for 3 months...

Thyroid gland disorders, as the core of all endocrinopathies, affect 5-7% of the population of the Czech Republic, with women being affected 6-8 times more often than men. Clinically, thyreopathies are divided into hormonal production disorders and morphology disorders. Thyroid hormones fT3, fT4 and TSH serum levels determine the diagnosis of a thyroid gland disorder. Primary hypothyreosis is characterized by reduced fT4 and increased TSH. Low T3 syndrome is a protective reaction of the organism and is associated with conversion of T4 into hormonally inactive triiodothyronine (rT3)...

Hyperthyreosis, diabetes and calcium disorders are frequent endocrine diseases that are often encountered by the primary care physician. The diagnosis of hyperthyreosis can be established by many different laboratory and analytical tests. However, the clinical context can often guide a specific diagnostic approach. Graves disease and toxic adenomas are the most frequent causes of hyperthyreosis. Diagnosis of Graves disease is most frequent between age 35 and 60 and about 10-20% of patients show already initially signs of endocrine orbithopathy...

Both diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are common diseases. According to epidemiologic studies the prevalence of specific thyroid disorders in diabetic subjects is two times higher. Risk factors are age, female gender and autoimmune diabetes mellitus. However, thyroid disorders are diagnosed only half of the cases in diabetic population. The review briefly summarizes the association of autoimmune diabetes mellitus and thyreoiditis, the risk of thyroid disorders in type 1 diabetic pregnant women. Furthermore, the influence of obesity in the risk on thyroid cancer and the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue on thyroid medullary C-cells are discussed...

Calcitonin, a peptide hormone expressed in C-cells of the thyreoid gland, as well as capsaicin, isolated from chili, both, modify intracellular signalling in nociceptive neurones. The pathways triggered by the activation of either of these receptors results in a modulation of the intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) concentration. While the regulation of [Ca(2+)](i) depends on many factors, voltage activated calcium channels (VACCs) are a major gate for the calcium entry into neurones. Here we describe the changes of voltage gated calcium channel currents (I(Ca(V))) induced by calcitonin and/or capsaicin...

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HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 49-year-old man presented with a four-week history of fatigue and physical weakness. He was of slender build (BMI 19,5 kg/m (2)) and pale. He also had vitiligo. Diabetes mellitus type 1 and Hashimoto thyreoiditis had been previously diagnosed. INVESTIGATIONS: Laboratory tests revealed iron deficiency anemia with depleted iron reserves (hemoglobin 5,9 g/dl; normal range 14,0 - 18,0). Vitamin B (12) and folic acid were also low. A probable cause was thought to be malabsorption...

Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most accurate and cost effective method in the evaluation of the thyroid nodule and has been commonly used in adults. Thyroid nodules are uncommon in younger patients (1-2%). Our aim was to determine some relevant clinical and cytological parameters in this demographic group. Ultrasound-guided thyroid FNACs performed from May 1995 to June 2008 in patients under 18 years of age were retrospectively reviewed. The following clinical parameters were retrieved: age and gender, number of nodules, and nodule size...

BACKGROUND: Interferon-alpha has been successfully used for induction of remission in patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome, but data on its ability to prevent relapses and its safety during long-term use are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To examine the safety and efficacy of interferon-alpha for mainten-ance of remission in Churg-Strauss syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective open-label long-term observational study, 13 patients with CSS in stable remission received interferon-alpha (3 x 3 Mio...

AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the postoperative results after surgery for lung metastases from extrapulmonary origin. METHODS: A total of 45 patients were operated on for lung metastases between Jan 1996 and Dec 2006. They were 22 (48.9%) male and 23 (51.1%) female with a mean age of 51.6 years. Unilateral operation was carried out in 34 (75.6%) of the patients and another 11 (24.4%) patients were operated on for bilateral metastases. In 8 of them a one-stage operation was performed via median sternotomy (6) and bilateral successive thoracotomies (2)...

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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and therapeutic effects of IFN-alpha in patients with severe persistent uncontrolled asthma on long-term oral glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 16 patients (2 male, 14 female; age 39 years [range: 24 - 63]) with severe persistent asthma. Diagnosis and severity classification of asthma were established according to the guidelines of the "Deutsche Atemwegsliga"...

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INTRODUCTION: Hashimoto encephalopathy is a rare disease that is associated with Hashimoto thyreoiditis. Dementia, disturbances of consciousness and epileptic seizures are the most common features. CASE REPORT: We report a case of Hashimoto encephalopathy in a 74-year-old woman who presented with psychotic episodes, visual hallucinations, dementia, tremor, rigidity and fluctuation of consciousness. After treatment with steroids, cognitive function became normal and other symptoms improved significantly...