keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482493/super-resolution-imaging-of-urethral-vasculature-in-healthy-pre-and-post-menopausal-females
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xia Wang, Chen Hua, Tao Ying, Fuyou Liang, Lujie Song, Guoping Song, Rui Zhang, Yuanyi Zheng
Previous studies have postulated that the urethral vasculature (UV) might play an important role in urinary continence for women. The goal of this research was to compare the UV in pre- and post-menopausal women using a super-resolution ultrasound imaging method called Super Ultrasound for Greater Accuracy and Resolution (SUGAR). We found that post-menopausal women exhibited decreased UV parameters such as fractal dimension, vessel proportion, and mean blood vessel diameter than pre-menopausal women. We also discriminated the vascular pattern in several layers of the urethra and its surrounding in vivo , including the urethral mucosa and submucosa, urethral muscle, and anterior vaginal wall...
March 15, 2024: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481860/treatment-of-male-stress-urinary-incontinence-at-time-of-inflatable-penile-prosthesis-placement-a-review-of-contemporary-literature
#22
REVIEW
Amr A Elbakry, Luke P O'Connor, Faysal A Yafi, John T Barnard
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are well established diagnoses within Men's Health, often more specifically within the prostate cancer survivorship cohort. Taken individually, well defined treatment algorithms exist with which many surgeons are comfortable; however, treatment of both in a single setting or staged fashion introduces complexity. Emerging treatment options also exist, and there is immature or minimal data when these are combined with inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) insertion, radiation history, and/or variable degrees of incontinence...
February 29, 2024: Translational Andrology and Urology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481847/effects-of-short-term-exercise-and-endurance-training-on-skeletal-muscle-mitochondria-damage-induced-by-particular-matter-atmospherically-relevant-artificial-pm2-5
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenduo Liu, Zilin Wang, Yu Gu, Han-Sol So, Sung-Ho Kook, Yoonjung Park, Sang Hyun Kim
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the potential of short-term aerobic exercise to mitigate skeletal muscle mitochondrial damage following ambient PM2.5 exposure, and how 12 weeks of endurance training can enhance aerobic fitness to protect against such damage. METHODS: Twenty-four male C57BL/6 J mice were split into sedentary (SED, n  = 12) and endurance training (ETR, n  = 12) groups. The ETR group underwent 12 weeks of training (10-15 m/min, 60 min/day, 4 times/week), confirmed by an Endurance Exercise Capacity (EEC) test...
2024: Frontiers in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38480603/image-quality-and-metal-artifact-reduction-in-total-hip-arthroplasty-ct-deep-learning-based-algorithm-versus-virtual-monoenergetic-imaging-and-orthopedic-metal-artifact-reduction
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mark Selles, Ruud H H Wellenberg, Derk J Slotman, Ingrid M Nijholt, Jochen A C van Osch, Kees F van Dijke, Mario Maas, Martijn F Boomsma
BACKGROUND: To compare image quality, metal artifacts, and diagnostic confidence of conventional computed tomography (CT) images of unilateral total hip arthroplasty patients (THA) with deep learning-based metal artifact reduction (DL-MAR) to conventional CT and 130-keV monoenergetic images with and without orthopedic metal artifact reduction (O-MAR). METHODS: Conventional CT and 130-keV monoenergetic images with and without O-MAR and DL-MAR images of 28 unilateral THA patients were reconstructed...
March 14, 2024: European Radiology Experimental
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38477715/knittable-electrochemical-yarn-muscle-for-morphing-textiles
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaobo Wang, Yulian Wang, Ming Ren, Lizhong Dong, Tao Zhou, Guang Yang, Hao Yang, Yueran Zhao, Bo Cui, Yuxin Li, Wei Li, Xiaojie Yuan, Guanlong Qiao, You Wu, Xiaona Wang, Panpan Xu, Jiangtao Di
Morphing textiles, crafted using electrochemical artificial muscle yarns, boast features such as adaptive structural flexibility, programmable control, low operating voltage, and minimal thermal effect. However, the progression of these textiles is still impeded by the challenges in the continuous production of these yarn muscles and the necessity for proper structure designs that bypass operation in extensive electrolyte environments. Herein, a meters-long sheath-core structured carbon nanotube (CNT)/nylon composite yarn muscle is continuously prepared...
March 13, 2024: ACS Nano
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38474928/interpreting-stroke-impaired-electromyography-patterns-through-explainable-artificial-intelligence
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iqram Hussain, Rafsan Jany
Electromyography (EMG) proves invaluable myoelectric manifestation in identifying neuromuscular alterations resulting from ischemic strokes, serving as a potential marker for diagnostics of gait impairments caused by ischemia. This study aims to develop an interpretable machine learning (ML) framework capable of distinguishing between the myoelectric patterns of stroke patients and those of healthy individuals through Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques. The research included 48 stroke patients (average age 70...
February 21, 2024: Sensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465203/precise-and-rapid-whole-head-segmentation-from-magnetic-resonance-images-of-older-adults-using-deep-learning
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Skylar E Stolte, Aprinda Indahlastari, Jason Chen, Alejandro Albizu, Ayden Dunn, Samantha Pedersen, Kyle B See, Adam J Woods, Ruogu Fang
Whole-head segmentation from Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) establishes the foundation for individualized computational models using finite element method (FEM). This foundation paves the path for computer-aided solutions in fields, particularly in non-invasive brain stimulation. Most current automatic head segmentation tools are developed using healthy young adults. Thus, they may neglect the older population that is more prone to age-related structural decline such as brain atrophy. In this work, we present a new deep learning method called GRACE, which stands for G eneral, R apid, A nd C omprehensive whole-h E ad tissue segmentation...
March 2024: Imaging Neurosci (Camb)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465173/motor-evoked-potential-monitoring-with-multi-train-electrical-stimulation-during-thoracoabdominal-aortic-aneurysm-surgery-a-case-report
#28
Takeo Yuno, Yusuke Nakade, Kenji Iino, Takumi Taniguchi, Hiroyasu Oe
Intraoperative motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) are measured for assessing motor function during surgery. MEP monitoring is often performed in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) surgery, but false positives are common and amplification methods are needed to obtain waveforms under severe conditions to assess proper spinal cord function. One method of amplitude amplification in transcranial-stimulated MEP monitoring is multitrain stimulation. There are few reports on multitrain-stimulated MEP monitoring for this surgery...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462279/integrated-block-wise-neural-network-with-auto-learning-search-framework-for-finger-gesture-recognition-using-semg-signals
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shurun Wang, Hao Tang, Feng Chen, Qi Tan, Qi Jiang
Accurate finger gesture recognition with surface electromyography (sEMG) is essential and long-challenge in the muscle-computer interface, and many high-performance deep learning models have been developed to predict gestures. For these models, problem-specific tuning of network architecture is essential for improving the performance, yet it requires substantial knowledge of network architecture design and commitment of time and effort. This process thus imposes a major obstacle to the widespread and flexible application of modern deep learning...
March 2024: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38458482/first-use-of-tissue-exudate-serology-to-identify-toxocara-spp-infection-in-food-animals
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara R Healy, Eric R Morgan, Joaquin M Prada, Grégory Karadjian, Aurélie Chevillot, Martha Betson
Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are globally distributed, zoonotic roundworm parasites. Human infection can have serious clinical consequences including blindness and brain disorders. In addition to ingesting environmental eggs, humans can become infected by eating infective larvae in raw or undercooked meat products. To date, no studies have assessed the prevalence of Toxocara spp. larvae in meat from animals consumed as food in the UK or assessed tissue exudates for the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies...
March 6, 2024: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38458406/development-of-new-nanofibrous-nerve-conduits-by-pcl-chitosan-hyaluronic-acid-containing-piracetam-vitamin-b12-for-sciatic-nerve-a-rat-model
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zahra Jafarisavari, Jafar Ai, Seyed Abbas Mirzaei, Mostafa Soleimannejad, Shiva Asadpour
Peripheral nerve injury is a critical condition that can disrupt nerve functions. Despite the progress in engineering artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs), nerve regeneration remains challenging. Here, we developed new nanofibrous NGCs using polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CH) containing piracetam (PIR)/vitamin B12(VITB12) with an electrospinning method. The lumen of NGCs was coated by hyaluronic acid (HA) to promote regeneration in sciatic nerve injury. The NGCs were characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), tensile, swelling, contact angle, degradation, and drug release tests...
March 6, 2024: International Journal of Pharmaceutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38456517/artificial-intelligence-measured-3d-body-composition-to-predict-pathological-response-in-rectal-cancer-patients
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew Y Wei, Ke Cao, Wei Hong, Josephine Yeung, Margaret Lee, Peter Gibbs, Ian G Faragher, Paul N Baird, Justin M Yeung
BACKGROUND: The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is moving towards total neoadjuvant therapy and potential organ preservation. Of particular interest are predictors of pathological complete response (pCR) that can guide personalized treatment. There are currently no clinical biomarkers which can accurately predict neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) response but body composition (BC) measures present as an emerging contender. The primary aim of the study was to determine if artificial intelligence (AI) derived body composition variables can predict pCR in patients with LARC...
March 8, 2024: ANZ Journal of Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38456068/cardiac-rehabilitation-after-cardiac-surgery-an-important-underutilized-treatment-strategy
#33
EDITORIAL
Christos Kourek, Stavros Dimopoulos
Physical inactivity remains in high levels after cardiac surgery, reaching up to 50%. Patients present a significant loss of functional capacity, with prominent muscle weakness after cardiac surgery due to anesthesia, surgical incision, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, and mechanical ventilation that affects their quality of life. These complications, along with pulmonary complications after surgery, lead to extended intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay and significant mortality rates. Despite the well-known beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation, this treatment strategy still remains broadly underutilized in patients after cardiac surgery...
February 26, 2024: World Journal of Cardiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442767/hip-contact-forces-can-be-predicted-with-a-neural-network-using-only-synthesised-key-points-and-electromyography-in-people-with-hip-osteoarthritis
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bradley M Cornish, Claudio Pizzolato, David J Saxby, Zhengliang Xia, Daniel Devaprakash, Laura E Diamond
OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a neural network to estimate hip contact forces (HCF), and lower body kinematics and kinetics during walking in individuals with hip osteoarthritis (OA) using synthesised anatomical key points and electromyography. To assess the capability of the neural network to detect directional changes in HCF resulting from prescribed gait modifications. DESIGN: A calibrated electromyography-informed neuromusculoskeletal model was used to compute lower body joint angles, moments, and HCF for 17 participants with mild-to-moderate hip OA...
March 3, 2024: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38440023/revitalizing-recovery-unveiling-the-transformative-impact-of-physiotherapy-in-rehabilitating-a-neglected-case-of-shoulder-hemiarthroplasty
#35
Om C Wadhokar, Minal Dahiwadkar, Sakshi Rawal, Reetkaur Arora, Aakanksha Choudhari, Aishwarya Mali, Chaitanya A Kulkarni, Tushar J Palekar, Mayur Wanjari
The shoulder joint has a complex anatomy and biomechanics. It is a ball and socket joint made by the articulation surface of the humeral head (ball) and glenoidal fossa (socket) of the scapula. Shoulder arthroplasty is done when parts of the shoulder joint are severely affected and damaged beyond repair. The damaged parts are replaced with artificial parts. Prosthetic implants are typically made of metal or plastic material. Implants come in various sizes and shapes. There are three types of surgical arthroplasty: total shoulder arthroplasty, partial shoulder arthroplasty, and reverse arthroplasty...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38439210/performance-of-different-machine-learning-algorithms-in-identifying-undiagnosed-diabetes-based-on-nonlaboratory-parameters-and-the-influence-of-muscle-strength-a-cross-sectional-study
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Xu, Shanhu Qiu, Jinli Ye, Dan Chen, Donglei Wang, Xiaoying Zhou, Zilin Sun
AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Machine learning algorithms based on the artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine, naive Bayesian or logistic regression model are commonly used to identify diabetes. This study investigated which approach performed the best and whether muscle strength provided any incremental benefit in identifying undiagnosed diabetes in Chinese adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 4,482 eligible participants from eight provinces in China, who were randomly divided into the training dataset (n = 3,586) and the testing dataset (n = 896)...
March 4, 2024: Journal of Diabetes Investigation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38436108/inhibition-of-tibialis-anterior-spinal-reflex-circuits-using-frequency-specific-neuromuscular-electrical-stimulation
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suzufumi Arai, Atsushi Sasaki, Shota Tsugaya, Taishin Nomura, Matija Milosevic
BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can generate muscle contractions and elicit excitability of neural circuits. However, the optimal stimulation frequency for effective neuromodulation remains unclear. METHODS: Eleven able-bodied individuals participated in our study to examine the effects of: (1) low-frequency NMES at 25 Hz, (2) high-frequency NMES at 100 Hz; and (3) mixed-frequency NMES at 25 and 100 Hz switched every second...
March 4, 2024: Artificial Organs
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38432768/minimally-invasive-mitral-valve-repair-using-transcatheter-chordal-attachments
#38
REVIEW
Chandan Das, Ghayth Al Awwa, Emmanuel L Mills, Gurion Lantz
The advent of transcatheter mitral chordal replacement techniques has offered an alternative approach that is less invasive and may be more suitable for select patients compared with surgical repair. These systems involve introducing artificial chordae, via catheter, to replace or supplement damaged or elongated natural chordae. These artificial chordae are anchored at one end to the mitral leaflet and the other end to the papillary muscle or directly to the left ventricular apex, restoring the leaflet's coaptation and reducing regurgitation...
April 2024: Interventional Cardiology Clinics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38430486/electrophysiological-evidence-of-right-atrial-epicardial-connections-in-a-case-with-recurrent-common-atrial-flutter
#39
Masaya Shinohara, Tadashi Fujino, Hosei Kikushima, Ryo Wada, Shintaro Yao, Kensuke Yano, Katsuya Akitsu, Takanori Ikeda
The majority of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) region consists of discretely arranged muscle bundles separated by connective tissue. Heterogeneity in the anatomic arrangement of the muscle bundles results in differences in the endocardial and epicardial activation patterns. We present a case of recurrent atrial flutter (AFL) despite the presence of a complete endocardial CTI block. We found epicardial-endocardial breakthrough (EEB) sites on the right atrial high septum. In addition, the epicardial excitation confirmed by endocardial activation mapping was detected as far-field potentials...
March 2, 2024: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology: PACE
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38429898/ionic-solvent-shell-drives-electroactuation-in-organic-mixed-ionic-electronic-conductors
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Filippo Bonafè, Francesco Decataldo, Tobias Cramer, Beatrice Fraboni
The conversion of electrochemical processes into mechanical deformation in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) enables artificial muscle-like actuators but is also critical for degradation processes affecting OMIEC-based devices. To provide a microscopic understanding of electroactuation, the modulated electrochemical atomic force microscopy (mEC-AFM) is introduced here as a novel in-operando characterization method for electroactive materials. The technique enables multidimensional spectroscopic investigations of local electroactuation and charge uptake giving access to the electroactuation transfer function...
March 1, 2024: Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
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