Esophageal Candida

The typical appearance of Candida esophagitis is white plaque-like membranes within the esophagus. We describe a unique case of Candida esophagitis that presented as a bulky, malignant-appearing, positron emission tomography-computed tomography-avid mass on endoscopy. Esophageal candidiasis persisted despite a standard course of antifungal medications (fluconazole 400 mg daily for 14 days), and eradication was successful only after fluconazole 800 mg daily was administered. Malignancy was excluded based on 2 separate sessions of endoscopy with multiple biopsies and finally with endoscopic full-thickness resection assisted by preresection closure with an over-the-scope clip...

BACKGROUND: Fungal disease is frequent in India, but its incidence and prevalence are unclear. This review aims at defining the frequency or burden of various fungal infections in India. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature on the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (WOS) databases was conducted using appropriate search strings. Deterministic modeling determined annual incidence and prevalence estimates for multiple life- and sight-threatening infections with significant morbidity...

BACKGROUND: Opportunistic infections are frequent in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus who either do not have access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) or use it irregularly. Tuberculosis is the most frequent infectious disease in PLHIV and can predispose patients to severe fungal infections with dire consequences. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 35-year-old Brazilian man living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for 10 years...

BACKGROUND: Candida esophagitis (CE) is among the commonest esophageal infections and is known as an opportunistic fungal infection mostly affecting people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, some medical conditions might predispose HIV-negative individuals to esophageal candidiasis. The epidemiology and associated endoscopic findings of CE among people without HIV have rarely been reported. AIM: To investigate the prevalence of CE among HIV-negative persons, and determine risk factors predicting CE...

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is a clinical rarity and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. It usually presents as upper gastrointestinal bleeding and is associated with poor outcomes. We report a case of a 53-year-old man with diabetes and cirrhosis who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and had an upper gastrointestinal bleed during the hospital stay from AEN associated with Candida esophagitis. In addition to the standard supportive therapy, such patients require antifungal therapy. This case underscores how a rare disease can present like a common disease and prove to be a management challenge if the differential is not kept broad...

Pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush), erythematous candidiasis, and fungal esophagitis are infections of the barrier mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The majority of these infections are caused by Candida albicans , an opportunistic fungal pathogen that frequently exists as a harmless commensal on mucosal surfaces lining the gastrointestinal tract. Oral infections are initiated in the superficial stratified squamous epithelium, in which keratinocytes are the most abundant host cells and are the initial points of contact with C...

Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis (EIPD) is a rare disease. A 78-year-old man with dysphagia presented to our hospital. The presence of diffuse esophageal spasm was suspected by his primary-care doctor. High-resolution manometry (HRM) showed no abnormal findings. The patient was diagnosed with EIPD and Candida esophagitis, by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and esophagography. His symptoms improved after symptomatic treatment for Candida esophagitis with oral administration of an antifungal drug. EIPD should be considered in patients with dysphagia; EGD and esophagography should be performed when diagnosing EIPD...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe a case of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) after severe COVID-19 disease, review patient outcomes with EE after COVID-19 infection, and review evidence regarding risk factors for developing EE. METHODS: This is a review of health records, imaging, intravitreal injection, and pars plana vitrectomy for bilateral fungal EE after severe COVID-19 disease, and is a literature review on outcomes in EE after COVID-19 disease...

An elderly frail lady with features of malnutrition was investigated by endoscopy because of nausea and vomiting. Candida esophagitis was found, and there was symptomatic and endoscopic resolution after treatment with amphotericin B.

Candida nivariensis caused refractory esophagitis in a 36-year-old Brazilian man coinfected with HIV and Leishmania . A literature review on this rare fungal pathogen is also presented. The diagnosis was made, and pathogen identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and sequencing of the LSU/26S region. An antifungigram was performed using broth microdilution. A literature search of PubMed was performed. The causative agent, C. nivariensis , was resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole...

Candida albicans causes debilitating, often azole-resistant, infections in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). Amphotericin B (AMB) resistance is rare, but AMB use is limited by parenteral administration and nephrotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated cochleated AMB (CAMB), a new oral AMB formulation, in mouse models of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and in patients with azole-resistant CMC. OPC and VVC were modeled in Act1 -/- mice, and mucosal tissue fungal burden was assessed after once-daily treatment with CAMB, vehicle, or AMB-deoxycholate (AMB-d)...

Infectious esophagitis is the third most common cause of esophagitis after gastroesophageal reflux disease and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and should always be considered in the differential of patients with dysphagia and odynophagia. The most common organisms causing disease are candida, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). It is well recognized that an impaired local or systemic immune system is a risk factor for disease; however, esophageal dysmotility and disruptions in esophageal homeostasis and the esophageal milieu are likely to represent additional risk factors in disease pathogenesis...

Diffuse esophageal intramural pseudo-diverticulosis (DEIPD) is a chronic fibrosing inflammation of the esophagus of unknown origin. Its name derives from the characteristic pseudo-diverticula formed by dilated ducts of submucosal glands. With an assumed prevalence of approximately 5-50/100 000, DEIPD is more frequent than previously estimated. It preferentially affects men between 50 and 70 years of age with a history of alcohol and tobacco abuse. Key symptoms are chronic dysphagia and food impactions...

We probably describe the first report of esophageal rupture in a patient with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy - candidiasis - ectodermal dystrophy (APECED, OMIM # 240300), who had candida esophagitis as the main feature for decades. Strong evidence shows that this rupture may have been caused directly and indirectly by chronic candidiasis. In this way, we demonstrate how severe and harmful the persistent esophageal candidiasis can cause in the esophagus, especially in immunodeficient patients.

Acute Diseases of the Esopagus - Esophagitis Abstract. Inflammation of the esophagus can be caused by various conditions including gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), immunosuppression, infections, allergens, or distinct medications. GERD will be covered in a separate article. Clinical symptoms include heartburn, retrosternal pain, dysphagia, or fetor ex ore. Bleeding, strictures, or stenoses can occur as local complications. Besides a detailed medical history, diagnostic tools are usually an accurate physical examination and flexible endoscopy including histological and microbiological sampling...

INTRODUCTION: Oesophageal candidiasis is a common infection among individuals with immunosuppression, associated with significant morbidity. Available guidelines recommend fluconazole as the preferred treatment; however, data regarding its effectiveness in an era of increased fluconazole resistance has not been systematically compiled. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) addressing systemic antifungal therapy for oesophageal candidiasis was undertaken...

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for recurrent symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) despite medical therapy. Complications include cardiac tamponade, pulmonary vein stenosis, and rarely atrial-esophageal fistula (AEF). We present a case of a 77-year-old male patient with a history of persistent AF status post posterior left atrial isolation 50 days prior, who presented to the emergency department with bilateral lower extremity weakness ongoing for an hour. In addition, he reported a non-productive cough, chest discomfort, and dysphagia...

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal candidiasis is often neglected and potentially serious infection in cirrhosis patients. Therefore, we evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of esophageal candidiasis (EC) in cirrhotics and did a systematic review to summarize EC's available evidence in cirrhosis. METHODS: Consecutive patients with cirrhosis posted for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at a tertiary care institute were screened for EC (cases) between January 2019 and March 2020...

BACKGROUND: Biologics directed against the T-helper (Th)-17 pathway have been approved for several inflammatory diseases. Interleukin (IL)-17 is involved in anti- Candida host defense, and clinical trials suggested increased candidiasis incidence during IL-17 inhibitor therapy. We describe the worldwide epidemiology of candidiasis during Th17 inhibitor therapy, and immunological mechanisms involved in candidiasis susceptibility. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis of multiple independent sources reporting Candida adverse events during biologics inhibiting the Th17 pathway was performed...

BACKGROUND: CARD9 deficiency is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency underlying increased susceptibility to fungal infection primarily presenting as invasive CNS Candida and/or cutaneous/invasive dermatophyte infections. More recently, a rare heterozygous dominant negative CARD9 variant c.1434 + 1G > C was reported to be protective from inflammatory bowel disease. OBJECTIVE: We studied two siblings carrying homozygous CARD9 variants (c.1434 + 1G > C) and born to heterozygous asymptomatic parents...