keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38112474/complete-genome-sequence-of-pseudomonas-phage-ep4-lysing-the-kiwifruit-canker-bacteria
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mitsuo Aono, Haruka Yagi, Kappei Kobayashi
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a pathogen of kiwifruit canker. Ep4, a bacteriophage lysing the pathogenic bacteria, was isolated from an affected plant. Sequencing and annotation have revealed 44,614-bp genome with 52 predicted open reading frames. Ep4 is closest to Pseudomonas phage YMC11/06/C171_PPU_BP, albeit with low homology.
December 19, 2023: Microbiology Resource Announcements
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38088451/pge2-ep4-signaling-steers-cdc2-maturation-toward-the-induction-of-suppressive-t-cell-responses
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jorge Cuenca-Escalona, Georgina Flórez-Grau, Koen van den Dries, Alessandra Cambi, I Jolanda M de Vries
Dendritic cells (DCs) shape adaptive immunity in response to environmental cues such as cytokines or lipid mediators, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In cancer, tumors are known to establish an enriched PGE2 microenvironment. Tumor-derived PGE2 primes regulatory features across immune cells, including DCs, facilitating tumor progression. PGE2 shapes DC function by providing signaling via its two so-called E-prostanoid receptors (EPs) EP2 and EP4. Although studies with monocyte-derived DCs have shown the importance of PGE2 signaling, the role of PGE2-EP2/EP4 on conventional DCs type 2 (cDC2s), is still poorly defined...
December 13, 2023: European Journal of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38058393/blockade-of-ep4-by-asp7657-modulates-myeloid-cell-differentiation-in-vivo-and-enhances-the-antitumor-effect-of-radiotherapy
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Toshihide Nishibata, Nobuaki Amino, Ruriko Tanaka-Kado, Susumu Tsujimoto, Tomoko Kawashima, Satoshi Konagai, Tomoyuki Suzuki, Masahiro Takeuchi
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is thought to influence the antitumor efficacy of immuno-oncology agents through various products of both tumor and stromal cells. One immune-suppressive factor is prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), a lipid mediator whose biosynthesis is regulated by ubiquitously expressed cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 1 and inducible COX-2. By activating its receptors, PGE2 induces immune suppression to modulate differentiation of myeloid cells into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) rather than dendritic cells (DCs)...
2023: BioMed Research International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38035000/inhibition-of-rat-locus-coeruleus-neurons-by-prostaglandin-e-2-ep3-receptors-pharmacological-characterization-ex-vivo
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amaia Nazabal, Aitziber Mendiguren, Joseba Pineda
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) is an inflammatory mediator synthesized by the brain constitutive cyclooxygenase enzyme. PGE2 binds to G protein-coupled EP1-4 receptors (EP1 to Gq , EP2,4 to Gs , and EP3 to Gi/o ). EP2, EP3 and EP4 receptors are expressed in the locus coeruleus (LC), the main noradrenergic nucleus in the brain. EP3 receptors have been explored in the central nervous system, although its role regulating the locus coeruleus neuron activity has not been pharmacologically defined. Our aim was to characterize the function of EP3 receptors in neurons of the LC...
2023: Frontiers in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38022587/small-molecule-inhibitors-for-cancer-immunotherapy-and-associated-biomarkers-the-current-status
#25
REVIEW
Lisa Schlicher, Luke G Green, Andrea Romagnani, Florian Renner
Following the success of cancer immunotherapy using large molecules against immune checkpoint inhibitors, the concept of using small molecules to interfere with intracellular negative regulators of anti-tumor immune responses has emerged in recent years. The main targets for small molecule drugs currently include enzymes of negative feedback loops in signaling pathways of immune cells and proteins that promote immunosuppressive signals within the tumor microenvironment. In the adaptive immune system, negative regulators of T cell receptor signaling (MAP4K1, DGKα/ζ, CBL-B, PTPN2, PTPN22, SHP1), co-receptor signaling (CBL-B) and cytokine signaling (PTPN2) have been preclinically validated as promising targets and initial clinical trials with small molecule inhibitors are underway...
2023: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38009541/role-of-bradykinin-and-prostaglandin-ep4-receptors-in-regulating-trpv1-channel-sensitization-in-rat-dorsal-root-ganglion-neurons
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara A Aldossary, Mohammad Alsalem, Blair D Grubb
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channels play key roles in chronic pain conditions and are modulated by different inflammatory mediators to elicit heat sensitisation. Bradykinin is a 9-amino acid peptide chain that promotes inflammation. The aim of present study is to investigate how bradykinin and prostaglandin receptors (EP3 and EP4 ) modulate the sensitisation of TRPV1-mediated responses. Calcium imaging studies of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were employed to investigate the desensitizing responses of TRPV1 ion channels by capsaicin, and the re-sensitization of TRPV1 by bradykinin, then to explore the role EP3 and EP4 receptors in mediating these bradykinin-dependent effects...
November 27, 2023: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37988454/enteric-glia-promote-visceral-hypersensitivity-during-inflammation-through-intercellular-signaling-with-gut-nociceptors
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wilmarie Morales-Soto, Jacques Gonzales, William F Jackson, Brian D Gulbransen
Inflammation in the intestines causes abdominal pain that is challenging to manage. The terminals of sensory neurons innervating the gut are surrounded by glia. Here, using a mouse model of acute colitis, we found that enteric glia contribute to visceral pain by secreting factors that sensitized sensory nerves innervating the gut in response to inflammation. Acute colitis induced a transient increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the intestines of male and female mice. Of these, IL-1β was produced in part by glia and augmented the opening of the intercellular communication hemichannel connexin-43 in glia, which made normally innocuous stimuli painful in female mice...
November 21, 2023: Science Signaling
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37983645/design-of-dual-ep2-ep4-antagonists-through-scaffold-merging-of-selective-inhibitors
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olivier Corminboeuf, Stefan Diethelm, Cornelia Zumbrunn, Isabelle Lyothier, Nadja Niggli, Carmela Gnerre, Sébastien Jeay, François Lehembre, Christoph Boss
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a key role in various stages of cancer. PGE2 signals through the EP2 and the EP4 receptors, promoting tumorigenesis, metastasis, and/or immune suppression. Dual inhibition of both the EP2 and the EP4 receptors has the potential to counteract the effect of PGE2 and to result in antitumor efficacy. We herein disclose for the first time the structure of dual EP2/EP4 antagonists. By merging the scaffolds of EP2 selective and EP4 selective inhibitors, we generated a new chemical series of compounds blocking both receptors with comparable potency...
November 20, 2023: ChemMedChem
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37937226/primary-squamous-cell-biliary-carcinoma-with-liver-metastasis-is-rare-but-malicious
#29
Mohamad Khaled Almujarkesh, Anirudh R Damughatla, Jasdeep Bathla, Kyle Sugg, Dana LaBuda, Samer Alkassis, Mohammed Najeeb Al Hallak
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is quite rare, and to our knowledge, very few cases have been reported in the literature. The exact pathogenesis of the disease is unestablished; however, it is mostly reported to be associated with hepatic cyst, Caroli's disease, hepatolithiasis, hepatic cirrhosis, and hepatic teratoma. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman with no prior medical history initially, who presented with postprandial epigastric and right upper quadrant pain that continued to worsen and was associated with early satiety, nausea, and weight loss of 25 pounds over 2 months, which prompted further evaluation by her primary care physician...
October 2023: Gastroenterology Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37929634/phenotypic-and-proteomic-characterization-of-the-human-erythroid-progenitor-continuum-reveal-dynamic-changes-in-cell-cycle-and-in-metabolic-pathways
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julien Papoin, Hongxia Yan, Marjorie Leduc, Morgane Le Gall, Anupama Narla, James Palis, Laurie A Steiner, Patrick G Gallagher, Christopher D Hillyer, Emilie-Fleur Gautier, Narla Mohandas, Lionel Blanc
Human erythropoiesis is a complex process leading to the production of 2.5 million red blood cells per second. Following commitment of hematopoietic stem cells to the erythroid lineage, this process can be divided into three distinct stages: erythroid progenitor differentiation, terminal erythropoiesis, and reticulocyte maturation. We recently resolved the heterogeneity of erythroid progenitors into four different subpopulations termed EP1-EP4. Here, we characterized the growth factor(s) responsiveness of these four progenitor populations in terms of proliferation and differentiation...
November 6, 2023: American Journal of Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37898454/microbial-dependent-recruitment-of-immature-myeloid-cells-promotes-intestinal-regeneration
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhengyu Jiang, Quin T Waterbury, Ermanno Malagola, Na Fu, Woosook Kim, Yosuke Ochiai, Feijing Wu, Chandan Guha, Carrie J Shawber, Kelley S Yan, Timothy C Wang
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The intestinal epithelium functions both in nutrient absorption and as a barrier, separating the luminal contents from a network of vascular, fibroblastic, and immune cells underneath. Following injury to the intestine, multiple cell populations cooperate to drive regeneration of the mucosal barrier, including lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). A population of granulocytic immature myeloid cells (IMCs), marked by histidine decarboxylase (Hdc), participate in regeneration of multiple organs such as the colon and central nervous system, but their contribution to intestinal regeneration was unknown...
October 26, 2023: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37867629/ginsenoside-rb1-promotes-hepatic-glycogen-synthesis-to-ameliorate-t2dm-through-15-pgdh-pge-2-ep4-signaling-pathway
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mingjie Liang, Wenjing Zhan, Lexun Wang, Weijian Bei, Weixuan Wang
PURPOSE: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the crucial bioactive constituents in Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., possesses anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) property. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism, particularly the impact of Rb1 on hepatic glycogen production, a crucial process in the advancement of T2DM, remains poorly understood. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is responsible for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) inactivation. A recent study has reported that inhibition of 15-PGDH promoted hepatic glycogen synthesis and improved T2DM...
2023: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37829747/ber-ep4-staining-patterns-on-basal-cell-carcinomas
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seyma Ozkanli
OBJECTIVE: This article aimed to study two different parameters of basal cell carcinoma (BCC): First, to analyze the expression of antihuman epithelial antigen (Ber-EP4) on the primary and recurrent BCCs on the head, neck, and other body parts and second, to find Ber-EP4's staining pattern and staining intensities correlation between histological type, demographic data, tumor, and its prognostic parameters. METHODS: We evaluated the Ber-EP4 staining patterns of 201 patients diagnosed with BCC...
2023: Northern Clinics of Istanbul
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37808771/disruption-of-epithelium-integrity-by-inflammation-associated-fibroblasts-through-prostaglandin-signaling
#34
Yi Dong, Blake A Johnson, Linhao Ruan, Maged Zeineldin, Albert Z Liu, Sumana Raychaudhuri, Ian Chiu, Jin Zhu, Barbara Smith, Nan Zhao, Peter Searson, Shigeki Watanabe, Mark Donowitz, Tatianna C Larman, Rong Li
UNLABELLED: Inflammation-associated fibroblasts (IAFs) are associated with the progression and drug resistance of chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but their direct impact on epithelial function and architecture is unknown. In this study, we developed an in vitro model whereby human colon fibroblasts are induced to become IAFs by specific cytokines and recapitulate key features of IAFs in vivo . When co-cultured with patient-derived colon organoids (colonoids), IAFs induced rapid colonoid swelling and barrier disruption due to swelling and rupture of individual epithelial cells...
September 28, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37800952/-alpinia-katsumadai-hayata-volatile-oil-is-effective-in-treating-5-fluorouracil-induced-mucositis-by-regulating-gut-microbiota-and-modulating-the-gc-gr-pathway-and-the-mpges-1-pge2-ep4-pathways
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dong Liu, Fei Tang, Li Zhang, Jing-Nan Zhang, Xiao-Lan Zhao, Li-Yue Xu, Cheng Peng, Hui Ao
This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of AKHO on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Mouse body weight, diarrhea score, and H&E staining were applied to judge the therapeutic effect of AKHO. 16S rDNA and nontargeted metabolomics have been used to study the mechanism. WB, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were adopted to validate possible mechanisms. The results demonstrated that AKHO significantly reduced diarrhea scores and intestinal damage induced by 5-FU in mice...
October 18, 2023: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37790467/mechanical-loading-induced-change-of-bone-homeostasis-is-mediated-by-pge2-driven-hypothalamic-interoception
#36
Xu Cao, Feng Gao, Qimiao Hu, Cheng Qi, Mei Wan, James Ficke, Junying Zheng
Bone is a mechanosensitive tissue and undergoes constant remodeling to adapt to the mechanical loading environment. However, it is unclear whether the signals of bone cells in response to mechanical stress are processed and interpreted in the brain. In this study, we found that the hypothalamus of the brain regulates bone remodeling and structure by perceiving bone PGE2 concentration in response to mechanical loading. Bone PGE2 levels are in proportion to their weight bearing. When weight bearing changes in the tail-suspension mice, the PGE2 concentrations in bones change in line with their weight bearing changes...
September 15, 2023: Research Square
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37759164/physiological-functions-of-calcium-signaling-via-orai1-in-cancer
#37
REVIEW
Masanari Umemura, Rina Nakakaji, Yoshihiro Ishikawa
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) signaling regulates many cellular functions, including cell proliferation and migration, in both normal cells and cancer cells. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a major mechanism by which Ca2+ is imported from the extracellular space to the intracellular space, especially in nonexcitable cells. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is also a receptor-regulated Ca2+ entry pathway that maintains Ca2+ homeostasis by sensing reduced Ca2+ levels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In general, the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or immunoreceptors, such as T-cell, B-cell and Fc receptors, results in the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 )...
September 27, 2023: Journal of Physiological Sciences: JPS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37732601/prostaglandin-e-2-attenuates-lung-fibroblast-differentiation-via-inactivation-of-yes-associated-protein-signaling
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lakshminarayan Reddy Teegala, Ravindra Gudneppanavar, Emma Elizabeth Sabu Kattuman, Matthew Snyderman, Arani Varamuniprasad Thanusha, Venkatesh Katari, Charles K Thodeti, Sailaja Paruchuri
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) has been implicated in counteracting fibroblast differentiation by TGFβ1 during pulmonary fibrosis. However, the precise mechanism is not well understood. We show here that PGE2 via EP2 R and EP4 R inhibits the expression of mechanosensory molecules Lysyl Oxidase Like 2 (LOXL2), myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), ECM proteins, plasminogen activation inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), fibronectin (FN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and redox sensor (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4)) required for TGFβ1-mediated fibroblast differentiation...
October 2023: FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37722627/prostaglandin-e-2-and-myocarditis-friend-or-foe
#39
REVIEW
Timothy D Bryson, Pamela Harding
This review article summarizes the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and its receptors (EP1-EP4) as it relates to the inflammatory cardiomyopathy, myocarditis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the onset of myocarditis in a subset of patients prompted a debate on the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen, which act to inhibit the actions of prostaglandins. This review aims to further understanding of the role of PGE2 in the pathogenesis or protection of the myocardium in myocarditis...
September 16, 2023: Biochemical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37698957/the-role-of-additional-staining-in-the-assessment-of-the-peritoneal-regression-grading-score-prgs-in-peritoneal-metastasis-of-gastric-origin
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wiebke Solass, Giorgi Nadiradze, Marc A Reymond, Hans Bösmüller
INTRODUCTION: The Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) is a 4-tied histologic regression grading score for determining the response of peritoneal metastasis to chemotherapy. Peritoneal biopsies in every abdominal quadrant are recommended. A positive therapy response is defined as a decreasing or stable mean PRGS between 2 therapy cycles. The added value of periodic acid satin (PAS) and Ber-EP4 staining over HE staining for diagnosing PRGS1 (the absence of vital tumor cells) is unclear...
September 13, 2023: Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology: AIMM
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