parasites and asthma

Mycobacterium phlei is a gram-positive acid-fast mycobacterium from the family Mycobacteriaceae. It is a valuable resource for both natural drugs and microecological preparations. It has been widely used in the field of human medicine; however, in the field of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, the research and application of M. phlei is still in the preliminary exploration stage. This study aims to summarize the research progress of M. phlei in the field of veterinary medicine and provide a valuable reference for future research...

The worldwide prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders (allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy) has been steadily rising in recent decades. It is now estimated that up to 20% of the global population is afflicted by an allergic disease, with increasing incidence rates in both high- and low-income countries. The World Allergy Organization estimates that the total economic burden of asthma and allergic rhinitis alone is approximately $21 billion per year. While allergic stimuli are a complex and heterogenous class of inputs including parasites, pollens, food antigens, drugs, and metals, it has become clear that fungi are major drivers of allergic disease, with estimates that fungal sensitization occurs in 20-30% of atopic individuals and up to 80% of asthma patients...

Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that, under homeostatic conditions, account for as much as 1-3% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During inflammation, eosinophils can rapidly expand and infiltrate inflamed tissues, guided by cytokines and alarmins (such as IL-33), adhesion molecules and chemokines. Eosinophils play a prominent role in allergic asthma and parasitic infections. Nonetheless, they participate in the immune response against respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza...

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a heterogeneous group of disorders, the majority of which are idiopathic. Cardiac manifestations, particularly eosinophilic myocarditis and endomyocardial fibrosis, are a typical course of morbidity and mortality in hypereosinophilic syndrome. We present a case of a patient with asthma and idiopathic eosinophilia who presented with dyspnea and edema. Cardiac ultrasonography showed pericardial effusion and reduced left ventricular motion, which persisted despite heart failure therapy, although pulmonary congestion improved...

Over the last two decades, awareness of the (patho)physiological roles of thromboxane A2 signaling has been greatly extended. From humble beginnings as a short-lived stimulus that activates platelets and causes vasoconstriction to a dichotomous receptor system involving multiple endogenous ligands capable of modifying tissue homeostasis and disease generation in almost every tissue of the body. Thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) signal transduction is associated with the pathogenesis of cancer, atherosclerosis, heart disease, asthma, and host response to parasitic infection amongst others...

Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is a cytokine with potent proinflammatory properties that plays a central role in pathologies such as allergic asthma, immunity to parasitic infection, and autoimmunity. More recently, IL-9 has garnered considerable attention in tumor immunity. Historically, IL-9 has been associated with a protumor function in hematological malignancies and an antitumor function in solid malignancies. However, recent discoveries of the dynamic role of IL-9 in cancer progression suggest that IL-9 can act as both a pro- or antitumor factor in various hematological and solid malignancies...

The Ikaros zinc-finger transcription factor Eos has largely been associated with sustaining the immunosuppressive functions of regulatory T cells. Paradoxically, Eos has more recently been implicated in promoting proinflammatory responses in the dysregulated setting of autoimmunity. However, the precise role of Eos in regulating the differentiation and function of effector CD4+ T cell subsets remains unclear. In this study, we find that Eos is a positive regulator of the differentiation of murine CD4+ TH2 cells, an effector population that has been implicated in both immunity against helminthic parasites and the induction of allergic asthma...

There is now sufficient evidence to support an inverse association between helminth infection and secreted products with allergic/autoimmune disorders. Accordingly, several experimental studies have shown that Echinococcus granulosus infection and hydatid cyst compounds are able to suppress immune responses in allergic airway inflammation. This is the first study on effects of somatic antigens of E. granulosus on chronic allergic airway inflammation in BALB/c mice. Mice in OVA group were intraperitoneally (IP) sensitized with OVA/Alum...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Helminth infections modify the natural history of allergic diseases, by either decreasing or increasing their symptoms. Several helminth components are involved in the increasing of the allergic response and symptoms, overcoming the concomitant immunosuppression of helminthiases. However, the role of individual IgE-binding molecules in this process remains to be defined. RECENT FINDINGS: We updated the list of helminth allergens and IgE-binding molecules, their effects on asthma presentation, and their impact on allergy diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an immune-related pulmonary disease caused by sensitization of airway by Aspergillus fumigatus . The disease manifests as bronchial asthma and recurring pulmonary shadows, which may be associated with bronchiectasis. The diagnosis of ABPA mainly depends on serological, immunological, and imaging findings. Pathological examination is not necessary but may be required in atypical cases to exclude pulmonary tuberculosis, tumor, and other diseases through lung biopsy...

The effect of helminthic infections on allergic diseases and asthma is still inconclusive. Moreover, there is considerable evidence suggesting that nitric oxide (NO), metalloproteinases and pro-inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the physiopathology of these diseases. In this sense, the aim of our study is to investigate the ex vivo immunomodulatory effect of the laminated layer (LL, outside layer of parasitic cyst) of the helminth Echinococcus granulosus on NO, IL-17A and IL-10 production. In the first step of our study, we evaluated in vivo the NO, MMP-9, IL-17A, IL-10 levels in Algerian patients with allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis and their changes in relation with exacerbation status of the patients...

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections are common in humans, especially among young children. These conditions are often asymptomatic and self-limiting, and diagnosis is mainly based on the search for ova and parasites in the stools since serology may be biased due to cross reactivity between parasites. Pinworm is common in children and is not usually associated with hypereosinophilia; adhesive-tape test is the gold standard testing for the microscopic detection of Enterobious vermicularis (Ev) eggs...

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a diverse disease with various etiologic bases. Severe asthma can be associated with increased mortality, hospitalization, and decreased quality of life for asthma patients. High blood eosinophil counts were associated with severe asthma, but recent studies have failed to confirm this as a marker of severe asthma among adult asthma patients. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the association between the severity of asthma and high blood eosinophil count...

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) can be associated with parasitic infections, atopic drug reactions, or atopic diseases, such as asthma. This report describes 25-year-old and 27-year-old sisters with a family history of asthma who presented with abdominal pain due to EG. CASE REPORT Case 1: A 25-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of chronic left upper quadrant abdominal pain that did not improve with proton pump inhibitor and sucralfate therapy. She has a history of asthma and allergic rhinitis...

Toxocariasis is an underestimated geohelminthic infection which shows respiratory changes concurrent with larval migration. The purpose of the present study was to detect Toxocara seropositivity in asthmatic and pneumonic children, and in turn to evaluate its association with the children clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, and sociodemographic risk factors. A total of 50 asthmatic, 50 pneumonic children and 50 healthy controls were subjected to stool analysis by direct wet mount and concentration techniques to exclude possible cross reactivity...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Ym1 (chitinase-like 3, Chil3) expressed in mice is a non-enzymatic chitinase-like protein, which shows 67% identity with mouse acidic chitinase (Chia). Similarly to Chia, Ym1 is overexpressed in asthma and parasitic infections in mouse lungs. Due to the lack of chitin-degrading activity, the biomedical role of Ym1 under these pathophysiological conditions remains to be determined. In this study, we investigated what region and amino acid changes in Ym1 resulted in the loss of enzymatic activity. Replacing two amino acids at the catalytic motif to obtain a Chia-like sequence (N136D and Q140E; MT-Ym1) did not activate the protein...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Eosinophils are involved in combating parasitic, bacterial, viral infections as well as certain malignancies. However, they are also implicated in an array of upper and lower respiratory disease states. Through a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis, targeted biologic therapies have revolutionized glucocorticoid sparing treatment of eosinophilic respiratory diseases. This review will focus on the impact of novel biologics on the management of asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP)...

Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic disorder of the airways, with inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness as its major underlying phenomena. Asthmatics vary in terms of inflammation pattern, concomitant pathologies, and factors aggravating the course of the disease. As a result, there is a need for sensitive and specific biomarkers that could facilitate diagnosing asthma as well as phenotyping in everyday practice. Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) seem promising in this field. Chitinases are evolutionarily conserved hydrolases that degrade chitin...

For the past three years, COVID-19 has become an increasing global health issue. Adaptive immune cells, especially T cells, have been extensively investigated in regard to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, human health and T cell responses are also impacted by many other pathogens and chronic diseases. We have summarized T cell performance during SARS-CoV-2 coinfection with other viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Furthermore, we distinguished if those altered T cell statuses under coinfection would affect their clinical outcomes, such as symptom severity and hospitalization demand...