Tuberculous

Tuberculosis (TB), mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains the leading cause of death from a bacterium in the world. The global prevalence of clinically relevant infections with opportunistically pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have also been on the rise. Pharmacological treatment of both TB and NTM infections usually requires prolonged regimens of drug combinations, and is often challenging because of developed or inherent resistance to common antibiotic drugs. Medicinal chemistry efforts are thus needed to improve treatment options and therapeutic outcomes...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a major concern for neurosurgeons and oncologists, being a malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate and reduced survival. Leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) of GBM is rare and difficult to diagnose due to the low rate of cellular detection in the cerebrospinal fluid and clinical and imaging similarities with fungal and tuberculous meningitis. We report the case of a 25-year-old female patient suffering from multicentric GBM who developed hydrocephalus and extensive LMD three months after surgery for a left frontal parafalcine cerebral GBM isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype...

BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the laboratory diagnosis results and drug resistance of patients infected with non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). METHODS: We collected information on patients with positive indicators of NTM infection at the Henan Provincial Chest Hospital from 2020 to 2022. Acid-fast smear, mycobacterium culture, QB-SPOT assay, GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, immunoglobulin E test, tuberculosis antibody test, and microplate method for drug sensitivity test were analyzed using strain identification as the gold standard...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains endemic in South Africa. The spine, hip, and knee joints are common extra-pulmonary TB sites. Sound history taking, clinical examination, and basic laboratory and pathological tests remain key important steps in osteoarticular TB diagnosis. In our resources-stricken context cost is everything, if we can make a diagnosis cheaply that would go a long way. The diagnostic yield of standard laboratory tests compared to a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for osteoarticular TB diagnosis in a single orthopaedic unit has not been analysed...

In this study, we jointly modeled longitudinal CD4 count data and survival outcome (time-to-first occurrence of composite outcome of death, cardiac tamponade or constriction) in other to investigate the effects of Mycobacterium indicus pranii immunotherapy and the CD4 count measurements on the hazard of the composite outcome among patients with HIV and tuberculous (TB) pericarditis. In this joint modeling framework, the models for longitudinal and the survival data are linked by an association structure. The association structure represents the hazard of the event for 1-unit increase in the longitudinal measurement...

A tuberculous aneurysm is an uncommon extrapulmonary tuberculosis and is usually fatal. The best way to treat it involves a combination of open surgery and medical treatment. However, it can be challenging to diagnose a tuberculous aneurysm. In this report, we describe a patient with a tuberculous aneurysm who was treated with stent-graft replacement and CT-guided biopsy for diagnosis, followed by nine months of anti-tuberculosis therapy. Despite one week of anti-tuberculous therapy, her fever persisted. A CT scan revealed new, well-defined nodules measuring 1-2mm in the lungs and hepatomegaly, indicating complications of miliary tuberculosis...

BACKGROUND: The distinction between lung adenocarcinoma-associated malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) continues posing a challenge. This study sought to assess the supplementary value of tumor markers in enabling a differential diagnosis. METHODS: Data concerning tumor markers, which included carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), cancer antigen 153 (CA153), cancer antigen 724 (CA724), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin19 fragment (Cyfra21-1), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), in both serum and pleural effusion samples, were retrospectively compiled from lung adenocarcinoma-associated MPE and TPE patients...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of NTM in household water in China and assess its potential role as a source of infection for NTM pulmonary disease, a crucial step for understanding and controlling the spread of this increasingly prevalent disease. METHODS: To examine the prevalence of mycobacteria in household water, 500 mL water samples and swabs were collected from all taps of 19 patients' homes. The amplification of mycobacterial 16SrRNA with bacteriological identification was as a protocol to discriminate mycobacterial isolations from non- mycobacterial isolations...

BACKGROUND: The underlying mechanism for stroke in patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in TBM and whether AIS mediates the relationship between inflammation markers and functional disability. METHODS: TBM patients admitted to five hospitals between January 2011 and December 2021 were consecutively observed. Generalized linear mixed model and subgroup analyses were performed to investigate predictors of AIS in patients with and without vascular risk factors (VAFs)...

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer affects one in eight women during their lifetime; it may coincide with other diseases due to its high prevalence. Different pathologies that occur simultaneously with breast cancer, or later during its course, lead to multiple interactions with cancer and have a significant impact on its management. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 58-year-old Syrian female was admitted to our hospital for compliant of abdominal distension. Following complete examination, obtained biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis...

Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen that causes chronic pulmonary infection. Treatment is challenging owing in part to our incomplete understanding of M. abscessus virulence mechanisms that enable pathogen persistence, such as the differing pathogenicity of M. abscessus smooth (S) and rough (R) colony morphotype. While R M. abscessus is associated with chronic infection and worse patient outcomes, it is unknown how immune responses to S and R M. abscessus differ in an acute pulmonary infection setting...

BACKGROUND: Distinguishing between non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung infections and pulmonary tuberculosis becomes challenging due to their similar clinical manifestations and radiological images. Consequently, instances of delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis are highly frequent. A feasible and reliable indicator of the existence of NTM in the early stages of the disease would help to solve this dilemma. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the potential of smear-positive and Xpert assay (Cepheid, USA) negative outcomes as an early indicator of possible NTM infection in a high TB burden setting retrospectively and prospectively...

Tuberculosis is a leading cause of mortality in children worldwide. One of the greatest challenges in its management is the difficulty of diagnosis as the manifestations are non-specific and often mimic other illnesses. Neurological infection occurs in approximately 1% of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, and usually takes the form of tuberculous meningitis or tuberculoma. An 11-year-old girl who was diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, a rare immunological manifestation of tuberculosis, is presented...

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of systematic reviews (SRs) have evaluated the diagnostic values of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in infectious diseases (IDs). AIM: This umbrella analysis aimed to assess the potential risk of bias in existing SRs and to summarize the published diagnostic values of NGS in different IDs. METHOD: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until September 2023 for SRs assessing the diagnostic validity of NGS for IDs...

Tuberculous mastoiditis (TBM) is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which may result in catastrophic complications, including mastoid and ossicle destruction, hearing loss and intracranial spread if untreated. Diagnosis is challenging due to the paucibacillary nature of extrapulmonary TB, compounded by limited theatre access for specimen retrieval, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment initiation. In this case series, we discuss three cases of TBM (one paediatric and two adults) who presented to the public and private healthcare sectors in the Eastern Cape in 2022, underscoring that TB does not respect socioeconomic status...

OBJECTIVE: Non-specific features of spondylodiscitis lead to a delay and challenge in the diagnosis/differential diagnosis/treatment processes, and thus, serious complications may arise. This study aims to compare brucellar, pyogenic, and tuberculous types of spondylodiscitis, considering their demographic, clinical, and laboratory differences. This may provide more rapid management and good outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 131 patients with infectious spondylodiscitis were included in the study...

A mára ritkán előforduló tuberkulózis (tbc) extrapulmonális manifesztációi előrehaladott rosszindulatú daganatok képét utánozhatják, jelentős diagnosztikus dilemmákat okozva. A tbc igazolása gyakorta bonyolult, komplex vizsgálatokat igényel. Egy fiatal vietnámi nőbeteg esetét ismertetjük, aki idült hasi fájdalom, fogyás, fejfájás, bal oldali hemiparesis miatt jelentkezett kórházunkban...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death, but antibiotic treatments for tuberculous meningitis, the deadliest form of TB, are based on those developed for pulmonary TB and not optimized for brain penetration. Here, we performed first-in-human dynamic 18 F-pretomanid positron emission tomography (PET) studies in eight human subjects for three-dimensional, multi-compartmental in situ visualization of antibiotic concentration-time exposures (area under the curve - AUC), demonstrating preferential brain (AUC tissue/plasma 2...

BACKGROUND: Macrophage play a significant work in the development of tuberculosis. This study aims to investigate the relationship between TREM2 and macrophage polarization, as well as the related cytokines. METHODS: This study involved 43 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 37 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression levels of M1/M2 macrophage-related cytokines IL-10 and IL-12 in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis patients...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Tuberculosis (TB) pericarditis, while uncommon, should be considered in patients with pericardial masses and effusion. Timely recognition and treatment with anti-TB medications are crucial for a successful outcome. ABSTRACT: TB pericarditis presenting as a pericardial mass is an unusual and rare manifestation of this disease. We report a 59-year-old South Asian male who presented with a 1-week history of dyspnea and cough. He was found to have a hemorrhagic pericardial mass with a massive pericardial effusion...