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Polyploids generated by the replication of a single genome (autopolyploid) or synthesis of two or more distinct genomes (allopolyploid) usually show significant advantages over their diploid progenitors in biological characteristics, including growth and development, nutrient accumulation, and plant resistance. Whereas, the impacts of genomic replication on transcription regulation and chromatin structure in pak choi have not been explored fully. In this study, we observed the transcriptional and genomic structural alterations between diploid B...

Using Protein Data Bank (PDB), the distribution of backbone torsional angle for dipeptides and tripeptides has been obtained and analyzed in several past works. However, the more extended peptides distributions are difficult to obtain due to the data sparsity. In this paper, we introduce a technique based on Optimal Transport theory to understand peptide conformations. This technique renders a computational method to determine the multi-point distribution of the backbone torsional angles of the peptide. Applying this technique, we study tetrapeptide conformations, presenting a detailed analysis of tetrapeptides distributions composed of Ala and Gly amino acids, and compare it with PDB data...

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Fast and accurate determination of the protein content of a sample is an important and non-trivial task of many biochemical, biomedical, food chemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental research activities. Different methods of total protein determination are used for a wide range of proteins with highly variable properties in complex matrices. These methods usually work reasonably well for proteins under controlled conditions, but the results for non-standard and complex samples are often questionable. Here, we compare new and well-established methods, including traditional amino acid analysis (AAA), aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA) based on the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, reversed-phase liquid chromatography of intact proteins with UV absorbance measurements at 220 and 280 nm (LC-220, LC-280), and colorimetric assays like Coomassie Blue G-250 dye-binding assay (Bradford) and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay...

The first step toward marker-assisted selection is linking the phenotypes to molecular markers through quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. While the process is straightforward in self-pollinating diploid (2x) species, QTL analysis in polyploids requires unconventional methods. In this study, we have identified markers associated with weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) resistance in bananas using 138 triploid (2n = 3x) hybrids derived from a cross between a tetraploid "Monyet" (2n = 4x) and a 2x "Kokopo" (2n = 2x) banana genotypes...

Cashmere fineness is getting thicker, which is one of the key problems in cashmere breeding, however, there have been no systematic studies on the molecular regulation of cashmere fineness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between KRT26 and TCHH gene polymorphism and production performance in Liaoning cashmere goats (LCG). The potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LCG were detected by sequence alignment and PCR-Seq polymorphism of KRT26 and TCHH genes and analyzed the effect of SNPs on production performance by SPSS software...

Molecular face-rotating polyhedra (FRP) exhibit complex stereochemistry, rendering it challenging to manipulate their assembly in a stereoselective manner. In our previous work, stereocontrolled FRP were gained at the cost of losing the confined inner space, which hampers their host-guest interactions and potential applications. Through a rational design approach, herein we demonstrate the successful construction of hollow FRP with high diastereoselectivity. Whereas the [4 + 4] imine condensation of meta -formyl substituted C 3h -symmetric TAT-m and C 3 -symmetric Tri-NH2 led to the formation of all feasible FRP- 12 diastereoisomers; the para -substituted constitutional isomer, TAT-p , exclusively assembled into a pair of homo-directional enantiomeric FRP- 13 - CCCC / AAAA with a cavity size larger than 600 Å3 ...

The crystal stacking order plays a crucial role in determining the structure and physical properties of 2D layered materials. A variation in the stacking sequence of adjacent 2D building blocks causes drastic changes in their functionalities. In this work, the structural variation of belloite (Cu(OH)Cl), as a function of pressure, is presented. Through in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering studies, in combination with first-principles theoretical simulations, a structural transformation from the initial monoclinic phase into an orthorhombic one has been established at 18...

BACKGROUND: Ploidy manipulation is effective in seedless loquat breeding, in which flesh color is a key agronomic and economic trait. Few techniques are currently available for detecting the genotypes of polyploids in plants, but this ability is essential for most genetic research and molecular breeding. RESULTS: We developed a system for genotyping by quantitative PCR (qPCR) that allowed flesh color genotyping in multiple tetraploid and triploid loquat varieties (lines)...

The dodecanuclear coordination cage [Cd12 (Lnaph )12 (Lmes )4 ](BF4 )24 consists of a set of four triangular, trinuclear helical panels {Cd3 (μ-Lnaph )3 }6+ (based on ditopic bridging ligands Lnaph ), which are connected by four tritopic ligands Lmes . The result is that the four triangular helical panels and the four Lmes -capped triangular faces of the cuboctahedral core form two alternating subsets of the eight triangular faces of the cuboctahedron. Crystallographic investigations revealed that the triangular helicate faces can have 'clockwise' (C) or 'anticlockwise' (A) helicity, and that the helicity of each face can vary independently of the others as they are mechanically separated...

In our previous study, we had identified a 9-mer peptide (FSHβ (89-97)) derived from seat belt loop of human FSHβ and demonstrated its ability to function as FSHR antagonist in vivo. Structure analysis revealed that the four central residues 91 STDC94 within this peptide may not be critical for receptor binding. In the present study, 91 STDC94 residues were substituted with alanine to generate ΔFSHβ 89-97(91 STDC94 /AAAA) peptide. Analogous to the parent peptide, ΔFSHβ 89-97(91 STDC94 /AAAA) peptide inhibited binding of iodinated FSH to rat FSHR and reduced FSH-induced cAMP production...

Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was and still is an important part of breast cancer treatment despite the fact the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has revolutionized breast cancer surgery. SLNB provides the same prognostic information as ALND but with significantly less morbidity. The results of numerous trials conducted over the past 20 years have crowned SLNB as the gold standard for early breast cancer treatment. ALND represents a very standardized intervention with precise landmarks and boundaries...

How do infants' thoughts compare to the thoughts adults express with language? In particular, can infants entertain negative representations, such as not red or not here? In four experiments, we used pupillometry to ask whether negative representations are possible without an external language. Eleven-month-olds were tested on their ability to detect and represent the abstract structure of sequences of syllables, defined by the relations identity and/or negation: AAAA (four identical syllables; Experiment 1), AAA¬A (three times the syllable A and one final syllable that is not A; Experiment 2), AA(A)(A)¬A (two-to-four times the syllable A and one final syllable that is not A; Experiment 3)...

In this paper, a novel approach was established on the basis of a molecularly imprinted technique with the aid of double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) embedded in a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membrane as a new functional unit with chiral recognition for highly specific chiral recognition. The chiral molecules were immobilized and anchored in the cavities of the MIP membrane on the basis of the three-dimensional structure of a molecule determined by the functional groups, spatial characterization of the cavities of MIPs, and the spatial orientation with dsDNA embedded in MIPs...

AIM: To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) on the access to rheumatology care for patients with chronic rheumatic diseases (CRD) in the Arab countries. METHOD: A web-based cross-sectional survey was designed by the Arab Adult Arthritis Awareness group (AAAA) consisting of 16 rheumatologists representing countries from the Arab League of Associations for Rheumatology (ArLAR) and was validated by the ArLAR scientific committee...

Determination of RNA structural-dynamic properties is challenging for experimental methods. Thus atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations represent a helpful technique complementary to experiments. However, contemporary MD methods still suffer from limitations of force fields (ffs), including imbalances in the non-bonded ff terms. We have recently demonstrated that some improvement of state-of-the-art AMBER RNA ff can be achieved by adding a new term for H-bonding called gHBfix, which increases tuning flexibility and reduces risk of side-effects...

OBJECTIVE: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been extensively study regarding elective and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. However, much less is known about EVAR of symptomatic nonruptured AAA, especially concerning the long-term results. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of EVAR of symptomatic AAA compared with asymptomatic AAA at a tertiary center using a single graft. METHODS: All consecutive patients treated for symptomatic and asymptomatic AAAs from 1998 to 2012 at our institution, using the Cook Zenith stent graft (Cook Europe A/S, Bjaeverskov, Denmark), were included in the study...

To shield against massive electromagnetic pollution and meet increasing demand in portable electronics, the development of flexible, lightweight and high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with good environmental friendliness is an urgent but still challenging need. Herein, a creative multi-dimensional and level-by-level assembly strategy is proposed to construct free-standing and sandwich-type nanoheterostructures consisting of flexible cotton-derived carbon fibers (CFs), magnetic and conductive nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) and highly conductive and large-surface-area dandelion-like graphene (DLG), via a high-precision combination technology of magnetron sputtering-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition...

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a component of the plasminogen activator (PA) system, is elevated in inflammatory neurological disorders. In the present study, we explored the immunomodulatory activity of tPA in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The EAE was treated with two catalytic inactive tPA variant proteins: S(481)A and S(481)A + KHRR(296-299)AAAA. EAE-induced tPA-/- mice presented with markedly more severe disease than wt EAE mice. Further, treatment with tPA variants, demonstrated a significant suppression of disease severity in tPA-/- and wt mice...

The use of geminal di(guanidinium) and acridin-9(10H)-one-derived di(carboxylate) derivatives (1a-c and 2a-e, respectively) allows stabi-lization of heterodimers characterized by high binding affinities in water (maximum ΔG < -7 kcal mol-1 , Ka >105 M-1 ) as inferred from UV-Vis spectroscopic titrations and ITC measurements, therefore rivalling or surpassing the interaction energy between the strongest DNA or RNA triplet pairs. These duplexes are readily accessible and are structurally modifiable, rendering them attractive as building blocks for creating heteroduplex constructs...