Non-accidental injury

BACKGROUND: Active engagement in leisure activities has positive effects on individuals' health outcomes and social functioning; however, there is limited understanding of the link between participation in leisure activities, particularly non-exercise activities, and falls in older adults. This study aimed to determine the relationship between participation in leisure activities and the incidence of falls, and the variation of this relationship by dementia status in residential aged care facilities (RACFs)...

BACKGROUND: In traumatic brain injury patients (TBI) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), agitation can lead to accidental removal of catheters, devices as well as self-extubation and falls. Actigraphy could be a potential tool to continuously monitor agitation. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of monitoring agitation with actigraphs and to compare activity levels in agitated and non-agitated critically ill TBI patients. METHODS: Actigraphs were placed on patients' wrists; 24-hour monitoring was continued until ICU discharge or limitation of therapeutic efforts...

PURPOSE: The skeletal survey X-ray series is the current 'gold standard' when investigating suspected physical abuse (SPA) of children, in addition to a non-contrast computed tomography (CT) brain scan. This systematic literature review synthesised findings of published research to determine if low dose computed tomography (LDCT) could detect subtle fractures and therefore replace the skeletal survey X-ray series in the investigation of SPA in children aged under 3 years. METHODS: Five electronic databases and grey literature were systematically searched from their inception to 28 April 2022...

BACKGROUND: The intra-abdominal injury and traumatic brain injury prediction rules derived by the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) were designed to reduce inappropriate use of CT in children with abdominal and head trauma, respectively. We aimed to validate these prediction rules for children presenting to emergency departments with blunt abdominal or minor head trauma. METHODS: For this prospective validation study, we enrolled children and adolescents younger than 18 years presenting to six emergency departments in Sacramento (CA), Dallas (TX), Houston (TX), San Diego (CA), Los Angeles (CA), and Oakland (CA), USA between Dec 27, 2016, and Sept 1, 2021...

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by defective secretion of bile acids or transport defects resulting in progressive cholestasis. These disorders usually present during infancy or childhood and are associated with progressive liver disease. PFIC is estimated to affect 1 in 50,000-100,000 births, with PFIC-2 representing half of PFIC cases. PFIC-2 presents with hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, pruritus, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, and growth failure...

BACKGROUND: Confirming proper placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) is important, as accidental misplacements may occur and lead to critical injuries, potentially leading to adverse outcomes. Multiple methods are available for determining the correct ETT placement in prehospital care. OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy and reliability of the different methods used to confirm endotracheal intubation in prehospital settings. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies that were published between 1-June-1992 and 12-June-2022 using a combination of predetermined search terms...

Pectoralis major (PM) rupture is a rare injury, commonly misdiagnosed, that affects mostly young male athletes aged 20-40 years. This type of injury is typically associated with weight lifting, especially bench pressing. In an occupational medicine setting, it is extremely rare and not much reported in the literature. We present the case of a 30-year-old trauma technician male who presented with right shoulder and chest pain following a popping sensation while pushing in full momentum a patient on a gurney accidentally set on break mode...

BACKGROUND: Triage accuracy is essential for delivering effective trauma care, especially in the pediatric population where unique challenges exist. The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors contributing to under-triage and over-triage in an urban pediatric trauma center. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all trauma activations at an urban level 1 trauma center between January 1, 2021, and July 31, 2023 (patients <18 years old...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a reduction in pediatric trauma volume during COVID-19, but many have looked at a limited number of facilities, analyzed a narrow timeframe, or both. The objective of this analysis was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric trauma volume for a statewide sample during 2020. Based on previous literature, researchers hypothesized a reduction in volume during the implementation of these policies. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of five years (2016 - 2020) of Indiana's statewide trauma patient registry...

BACKGROUND The main causes of accidental trauma in children include road traffic accidents (RTAs) and falling from height (FFH). Rapid and accurate assessment of severity of injury is required to guide effective management. This retrospective study aimed to compare the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS), and Injury Severity Score (ISS) and outcomes for 118 pediatric trauma patients at a single Emergency Department (ED) in Turkey. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients admitted to Ankara City Hospital due to high-energy trauma between November 1, 2019 and April 30, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest surgical quality outcomes are similar between rural and urban hospitals, but data about gynecology in rural hospitals is sparse. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Inpatient Sample database from the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality. Patients who underwent benign hysterectomy for non-prolapse indications between 2012-2016 were identified using ICD-9 and 10 codes. Patients were stratified into rural or urban non-teaching groups; urban teaching hospitals were the referent group...

AIM: To evaluate the suitability of a Doppler ultrasound probe in detecting the greater palatine artery or its greater branches non-invasively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The palatal mucosa of 108 participants (median age 34 years, 51 female) was systematically divided into transversal sectors, each aligning with the positions of the upper molars (M), premolars (P) and canine teeth (C), aiming to facilitate precise and consistent localization of the detected palatal blood vessel across different patients...

INTRODUCTION: Birth injury is a significant public health problem in Africa, with a high incidence and associated mortality and morbidity. Systematic reviews that indicate the incidence, contributing factors and outcomes of birth injury in Africa provide valuable evidence to policy-makers and programme planners for improving prevention and treatment strategies. Therefore, this review is aimed to evaluate the incidence, contributing factors and outcomes of birth injury among newborns in Africa...

Biomechanical measurements of accidental ankle sprain injuries are rare but make important contributions to a more detailed understanding of the injury mechanism. In this case study, we present the kinematics and kinetics of a lateral ankle sprain of a female athlete performing handball-specific fake-and-cut manoeuvres. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were recorded and six previously performed trials were used as reference. Plantarflexion, inversion, and internal rotation angles were substantially larger than the reference trials and peaked between 190 and 200 ms after initial ground contact...

BACKGROUND: The authors describe a 60-year-old female who underwent a correlative examination for an accidental scalp injury, revealing a sellar mass, which was surgically excised and pathologically confirmed to be a non-Hodgkin's small B-cell lymphoma. These findings in combination with the immunophenotype led to a final diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Previous studies have shown that hematological solid tumors occurring in the pituitary gland are extremely rare, and there are only approximately three other cases of living patients with similarities to this case, all of which had ambiguous expression of subsequent hematological treatment...

BACKGROUND: In cases of fractures in children with suspicion of non-accidental injury (NAI), biochemical markers of calcium homeostasis should be performed. OBJECTIVES: To describe the pattern of biochemistry in children with fractures NAI is suspected. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Children ≤2 years of age who had undergone a skeletal survey as part of a child protection investigation where 1/+ fracture was identified over a ten-year period (2012-2021) at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow...

BACKGROUND: Atraumatic limping is a frequent cause of consultation in Pediatric Emergency Departments (PED) and often represents a challenge for pediatricians for its variability in etiology ranging from benign causes to potential crippling conditions. The aims of this research are to illustrate the clinical features of acute limping children (LC) and to identify the possible red flags that could help to make a diagnosis of severe pathologies. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study about non-traumatic limping children referred to the PED of Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital over a 2-year period...

BACKGROUND: Non-accidental trauma (NAT), or child abuse, is a leading cause of childhood injury and death in the United States. Studies demonstrate that military-affiliated individuals are at greater risk of mental health complications and family violence, including child maltreatment. There is limited information about the outcomes of military children who experience NAT. This study compares the outcomes between military-dependent and civilian children diagnosed with NAT. STUDY DESIGN: A single institution, retrospective review was performed of children admitted with confirmed NAT at a Level I trauma center...

AIM: This study sought to describe the epidemiology of burns and factors associated with prolonged hospital stay among adult patients admitted in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital burns unit. METHODS: All files of patients aged at least 17 years and admitted in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital burns unit between 1 June 2007 and 31 May 2017 with acute burns, were reviewed. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, injuries sustained, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the files...

OBJECTIVE: Hospital-based clinical decision tools support clinician decision-making when a child presents to the emergency department with a head injury, particularly regarding CT scanning. However, there is no decision tool to support prehospital clinicians in deciding which head-injured children can safely remain at scene. This study aims to identify clinical decision tools, or constituent elements, which may be adapted for use in prehospital care. DESIGN: Systematic mapping review and narrative synthesis...