Lipofuscin

PURPOSE: The prevalence of choroidal naevi is common and has been found to be up to 10%. Little is known regarding the optical properties of choroidal naevi. A novel hyperspectral eye fundus camera was used to investigate choroidal naevi's optical density spectra in the retina. METHODS: In an ophthalmology clinic setting, patients with choroidal naevi were included in the study. Visual acuity and pressure were tested. Following mydriatics, optical coherence tomography and fundus photography were taken as a reference, after which a hyperspectral image with 12 nm spectral resolution at 450-700 nm was taken...

Dendrobium nobile is a traditional Chinese herb with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. However, its antiaging effects are unclear. Herein, we studied the aging-related functions and the mechanism of action of the alcohol extract of Dendrobium nobile (DnAE) in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans . The results indicated that 1 mg/mL DnAE slowed lipofuscin accumulation, decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species, elevated superoxide dismutase activity, enhanced oxidative and heat stress resistance, extended the lifespan of nematodes, protected their dopamine neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration, and reduced Aβ-induced neurotoxicity...

Obesity has become a serious global public health risk threatening millions of people. In this study, the astaxanthin-anthocyanin nanoparticles (AXT-ACN NPs) were used to investigate their effects on the lipid accumulation and antioxidative capacity of the high-sugar-diet-induced high-fat Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ). It can be found that the lifespan, motility, and reproductive capacity of the high-fat C. elegans were significantly decreased compared to the normal nematodes in the control group. However, treatment of high-fat C...

A progressive neurological disorder was observed in a male neutered Weimaraner. Clinical signs included fecal incontinence, lethargy, moderate paraparesis, proprioceptive pelvic limb ataxia, falling, cognitive decline, incoordination, decreased interest in food, changes in posture, and episodes of trance-like behavior. Neurologic signs were first observed at approximately 4 years, 10 months of age and progressed slowly. Magnetic resonance imaging showed generalized brain atrophy with areas of white matter pathology...

Recently, we reported that oral-epithelial cells (OE) are unique in their response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) in that cell cycle arrest (G2/M) occurs without leading to apoptosis. We now demonstrate that Cdt-induced cell cycle arrest in OE has a duration of at least 7 days with no change in viability. Moreover, toxin-treated OE develops a new phenotype consistent with cellular senescence; this includes increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and accumulation of the lipopigment, lipofuscin...

Senescent cell number increases with age in different tissues, leading to greater senescent cell load, proinflammatory stress, and tissue dysfunction. In the current study, we tested the efficacy of senolytic drugs to reduce ovarian senescence and improve fertility in reproductive age female mice. In the first experiment, 1-month-old C57BL/6 female mice were treated every other week with D + Q (n = 24) or placebo (n = 24). At 3 and 6 months of age, female mice were mated with untreated males to evaluate pregnancy rate and litter size...

OBJECTIVES: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the eye diseases that can affect a person's central vision. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are damaged in this medical condition and some pigments are presented in these cells. Here, we aimed to investigate melanin and lipofuscin granules of RPE cells as a precursor of AMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hooded rats (n=18) were divided into two groups and received 100 μl of sodium iodate (SI) into the retro-orbital sinus of their eyes at 40 and 60 mg/kg doses...

With the objective of developing new methods to acquire diagnostic information, the reconstruction of the broadband absorption coefficient spectra (μa [λ]) of healthy and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma kidney tissues was performed. By performing a weighted sum of the absorption spectra of proteins, DNA, oxygenated, and deoxygenated hemoglobin, lipids, water, melanin, and lipofuscin, it was possible to obtain a good match of the experimental μa (λ) of both kidney conditions. The weights used in those reconstructions were estimated using the least squares method, and assuming a total water content of 77% in both kidney tissues, it was possible to calculate the concentrations of the other tissue components...

Biallelic loss of SPG11 function constitutes the most frequent cause of complicated autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with thin corpus callosum, resulting in progressive multisystem neurodegeneration. While the impact of neuroinflammation is an emerging and potentially treatable aspect in neurodegenerative diseases and leukodystrophies, the role of immune cells in SPG11-HSP patients is unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive immunological characterization of SPG11-HSP, including examination of three human postmortem brain donations, immunophenotyping of patients' peripheral blood cells and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia-like cells (iMGL)...

Recently, we characterized the ferroptotic phenotype in the liver of diabetic mice and revealed nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inactivation as an integral part of hepatic injury. Here, we aim to investigate whether sulforaphane, an Nrf2 activator and antioxidant, prevents diabetes-induced hepatic ferroptosis and the mechanisms involved. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: control (vehicle-treated), diabetic (streptozotocin-induced; 40 mg/kg, from Days 1 to 5), diabetic sulforaphane-treated (2...

Lipofuscin (LF) is an intracellular aggregate associated with proteostatic impairments, especially prevalent in nondividing skeletal muscle fibers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) drive LF-formation. Resistance training (RT) improves muscle performance but also increases ROS production, potentially promoting LF-formation. Thus, we aimed to investigate if RT of a mesocycle duration increases LF-formation in type-I and II muscle fibers and whether RT increases the antioxidant capacity (AOC) in terms of SOD1 and SOD2 content...

Proteins are densely packed in cells and tissues, where they form complex nanostructures. Expansion microscopy (ExM) variants have been used to separate proteins from each other in preserved biospecimens, improving antibody access to epitopes. Here, we present an ExM variant, decrowding expansion pathology (dExPath), that can expand proteins away from each other in human brain pathology specimens, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical specimens. Immunostaining of dExPath-expanded specimens reveals, with nanoscale precision, previously unobserved cellular structures, as well as more continuous patterns of staining...

Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) plays a critical role in the developmental programming of liver dysfunction that is characteristic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Circadian and aging processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We hypothesized that the prenatal BPA-induced fatty-liver phenotype of female sheep is associated with premature hepatic senescence and disruption in circadian clock genes. The expression of circadian rhythm and aging-associated genes, along with other markers of senescence such as telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and lipofuscin accumulation, were evaluated in the liver tissue of control and prenatal BPA groups...

The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones that act in the homeostasis of organisms. During aging, alterations in the hormonal balance affect the adrenal glands, but these have not yet been fully described due to the lack of adequate animal models. The adrenal gland of the Mongolian gerbil has a morphology similar to the primate's adrenal gland, which makes it a possible animal model for endocrine studies. Therefore, the current study aimed to study the morphophysiology of the adrenal gland under the effect of aging...

Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis (IMP) is a rare ischemic colitis characterized by calcification of mesenteric veins and submucosal veins of the colon. Melanosis coli (MC) is a pigmented mucosal lesion comprising macrophages in the lamina propria of the colorectal mucosa that contain lipofuscin. This study reports a case of IMP combined with MC.Clinicians should consider medication history, bowel preparation, and thorough observation to prevent missed IMP diagnosis when coexisting with MC.

Progressive neurocognitive dysfunction is the leading cause of a reduced quality of life in patients with primary brain tumors. Understanding how the human brain responds to cancer and its treatment is essential to improve the associated cognitive sequelae. In this study, we performed integrated transcriptomic and tissue analysis on postmortem normal-appearing non-tumor brain tissue from glioblastoma (GBM) patients that had received cancer treatments, region-matched brain tissue from unaffected control individuals and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients...

INTRODUCTION: While several antidepressants have been identified as potential geroprotectors, the effect and mechanism of sertraline on healthspan remain to be elucidated. Here, we explored the role of sertraline in lifespan and healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). METHODS: The optimal effect concentration of sertraline was first screened in wild-type N2 worms under heat stress conditions. Then, we examined the effects of sertraline on lifespan, reproduction, lipofuscin accumulation, mobility, and stress resistance...

Pharmacological strategies to delay aging and combat age-related diseases are increasingly promising. This study explores the anti-aging and therapeutic effects of two novel 18-norspirostane steroidal saponins from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim, namely deoxytrillenoside CA (DTCA) and epitrillenoside CA (ETCA), using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Both DTCA and ETCA significantly extended the lifespan of wild-type N2 worms and improved various age-related phenotypes, including muscle health, motility, pumping rate, and lipofuscin accumulation...

INTRODUCTION: Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental contaminant that is of particular concern in Northern Arctic Canadian populations. Specifically, organic mercury compounds such as MeHg are potent toxicants that affect multiple bodily systems including the nervous system. Developmental exposure to MeHg is a major concern, as the developing fetus and neonate are thought to be especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of MeHg. The objective of this study was to examine developmental exposure to low doses of MeHg and effects upon the adult central nervous system (CNS)...

Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the major threats to crop protection. However, only limited nematicides are currently available and are confronted with a growing resistance problem, which necessitates the development of novel nematicides. In this study, a series of trifluorobutene amide derivatives was synthesized through the strategy of amide bond reversal, and their nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated. The bioassay showed that compounds C2 , C10 , and C18 and some analogues thereof exhibited good nematicidal activity...